Information engineering

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Data engineering.

Information engineering is the engineering discipline that deals with the generation, distribution, analysis, and use of information, data, and knowledge in systems.[1][2][3][4][5] The field first became identifiable in the early 21st century.

An example of object detection (a stop sign) in computer vision.
Object detection for a stop sign

The components of information engineering include more theoretical fields such as

bioengineering
.

An example of clustering in machine learning.
An example of clustering in machine learning

The field of information engineering is based heavily on mathematics, particularly

variational calculus, and complex analysis
.

Information engineers often[

professional body such as the Institution of Engineering and Technology or Institute of Measurement and Control.[8][9][10] They are employed in almost all industries
due to the widespread use of information engineering.

History

In the 1980s/1990s term information engineering referred to an area of software engineering which has come to be known as data engineering in the 2010s/2020s.[11]

Elements

Machine learning and statistics

Main article: Machine learning

Machine learning is the field that involves the use of statistical and

computers "learn" from data without being explicitly programmed.[12]
Data science involves the application of machine learning to extract knowledge from data.

Subfields of machine learning include

semi-supervised learning, and active learning
.

Causal inference is another related component of information engineering.

Control theory

Main article: Control theory

Control theory refers to the control of (

dynamical systems, with the aim being to avoid delays, overshoots, or instability.[13] Information engineers tend to focus more on control theory rather than the physical design of control systems and circuits
(which tends to fall under electrical engineering).

Subfields of control theory include classical control, optimal control, and nonlinear control.

Signal processing

Main article: Signal processing

Signal processing refers to the generation, analysis and use of

sound, electrical, or biological.[14]

An example of how image processing can be applied to radiography.
An example of how the 2D Fourier transform can be used to remove unwanted information from an X-ray scan

Information theory

Main article: Information theory

Information theory studies the analysis, transmission, and storage of information. Major subfields of information theory include coding and data compression.[15]

Computer vision

Main article: Computer vision

Computer vision is the field that deals with getting computers to understand image and video data at a high level.[16]

Natural language processing

Main article: Natural language processing

Natural language processing deals with getting computers to understand human (natural) languages at a high level. This usually means text, but also often includes speech processing and recognition.[17]

Bioinformatics

Main article: Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is the field that deals with the analysis, processing, and use of

biological data.[18] This usually means topics such as genomics and proteomics, and sometimes also includes medical image computing
.

Cheminformatics

Main article: Cheminformatics

Cheminformatics is the field that deals with the analysis, processing, and use of

chemical data.[19]

Robotics

Main article: Robotics

Robotics in information engineering focuses mainly on the

robots. As such, information engineering tends to focus more on autonomous, mobile, or probabilistic robots.[20][21][22] Major subfields studied by information engineers include control, perception, SLAM, and motion planning.[20][21]

Tools

In the past some areas in information engineering such as signal processing used

quantum computers for some subfields of information engineering such as machine learning and robotics.[25][26][27]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "2009 lecture | Past Lectures | BCS/IET Turing lecture | Events | BCS – The Chartered Institute for IT". www.bcs.org. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  2. ^ a b Brady, Michael (2009). "Information Engineering & its future". Institution of Engineering and Technology, Turing Lecture. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  3. ^ Roberts, Stephen. "Introduction to Information Engineering" (PDF). Oxford Information Engineering. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  4. ^ "Department of Information Engineering, CUHK". www.ie.cuhk.edu.hk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  5. ^ a b "Information Engineering | Department of Engineering". www.eng.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  6. ^ "Information Engineering Main/Home Page". www.robots.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  7. ^ "Information Engineering". warwick.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  8. ^ "Academic Partners and Affiliates 2017/2018 – The IET". www.theiet.org. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  9. ^ "Electronic and Information Engineering – Imperial College London". Times Higher Education (THE). Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  10. ^ "Accreditation of the MEng | CUED undergraduate teaching". teaching.eng.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  11. ^ Black, Nathan (15 January 2020). "What is Data Engineering and Why Is It So Important?". QuantHub. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  12. ISBN 978-0387310732
    .
  13. ISBN 978-1118170519
    .
  14. ISBN 978-0137027415
    .
  15. ISBN 978-0471241959
    .
  16. ISBN 978-0128092842
    .
  17. ISBN 978-0131873216
    .
  18. ISBN 978-0199651566
    .
  19. ISBN 978-1402062902
    .
  20. ^
    ISBN 978-0262015356
    .
  21. ^
    ISBN 978-1107031159
    .
  22. ISBN 978-0262201629
    .
  23. ^ Barker, Colin. "How the GPU became the heart of AI and machine learning | ZDNet". ZDNet. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  24. ^ Kobielus, James. "Powering artificial intelligence: The explosion of new AI hardware accelerators". InfoWorld. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  25. ISBN 978-0128100400
    .
  26. ISBN 978-3319964232
    .
  27. ISBN 978-1627059138
    .
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