Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as: technological university, technical university, university of technology, technological educational institute, technical college, polytechnic university, polytechnic school, or just polytechnic) is an institution of
Institutes of technology versus polytechnics
The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after
In several countries, like Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Turkey and Taiwan, institutes of technology are institutions of
In countries like Iran, Finland, Malaysia, Portugal, Singapore or the United Kingdom, there is often a significant and confused distinction between polytechnics and universities. In the UK, a binary system of higher education emerged consisting of universities (research orientation) and polytechnics (engineering and applied science and professional practice orientation). Polytechnics offered university equivalent degrees mainly in
In a number of countries, although being today generally considered similar institutions of higher learning across many countries, polytechnics and institutes of technology used to have a quite different statute among each other, its teaching competences and organizational history. In many cases, "polytechnic" were elite technological universities concentrating on applied science and engineering and may also be a former designation for a vocational institution, before it has been granted the exclusive right to award academic degrees and can be truly called an "institute of technology". A number of polytechnics providing higher education is simply a result of a formal upgrading from their original and historical role as intermediate technical education schools. In some situations, former polytechnics or other non-university institutions have emerged solely through an administrative change of statutes, which often included a name change with the introduction of new designations like "institute of technology", "polytechnic university", "
Institutes by country
Argentina
In the so-called
Australia
- 1970s–1990s
During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both
- 1990s–today
Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded technical and further education (TAFE) institutes. A recent example is the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE.[9] These primarily offer vocational education, although some like Melbourne Polytechnic are expanding into higher education offering vocationally oriented applied bachelor's degrees. This usage of the term is most prevalent historically in NSW and the ACT. The new terminology is apt given that this category of institution are becoming very much like the institutes of the 1970s–1990s period.
In 2009, the old college system in Tasmania and TAFE Tasmania have started a 3-year restructure to become the Tasmanian Polytechnic www.polytechnic.tas.edu.au, Tasmanian Skills Institute www.skillsinstitute.tas.edu.au and Tasmanian Academy www.academy.tas.edu.au
In the higher education sector, there are seven designated universities of technology in Australia (though, note, not all use the phrase "university of technology", such as the Universities of Canberra and South Australia, which used to be Colleges of Advanced Education before transitioning into fully-fledged universities with the ability – most important of all – to confer doctorates):
- Curtin University, Western Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Queensland
- Victoria
- Victoria
- University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
- University of South Australia, South Australia
- University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales
Austria
- Universities of technology
These institutions are entitled to confer
- Graz University of Technology (13,454 students, founded 1811, Hochschule since 1865, doctoral degrees since 1901, university since 1975)
- TU Wien (27,923 students, founded 1815, Hochschule since 1872, doctoral degrees since 1901, university since 1975)
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna focused on agriculture (12,500 students, founded as Hochschule in 1872, doctoral degrees since 1906, university since 1975)
- University of Leoben specialized in mining, metallurgy and materials (4,030 students, founded 1840, Hochschule since 1904, doctoral degrees since 1906, university since 1975)
- Research institutions
These institutions focus only on research.
- Austrian Institute of Technology (founded 1956)
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (founded 2007)
- Technical faculties at universities
Several universities have faculties of technology that are entitled to confer habilitation and doctoral degrees and which focus on research.
- Johannes Kepler University Linz (Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences founded 1965, university since 1975)
- University of Innsbruck (Faculty of Civil Engineering founded 1969)
- Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt(Faculty of Technical Sciences founded 2007)
- Fachhochschulen
Fachhochschule is a German type of tertiary education institution and adopted later in Austria and Switzerland. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.
In 2010, there were 20 Fachhochschulen in Austria[10]
Bangladesh
There are some public engineering universities in Bangladesh:
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
- Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology(CUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology, Chittagong.
- Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology, Khulna
- Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology, Rajshahi.
- Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology (DUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology, Dhaka.
There are some general, technological and specialized universities in Bangladesh offer engineering programs:
- University of Chittagong. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology.
- University of Dhaka. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology.
- University of Khulna. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology.
- University of Rajshahi. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology.
