Inns of Court Regiment
Inns of Court Regiment | |
---|---|
Active | May 1932 – May 1961 |
Country | United Kingdom |
Branch | British Army |
Type | Infantry / Cavalry |
Garrison/HQ | 10 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn |
Nickname(s) | "The Devil's Own"[1] |
The Inns of Court Regiment (ICR) was a British Army regiment that existed under that name between May 1932 and May 1961. However, the unit traces its lineage back much further, to at least 1584, and its name lives on today within 68 (Inns of Court & City and Yeomanry) Signal Squadron, as part of 71st (City of London) Yeomanry Signal Regiment.
Early history
Back in the 14th to 16th centuries, judges were called upon to perform functions that, in modern times, would hardly be considered to come within judicial office. Accordingly, members of the Inns of Court found themselves called to fight in the wars of King John or against Robert the Bruce. One such defence of Medieval London was organised in 1381 against Wat Tyler, during the Peasants' Revolt (when the Chief Justice was killed). In 1467, the Chief Justice of the Exchequer, then Recorder of the city of London, was instrumental in defeating a Lancastrian attack on the city of London. Further accounts, such as Henry Machyn's diary (1554), tell of more localised defences when "On the xij day of Juin was a gret fray be-twyn the Lord Warden's servants of Kent and the Ines of Greys Inn and Lynkolne(s) Inn, and some sleyn and hurt."[2]
The first organised body formed by the Inns of Court appears to have been in Holborn, London, in 1584. At that time, associations known as trained bands were formed to assist in the defence of the country from the Spanish Armada.[3] The deed itself, associating the members of Lincoln's Inn, is still in existence, having been preserved by its first signatory, Thomas Egerton, then Solicitor-General, and afterwards Lord Chancellor.[4]
The history is ambiguous thereafter, although many lawyers were known to join the Royalists, and their clerks the Parliamentarians, during the English Civil War. Certainly, members of The Inns were called out against the
Napoleonic Wars
The
Volunteer Force 1859–1908
The modern history of the regiment began again in 1859, shortly after Crimea, with the formation of the 23rd Middlesex (Inns of Court)
In 1908, the Territorial Force was formed and the regiment became the 27th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (Inns of Court); but almost immediately it was changed into an officer training unit under the designation the Inns of Court Officers' Training Corps (I.C.O.T.C.) The regiment had an establishment of one squadron of cavalry (I.C.O.T.C. Squadron, formerly "B" (M.I.) Company) and three companies of infantry.[8]
World War I
In 1914, the Inns of Court Reserve Corps was formed, consisting of former members of the Inns of Court Rifle Volunteers; and in 1917 the 1st Cadet Battalion, Inns of Court, was formed to train boys under military age.[7] The Inns of Court OTC expanded rapidly in August and September 1914, as thousands volunteered for military service following the outbreak of the First World War, and the corps quickly outgrew its peacetime premises in London. A training camp opened in tents on Berkhamsted Common, in the west of Hertfordshire in September 1914 and remained in operation until June 1919, hosting around 2,000 officer cadets. As part of their training, the men dug around 13 miles (21 km) of trenches across Berkhamsted Common, evidence of which remains visible 100 years later.[9]
Around 11,000 were commissioned and became officers in other units.
World War I Memorial
The
Reformations 1920–1940
In 1920, the regiment was reformed with an establishment of one squadron of cavalry and two companies of infantry. Its designation was changed to the Inns of Court Regiment (ICR) in 1932, when it was again reorganised along similar lines. The two infantry companies were converted to light tank cavalry squadrons in 1937 and two years later formed the Royal Armoured Corps Wing, Sandhurst. In 1939, the mounted squadron joined a cavalry training regiment in Edinburgh, but this was disbanded in 1940.[8]
World War II
From 23 January 1941 until 15 January 1943, the regiment was part of the 9th Armoured Division in Great Britain.[14] From 1943, it was under the direct command of I Corps, the assault formation of 21 Army Group and later led the advance of 11th Armoured Division.[15]
On
During the campaign in Northwest Europe of 1944–45, the Inns of Court, organised as an armoured car regiment, was the reconnaissance asset of I Corps.[18]
Reformations 1947–1969
On 1 April 1947, the regiment was again reformed, as the Armoured Car Regiment of the
Following further defence reforms, the unit became known as 68 (Inns of Court & City Yeomanry) Signal Squadron from 1 April 1969, when, with an establishment of eight officers and 85 other ranks, it became part of the newly formed the
Battle honours
The regiment's battle honours were as follows:[19]
- South Africa 1900–01
- The Second World War:
- Normandy Landing · Caen · Bourguébus Ridge · Cagny · Catheolles · Amiens 1944 · Antwerp · Hechtel · Rhine · Leese · Aller · North-West Europe 1944–45
Badge and motto
The cap badge combined the arms of the four Inns of Court.[21] The Latin motto of the corps is Salus populi suprema lex (the safety of the people is the supreme law).[22]
Museum
The Inns of Court and City Yeomanry Museum is at 10 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, London, WC2A 3TG.[23]
References
- ^ "Devil's Own". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Norton, p.6.
- ^ "The London Trained Bands 1572–1647". The Routiers. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ a b c "The Inns of Court Regiment (The Devil's Own)". The Inns of Court and City Yeomanry. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ "Home page". The Inns of Court and City Yeomanry Association. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ Norton, p.13.
- ^ a b "Inns of Court and City Yeomanry". London Metropolitan Archives. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ a b "Inns of Court and City Yeomanry". Aim 25. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "Berkhamsted WWI troop training trenches". Chilterns AONB. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ "No. 30023". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 April 1917. p. 3682.
- ^ "No. 30523". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 February 1918. p. 2004.
- ^ "No. 30667". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 April 1918. p. 5353.
- ^ Historic England, "Inns of Court Officers Training Corps Memorial, Berkhamsted Common (1437412)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 11 April 2017
- ^ Joslen, p. 23.
- ^ "BBC – WW2 People's War – From the Rhine to the Teutoburger Wald". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ^ Joslen, p. 583.
- ^ a b Taggart, A. F. (1949). Needs Must... Herbal Hill, London, E.C.1: F. Mildner & Sons. pp. 12, 15.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Bouchery, p. 11.
- ^ a b "The Inns of Court Regiment". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 16 December 2007. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "71 (Yeomanry) Signal Regiment". Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
- ISBN 978-0747810919.
- ^ Cicero, Marcus Tullius. de Legibus. Vol. III. Free full text from the Latin Library. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ^ "Museum". Inns of Court and City Yeomanry. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
Sources
- Bouchery, Jean (2003). From D-Day to VE-Day: The British Soldier. Paris: Histoire & Collections. ISBN 2-908182-74-2.
- Joslen, H.F (1990). Orders of Battle, Second World War 1939–1945. London: London Stamp Exchange. ISBN 0-948130-03-2.
- Norton, F.C., A short history of the military & naval services of the Inns of Court and the members of the Bench and the Bar, 1886, William Clowes & Sons, Stamford Street and Charing Cross, London
- The Inns of Court Officers Training Corps during the Great War by Francis Henry Launcelot Errington (1922).
External links