Inocybe saliceticola

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Inocybe saliceticola
The holotype, near Nurmes, Finland
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Inocybaceae
Genus: Inocybe
Species:
I. saliceticola
Binomial name
Inocybe saliceticola

Inocybe saliceticola is a fungus found in moist habitats in the

mushrooms with caps of varying shapes up to 40 millimetres (1.6 in) across, and tall, thin stems up to 62 mm (2.4 in) long. At the base of the stem is a large and well-defined "bulb". The species produces unusually shaped, irregular spores, each with a few thick protrusions. This feature helps differentiate it from other species that would otherwise be similar in appearance and habit
.

Inocybe saliceticola grows in

mycorrhizal association with willow trees, and it is for this that the species is named. However, particular species favoured by the fungus are unclear and may include beech and alder taxa. The mushrooms grow from the ground, often among mosses or detritus. I. saliceticola was first described in 2009, and within the genus Inocybe, the species is a part of the section
Marginatae. The species has been recorded in Finland and Sweden and is relatively common in some areas.

Taxonomy

Inocybe saliceticola was first

monophyletic groups, but that Singer's section comes closer to doing so.[8] Species within Marginatae similar to I. saliceticola include I. obtusiuscula, I. dunensis, I. salicis-herbaceae, I. substellata, I. praetervisa, I. salicis and I. mixtilis. These species are all known to associate with willow, and all have macroscopic similarities.[5]

Description

Inocybe saliceticola
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Gills on hymenium
Cap is convex or umbonate
mycorrhizal

Incoybe saliceticola produces

fibrils running from the margin towards the umbo. The cap sometimes splits along these. The cap's colour varies from yellow-brown to pale brown, and is palest at the margins. The umbo contrasts to this somewhat, being a grey-brown or red-brown. The slender stem measures from 0.7 to 6.2 centimetres (0.28 to 2.44 inches) long by 1.5 to 6.5 mm (0.059 to 0.256 in) thick. It thickens slightly towards the base, where it joins a large, well-defined "bulb" that can be up to 11 mm (0.43 in) across. Shallow grooves run up the surface of the stem, which is covered in a fine white powder.[4] In one case, however, an atypical specimen was recovered with an almost completely smooth stem, free of striations or powder.[5] The stem varies in colour, with whitish, pale yellow-brown, pale red-brown, pale brown and grey-brown all observed, while the base is white. No veil or ring is visible.[4]

The fairly crowded

flesh lacks any strong or distinctive smell or taste, and is described in the original description as "fungoid". In the cap, the flesh varies in colour from whitish to a pale brown-grey or pale yellow, while in the stem, it is the same colour as the stem surface or slightly paler.[4]

Microscopic characteristics

The distinctive spores of I. saliceticola. Note the irregular protrusions.

The irregularly shaped

cystidia on the face of the gill) are ventricose or occasionally club-shaped, measuring 41 to 89 by 12 to 23 μm, including a cell wall up to 4.5 μm thick. The tip often bends and is encrusted with crystal-like structures, while the base tapers, or narrows into a small stalk.[4] The cheilocystidia (cystidia on the edge of the gill) are much the same, but they are typically somewhat shorter and stouter.[9] The longer caulocystidia (cystidia on the stem) occur all the way down the stem and measure up to 99 μm in length with a more variable shape. The mushrooms also feature "paracystidia", club-shaped cystidia-like structures on the gills lacking crystals, as well as "cauloparacystidia" on the stem. In Inocybe saliceticola, the paracystidia are fairly abundant, with thin cell-walls, while the abundant cauloparacystidia can have slightly thicker walls and are often arranged in clusters.[10]

Similar species

Of the species of Marginatae associated with willow, five (I. salicis-herbaceae, I. substellata, I. praetervisa, I. salicis and I. mixtilis) can be readily distinguished from I. saliceticola as their spores feature distinct, strongly protruding excrescences. In addition, they are found in vastly different habitats: I. mixtilis and I. praetervisa favour willow only in

dunes. Of the other two listed by Vauras and Kokkonen, the spores of I. dunensis are distinctly larger and of a different shape to those of I. saliceticola, and the cystidia are shorter. While the species is typically found on the beach, it grows on fine sand, and has not been recorded in Finland. I. obtusiuscula also has larger spores of a different shape, and they are a darker colour, owing to their thick cell walls. Phylogenetic analysis of the respective internal transcribed spacer sequences has confirmed that I. obtusiuscula and I. saliceticola are separate species.[5]

Inocybe alnea and I. ochracea, regarded by some as the same species, can also be distinguished from I. saliceticola by the presence of protruding nodules on the spores. DNA analysis confirmed that they were separate from I. saliceticola, and, in any case, it is possible that they do not grow in association with willow. I. hirculus has been recorded growing near I. saliceticola, but can be differentiated both macroscopically and microscopically; the mushrooms of I. hirculus have a much more fibrillose cap, and the stem does not join a bulb, while the spores are larger. Macroscopically, I. rivularis, which could grow in similar habitats to that of I. saliceticola, produces larger mushrooms and has powder only towards the top of the stem. It also differs microscopically.[5]

Distribution and habitat

I. saliceticola has been recorded in Finland and Sweden.

Inocybe saliceticola grows in a

I. lacera var. helobia.[10]

Inocybe saliceticola has been recorded in several locations around Finland, ranging from the hemiboreal zones in the east and the south of the country, to boreal areas in the north, and it has also been found in Sweden, close to the Klarälven.[11] At least in North Karelia, Finland, it is relatively common in the right habitats.[10] It is one of over 150 species of Inocybe found in the Nordic countries,[3] and fruit bodies can be encountered between late July and early October.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Inocybe salicis". MycoBank. The International Mycological Association. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
  2. ^ "Inocybe saliceticola Vauras & Kokkonen". Index Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
  3. ^ a b Vauras and Kokkonen 2009, p. 57.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Vauras and Kokkonen 2009, p. 58.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Vauras and Kokkonen 2009, p. 66.
  6. ^ Kobayashi and Courtecuisse 2000, p. 166.
  7. ^ Matheny et al. 2002, table 1.
  8. ^ Matheny et al. 2002, p. 697; Ryberg et al., p. 440.
  9. ^ Vauras and Kokkonen 2009, pp. 58, 60.
  10. ^ a b c d Vauras and Kokkonen 2009, p. 60.
  11. ^ Vauras and Kokkonen 2009, pp. 60, 62.

Bibliography

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