- Islamic University, Bangladesh (IU). Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology.
- Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology.
- Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTEX). Specialized institution that offers various engineering programs with its interdisciplinary curricula.
There are some private engineering universities in Bangladesh:
- Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST)
- Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST)
There is only one international engineering university in Bangladesh:
There are numerous private and other universities as well as science and technology universities providing engineering education. Most prominent are:
- American International University-Bangladesh
- Bangladesh University of Business and Technology. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology.
- North South University
- International Islamic University Chittagong
- East West University
- BRAC University
- Independent University, Bangladesh
- European University of Bangladesh
There are numerous government-funded as well as private polytechnic institutes, engineering colleges and science and technology institutes providing engineering education. Most prominent are:
- Bangladesh Institute of Glass and Ceramics
- Dhaka Polytechnic Institute
- Chittagong Polytechnic Institute
- Bangladesh Survey Institute
- Govt. Arts Graphics Institute
- Bangladesh Institute of Marine Technology
- Mymensingh Engineering College
- Narayangonj Technical School and College
Belarus
- Minsk, Belarus)
- Minsk, Belarus)
- Minsk, Belarus)
- Brest State Technical University (Brest, Belarus)
- Gomel, Belarus)
- Vitebsk, Belarus)
Belgium and the Netherlands
In the Netherlands, there are four technical universities, jointly known as 4TU:
- Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)
- Eindhoven University of Technology (TU Eindhoven)
- Universiteit Twente(U Twente)
- Wageningen University(Wageningen U)
In Belgium and in the Netherlands, Hogescholen or Hautes écoles (also translated into colleges, university colleges or universities of applied science) are applied institutes of higher education that do not award doctorates and do not focus on research but some research does happen. They are generally limited to Bachelor-level education, with degrees called professional bachelors, and only minor Master's programmes. The hogeschool thus has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland. A list of all hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might be called polytechnics, can be found at the end of this list.
Brazil
Federal:
- Federal Centers for Technological Education (CEFET)
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFET)
- Federal Technological University of Paraná
Service academy:
Private:
State:
- Sao Paulo State Technological College
Bulgaria
- Technical University of Gabrovo
- Technical University of Sofia
- Technical University of Varna
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
Cambodia
In Cambodia, there are institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: certificates, diplomas and degrees. Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes and universities tend to be independent institutions.
- Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes
- Phnom Penh, Cambodia)
- Phnom Penh, Cambodia)
- Universities
- Phnom Penh, Cambodia)
Canada
In Canada, there are affiliate schools,
Credentials are typically conferred at the undergraduate level; however, university-affiliated schools like the École de technologie supérieure and the École Polytechnique de Montréal (both of which are located in Quebec), also offer graduate and postgraduate programs, in accordance with provincial higher education guidelines. Canadian higher education institutions, at all levels, undertake directed and applied research with financing allocated through public funding, private equity, or industry sources.
Some of Canada's most well-known colleges and polytechnic institutions also partake in collaborative institute-industry projects, leading to technology commercialization, made possible through the scope of Polytechnics Canada, a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology.
- Affiliate schools
- Montreal, Quebec)
- Montreal, Quebec)
- Colleges
- Ottawa, Ontario)
- Conestoga College (Kitchener, Ontario)
- Toronto, Ontario)
- Humber College (Toronto)
- Winnipeg, Manitoba, offering degrees)
- Seneca Polytechnic(Toronto)
- St. Clair College (Windsor)
- Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes
- Burnaby, British Columbia)
- Kwantlen Polytechnic University (polytechnic university in Surrey, British Columbia)
- Edmonton, Alberta)
- Toronto, Ontario) – The former Ryerson University was one of the originators of applied education in Ontario and Canada. It dropped the term "polytechnic" in 1993 when it was able to grant master's and doctoral degrees, using the term "university" instead and changed the name of some degree designations to bring it in line with other traditional research universities.
