Infrastructure in Bangalore

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metropolitan cities". The growth of Information Technology in the city, which is the largest contributor to India's software exports, has led to a decadal growth that is second to only that of India's capital New Delhi. The city's roads, however, were not designed to accommodate the vehicular traffic, growing at an average of 8% annually, that prevails in Bengaluru. This leads to heavy slow traffic and traffic jams in Bengaluru
Foreign visitors are often shocked to see the state of infrastructure. Particularly during the monsoon season, commute becomes a challenge. The crippling infrastructure and lack of a robust mass transit network have led to the city having one of the worst average commute times in the world.

Early city planning and infrastructure

telegraph system in the city.[3]

The

Rs. 37,509. The jurisdiction of the cantonment municipality included the Ulsoor division, Southern division, East General Bazaar division, West General Bazaar division, Cleveland Town division and High Ground division. Though the Bangalore town and the Cantonment had separate municipal bodies, they both reported to the President of Bangalore Town Municipality. Despite the establishment of municipal bodies, civic infrastructure in the city did not see considerable improvement. Uncovered drains, some between 10 feet (3.0 m) deep by 6 feet (1.8 m) wide, were common in the town. Contractors of the municipality subordinated farmers for the removal of filth in the cantonment, which they in turn, used as manure. The efficacy of this agreement was minimal during agricultural seasons. Contractors engaged in building construction employing more than 10 labourers, were required to maintain a latrine
for their use and clean it daily.

The

Shivanasamudra.[citation needed
]

Development after independence

Bharat Electronics Limited layout and HAL Layout, and other socio-economic precursors – Hospitals (Mallya
, Bowring and Lady Curson, Vanivilas) and areas of religious and ethnic concentration.

The

Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited (BESCOM), which caters to 2.1 million customers in the Bangalore metropolitan area. To cater to the electricity needs of a growing population, BESCOM has sought to commission 11 additional 66/11 kV substations. Over 4,000 distribution transformer centres were added. One survey indicates that 94% of citizens were satisfied with BESCOM's performance. However, Bangalore continues to experience residential and industrial power outages ("load shedding") for as long as 2 to 4 hours a day, while its contemporaries such as Chennai and Hyderabad remain largely free of such outages.[9]

The

toll gate junction and the Airport
Inner Ring Road Junction.

Under the leadership of Sir

Siemens, Zurich Airport, Larsen & Toubro
consortium, Airports Authority of India and Karnataka State Investment and Industrial Development Corporation. Construction work on the airport began in March 2005.

Bangalore's road network exceeds 3,000 km (1,800 mi) and consists of

Bannerghatta Road was also delayed.[17]

Some of the flyovers and one-ways mitigated the traffic situation moderately, however the volume of traffic continues to grow at an annual rate of between 7–10%. Roads near

National Highway (NH7), therefore witnesses heavy truck traffic as well.[21]

Rapid population growth in Bangalore was brought about by the IT and other associated industries, leading to an increase in the vehicular population to about 1.5 million, with an annual growth rate of 7–10%.[22] Bangalore's infrastructural woes have led to protests by students and IT workers in the city.[23] In July 2004 Wipro's CEO Azim Premji threatened to pull his company out of the city unless there was a drastic improvement in infrastructure over the next few years, stating "We do not see the situation (state of Bangalore's infrastructure) improving in the near future".[24] Ideological clashes between the city's IT moguls, who demand addressing of the infrastructural problems of the city, and the successive state governments, whose electoral base is primarily rural Karnataka's agricultural workers, are common[25] In 2005, however, the Central and state governments allocated sizeable funding from their annual budgets towards the improvement of Bangalore's infrastructure.

References and notes

  1. ^ "A grand dream". The Hindu. 18 July 2002. Archived from the original on 1 July 2003.
  2. ^ "keyword:heritage". The Hindu. 22 February 2005. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007.
  3. ^ "Modernity arrives". The Hindu. 8 August 2002. Archived from the original on 1 July 2003.
  4. ^ "Metro Plus Bangalore / Heritage : Fear of the plague". The Hindu. 14 June 2005. Archived from the original on 19 September 2006.
  5. ^ "Metro Plus Bangalore / Heritage : Making of city's wards". The Hindu. 28 June 2005. Archived from the original on 20 September 2006.
  6. ^ "Metro Plus Bangalore / Heritage : Burgeoning Bangalore". The Hindu. 3 January 2006. Archived from the original on 18 August 2006.
  7. ^ "Microsoft Word – tempans.doc" (PDF).
  8. ^ "e-Governance in Bangalore Water Supply & Sewerage Board", India Governance Knowledge Center, accessed August 11, 2007
  9. ^ Raggi Mudde (29 September 2007). "Bangalore Vs other southern Indian Cities". Karnataka.com.
  10. ^ "Urban Transport in Bangalore And Chennai" (PDF).
  11. ^ [1] Archived 24 March 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ a b Victim of Politics. The Indian Express. 2006. The Indian Express Group. 17 Jul. 1998
  13. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2006. Retrieved 12 March 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. hdl:10919/9941
    .
  15. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. ^ Traffic police trash all proposed flyovers. The Times of India. 2006. Bennett Coleman and Co Ltd. 28 November 2005
  17. ^ Court Raps BDA on flyover delays Archived 17 March 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Deccan Herald. 2006. The Printers (Mysore) Ltd. 22 June 2005
  18. ^ Residents target delay in flyover. The Times of India. 2006. Bennett Coleman and Co Ltd. 5 June 2005
  19. ^ Peripheral Ring Road work may begin by December. The Hindu. 2006. 21 June 2005
  20. ^ Peripheral ring road to be thrown open next month? Archived 17 March 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Deccan Herald. 2006. 13 December 2005
  21. ^ Work on Bangalore-Hosur Road from Feb. The Times of India. 2006. Bennett Coleman and Co Ltd. 16 January 2006
  22. ^ Road yet to catch up with city. The Times of India. 2006. Bennett Coleman and Co Ltd. 13 August 2001
  23. ^ Bannerghatta Road drives IIM-B students to streetsThe Times of India. 2004. Bennett Coleman and Co Ltd. 5 October 2004
  24. ^ Wipro threatens to quit Bangalore. Rediff.com. 2006. Rediff.com India Limited. 27 July 2004
  25. ^ Bangalore Crumbling. The Indian Express. 4 December 2004

Further reading

  • Hye, Hwang Yun, ed. (January–April 2019), Landscapes of Necessity. Envision a water resilient Hebbal Kempapura, Authors of Work: Mitali Kumar, Elsa Sim Rui Jia, Dai Yuke, Yang Xiaowen, Tang Mengjiao Zhang Qinqin, Muhammad Rahmat Bin Khairudin, Isabel Villegas Molina, Chen Nan Manasi Venkatesh Prabhudesai, Chan Wing Fai, Liu Ye, Hou Yanru. Tutor: Hwang Yun Hye (NUS), CASA Centre of Advanced Studies in Architecture, NUS School of Design and Environment, Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore,
    ISBN 978-981-11-6460-6
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