Ingolstadt
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Ingolstadt | |
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museum mobile, about the history of Audi Audi Sportpark, the home of FC Ingolstadt 04 | |
Urban district | |
Subdivisions | 11 Stadtbezirke with 61 Unterbezirken |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2020–26) | Christian Scharpf [1] (SPD) |
Area | |
• Total | 133.37 km2 (51.49 sq mi) |
Elevation | 374 m (1,227 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 141,029 |
• Density | 1,100/km2 (2,700/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 85049–85057 |
Dialling codes | 0841 08450 (Zuchering, Brunnenreuth) 08424 (Irgertsheim) 08458 (Pettenhofen/Mühlhausen/Dünzlau) 08459 (Niederfeld) |
Vehicle registration | IN |
Website | www.ingolstadt.de |
Ingolstadt (German:
The city was first mentioned in 806. In the late Middle Ages, the city was one of the capitals of the Bavarian duchies alongside Munich,
There are two colleges in the city. The place is one of the three regional centers in Bavaria. The city is mainly characterized by the manufacturing industry, such as automobile and mechanical engineering. The unemployment rate was 3.3% in February 2022.
Geography
Covering an urban area of 133.35 km2 (51.49 sq mi), Ingolstadt is geographically Bavaria's fourth-largest city after Munich, Nuremberg and Augsburg. At its largest point the city is about 18 km (11 mi) from east to west and from north to south about 15 km (9 mi). The city boundary has a length of 70 km (43 mi).
The city boundary is about 14 km (9 mi) away from the geographic centre of Bavaria in
The city is expanding at the northern and southern banks of the Danube in a wide flat bowl. The Ingolstadt basin borders the Jura foothills, located south and to the north of the Donau-Isar-Hügelland. In the southwest is the Donaumoos while in the east the lowland forests of the Danube reach into the urban area. It is the second-largest hardwood floodplain on the Danube. The Sandrach, the former southern main branch of the Danube, partly forms the southern city border. In the north, the Schutter flows through from the west reaching the Danube near the Altstadt.
History and culture
Ingolstadt was first mentioned in a document of Charlemagne on 6 February 806 as "Ingoldes stat", the place of Ingold.[clarification needed] c. 1250, Ingolstadt was granted city status.
Ingolstadt was the capital of the Duchy of Bavaria-Ingolstadt between 1392 and 1447. Ingolstadt was then united with Bavaria-Landshut. Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria ordered the building of the New Castle as well as the Church of Our Lady (Münster zur Schönen Unseren Lieben Frau), also known as "Upper Parish" (Obere Pfarr), whose form was strongly influenced by French Gothic architecture.
In 1472
Ingolstadt is where William IV, Duke of Bavaria wrote and signed the Bavarian Reinheitsgebot in 1516.
On 30 April 1632, the German field marshal Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly died at Ingolstadt during a Swedish siege of the city. The field marshal had been badly wounded in a previous engagement with the Swedes under King Gustavus Adolphus. Ingolstadt proved to be the first fortress in Germany that held out for the entire length of the Swedish siege, and the Swedes eventually withdrew.
The remains of Gustavus Adolphus' horse can be seen in the City Museum. The horse was shot from under the king by one of the cannons inside the fortress, a cannon known as "The Fig". When the Swedes withdrew, the city preserved the remains of the king's horse, eventually putting the Schwedenschimmel [de] on display. It has remained thus for almost 400 years. In 1748, Adam Weishaupt, the founder of the Order of Illuminati, was born in Ingolstadt. After the French invasion in 1799, the fortress was demolished and the university was relocated to Landshut.
Originally a fortress city, Ingolstadt is enclosed by a
Adolf Scherzer composed the "Bayerischen Defiliermarsch". Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was set at the Ingolstädter Alte Anatomie (Old Anatomy Building), now a museum for medical history. Marieluise Fleißer set her play Pioneers in Ingolstadt (1928) in the city.
Economy
In 1945, the car manufacturer
Demographics
Population development since 1450:
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1450 | 3,000 | — |
1630 | 6,500 | +116.7% |
1871 | 13,157 | +102.4% |
1900 | 22,207 | +68.8% |
1919 | 26,013 | +17.1% |
1925 | 26,630 | +2.4% |
1933 | 28,628 | +7.5% |
1939 | 33,394 | +16.6% |
1950 | 40,523 | +21.3% |
1961 | 53,405 | +31.8% |
1970 | 70,414 | +31.8% |
1987 | 96,071 | +36.4% |
2001 | 117,311 | +22.1% |
2011 | 124,927 | +6.5% |
2018 | 138,181 | +10.6% |
source:[4][circular reference] |
Largest groups of foreign residents[5] | |
Nationality | Population (2018) |
---|---|
Turkey | 4,438 |
Romania | 2,583 |
Greece | 1,405 |
Croatia | 1,332 |
Italy | 1,155 |
Kosovo | 1,126 |
Poland | 1,103 |
Hungary | 942 |
Cityscape
Main sights
As one of five ducal residences of medieval Bavaria—besides Landshut, Munich, Straubing and Burghausen—the city of Ingolstadt features many Gothic buildings, such as the Herzogskasten ('old ducal castle', c. 1255) and the New Castle, which was built from 1418 onwards. The largest church is the Gothic hall church of Our Lady (Liebfrauenmunster), which was begun in 1425. The church was built to serve as a second parish church beside Saint Maurice as well as the burial place for Louis and his family and intended to be the official burial place for the future Dukes of Bavaria-Ingolstadt. Its peculiar and rare angle of footprint was emulated in the 20th century built Cathedral of Newark. Also, the churches of Saint Maurice (1235) and of the Gnadenthal and Franciscan monasteries date from the Gothic era. The Kreuztor (1385) is one of the remaining gates of the old city wall and to this day the key landmark of the city. The Gothic Old City Hall was constructed in the 14th century and later altered several times.
The Baroque era is represented by the Old Anatomy Building of the university (1723–1736, designed by Gabriel de Gabrieli) and the church St. Maria de Victoria, which was built by the Asam brothers (1732–1736). The church of the Augustinians of Johann Michael Fischer (1736) was completely destroyed in World War II.
Many buildings of the neo-classical fortification of Leo von Klenze have been preserved, such as the Reduit Tilly and the towers Baur and Triva.
As well as being the home of the headquarters of the car manufacturer
Parks and natural areas
Ingolstadt is a green city with numerous parks, green spaces and forests. The most prominent of these is the "
The biggest forest in Ingolstadt is the Auwald ("riverside forest", also called "Schüttel"). It is found on both the northern and southern banks of the Danube, and is one of the biggest well-preserved river forests in Germany, extending mainly from Neuburg to Ingolstadt with extensions to the city centre. The forest serves as a natural reserve, with parts containing unique vegetation or acting as a wildlife reserve.
The Danube river runs through Ingolstadt, flowing west to east. In the area of Ingolstadt, the Danube is between 80 and 100 metres wide and flows past Ingolstadt's old town.
Schools
Ingolstadt School of Management
Ingolstadt is home to the
The Ingolstadt School of management offers
Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt
Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt (THI) is a university for technology, computer sciences and business administration. With approximately 6,000 students, it is the biggest educational institution in Ingolstadt.[6]
Several scholarship programmes supported by companies such as Siemens and Conti Temic (Continental AG) provide gifted students with financial assistance during their studies. These students deepen their practical experience by working at these organizations.
THI offers several undergraduate and graduate programmes.
Sports
The sports life of the city is based on the 83 registered sports clubs. The biggest sports club is the MTV 1881 Ingolstadt, with over 3000 registered members in 16 branches. In total, the sports clubs in Ingolstadt have more than 41,000 members.
Ingolstadt is especially known for ice hockey and association football. ERC Ingolstadt, founded in 1964, plays in the German Ice Hockey League since the 2002–03 season. With the exception of its season of debut and 2007–08, the club has reached the national playoffs every year as of 2014[update], and has reached the semi-finals three times. They won the German Ice Hockey League Championship in 2014.
The football club FC Ingolstadt 04 came into existence in 2004 after the merger of the football branches of MTV Ingolstadt and ESV Ingolstadt. In the 2007–08 season, it was promoted from the third-highest division at the time, Regionalliga Süd to 2. Bundesliga. In the 2008–09 season, it was relegated to the penultimate place, but was promoted again in 2010-11 and remained in 2. Bundesliga till 2015. In 2015, Ingolstadt won the 2. Bundesliga and were promoted to the country's highest league, the Bundesliga. During their first season in the Bundesliga, Ingolstadt finished in 11th place. They were relegated to 2. Bundesliga by the end of the 2016–17 season.
Literary references
Ingolstadt is one of the many settings in Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. Primarily, Victor Frankenstein attends university in Ingolstadt. It is also widely regarded as the place where the unnamed monster was created.
The Illuminati was founded in Ingolstadt and Shelley's husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley, was sympathetic to the radical group's aim of freeing society from Christian influence. In 1810 as a student at Oxford he wrote to his friend Thomas Jefferson Hogg: “I burn with impatience for the moment of Xtianity’s dissolution[7]” and signed off with the Illuminati's catchphrase “Ecrasez l’imfame”.
The musical version of the novel, Frankenstein – A New Musical has many scenes set in Ingolstadt.
Ingolstadt is also a pivotal location in The Illuminatus! Trilogy by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson.
The sixth scene of "
Rainer Werner Fassbinder's 1971 film Pioneers in Ingolstadt is set in the town.
The X-Files episode "The Post-Modern Prometheus" makes a reference to the University of Ingolstadt. This was an allusion to Frankenstein, as the episode contained numerous Frankenstein references, and the full title of Frankenstein is "Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus".
In the
Twin towns – sister cities
Ingolstadt is twinned with:[8]
- Carrara, Italy
- Central AO (Moscow), Russia
- Moscow, Russia
- Foshan, China
- Grasse, France
- Győr, Hungary
- Kirkcaldy, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Kragujevac, Serbia
- Manisa, Turkey
- Murska Sobota, Slovenia
- Opole, Poland
Organizations and clubs
- MTV 1881 Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt's major sports club
- 2. Bundesliga(II)
- Grün-Weiß Ingolstadt, Footballclubin Kreisklasse (IX)
- Ingolstadt Schanzer, Baseball team in 2. Bundesliga (II)
- ERC Ingolstadt, Ice hockey team in DEL (I)
- The Bavarian Illuminati
- Ingolstadt Dukes American football in GFL (I)
Notable people
- Philipp Apian (1531–1589), mathematician
- Adam Weishaupt (1748–1830), philosopher
- Marieluise Fleißer (1901–1974), author and playwright
- Michael Heltau (born 1933), German-Austrian actor
- Erich Kellerhals (1939–2017), businessman
- Horst Seehofer (born 1949), politician
- Eva Bulling-Schröter (born 1956), politician
- Stefan Klingele (born 1967), conductor
- Reinhard Brandl (born 1977), politician
- Christian Engelhart (born 1986), racing driver
- Patrick Schranner (born 1991), racing driver
Notes
- Independent city (Germany)] in German
References
- ^ Liste der Oberbürgermeister in den kreisfreien Städten Archived 2021-06-30 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 18 July 2021.
- ^ Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011) (Hilfe dazu).
- ^ "Home - Bayerisches Armeemuseum". www.armeemuseum.de. Archived from the original on 2022-02-09. Retrieved 2022-02-11.
- ^ de:Einwohnerentwicklung von Ingolstadt
- ^ "Bevölkerung" [Population] (pdf) (in German). Stadt Ingolstadt. pp. 34–38. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ^ "Facts and Figures". THI. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
- ISBN 0140580379.
- ^ Ingolstadt und seine Partnerstädte - Ingolstadt.de
External links
- Ingolstadt Official website of the city (in German)
- Virtual tour through Ingolstadt (in German, but more images than text)
- Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt
- University of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschule)
- Museum of the Bavarian Army (in German)
- Audi
- A history of Ingolstadt by Kurt Scheurer (in German)
- A biography of Marieluise Fleißer (in German)
- Pioniere in Ingolstadt by Marieluise Fleißer (in German)