- Saskatoon, Saskatchewan)
- Sheridan College (polytechnic institute in Oakville, Ontario)
- Calgary, Alberta)
- Red Deer Polytechnic (RDP; polytechnic institute in Red Deer, Alberta)
- Oshawa, Ontario)
China
China's modern higher education began in 1895 with the Imperial Tientsin University which was a polytechnic plus a law department. Liberal arts were not offered until three years later at Capital University. To this day, about half of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical. Harbin Institute of Technology is among the best engineering school in China and the world.[11][12][13]
Chile
- Federico Santa María Technical University (UTFSM), currently the only active technical university / Institute of technology in Chile, founded initially in 1931 as School of Crafts and Arts and School of Engineering José Miguel Carrera, 18,000 students
Costa Rica
- The National Technical University (UTN) founded in 2008 by merging several trade and craftsmanship schools, it is a polytechnic.
- The Cartago province, it is an institute of technology.
Croatia
In Croatia there are many polytechnic institutes and colleges that offer a polytechnic education. The law about polytechnic education in Croatia was passed in 1997.
Czech Republic
- Technical universities
- Brno University of Technology (VUT), founded in 1899, 24,000 students
- Collegium Nobilium in Olomouc, 1725–1847
- Czech Technical University in Prague (ČVUT), college founded in 1707, university since 1806, 23,000 students, belongs to the oldest technical universities in the world
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (ČZU), founded in 1904, focused on agriculture, 18,000 students
- Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague(VŠCHT), founded in 1952, 3,000 student
- Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), founded in 1919, focused on agriculture, 9,000 students
- Technical University of Liberec (TUL), founded in 1953, 8,000 students
- Technical University of Ostrava(VŠB TUO), founded in 1849, 22,000 students
- Tomáš Baťa University in Zlín (UTB), founded in 2000, 10,000 students
- Research institutions
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic(AV ČR), dates back to 1784, 14,000 research staff altogether
- Technical faculties at universities
- Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem (Faculty of Production Technology and Management, University founded in 1991)
- University of Pardubice (Faculty of Chemical Technology since 1950, Jan Perner Faculty of Transportation since 1991, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Informatics since 2002)
- University of West Bohemia (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering; University founded in 1991)
Denmark
- Technical University of Denmark, founded in 1829 by Hans Christian Ørsted
Dominican Republic
- Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo
- Universidad Tecnológica de Santiago
Ecuador
EPN is known for research and education in the applied science,
One of the oldest observatories in South America is the Quito Astronomical Observatory. It was founded in 1873 and is located 12 minutes south of the Equator in Quito, Ecuador. The Quito Astronomical Observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador and is located in the Historic Center of Quito and is managed by the National Polytechnic School.[16][17]
The Nuclear Science Department at EPN is the only one in Ecuador and has the large infrastructure, related to irradiation facilities like
Egypt
- Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (AIET)
- Higher Technological Institute
- Institute of Aviation Engineering and Technology
Estonia
- Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), a public research university
- Tallinn University of Applied Sciences, a public vocational university
- Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, a private institution in Tallinn
Finland
- Universities of technology
Universities of technology are categorised as universities, are allowed to grant B.Sc. (Tech.), Diplomi-insinööri M.Sc. (Tech.), Lic.Sc. (Tech.), Ph.D. and D.Sc. (Tech.) degrees and roughly correspond to Instituts de technologie of French-speaking areas and Technische Universität of Germany in prestige. In addition to universities of technology, some universities, e.g. University of Oulu and Åbo Akademi University, are allowed to grant the B.Sc. (tech.), M.Sc. (tech.) and D.Sc. (Tech.) degrees.
Universities of technology are academically similar to other (non-polytechnic) universities. Prior to Bologna process, M.Sc. (Tech.) required 180 credits, whereas M.Sc. from a normal university required 160 credits. The credits between universities of technology and normal universities are comparable.
Some Finnish universities of technology are:
- Aalto University formed from Helsinki University of Technology and other universities
- Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT
- Polytechnics
Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland.
Some recognized Finnish polytechnics are:
- Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
- Lapland University of Applied Sciences
- Tampere University of Applied Sciences
- Turku University of Applied Sciences
A complete list may be found in List of polytechnics in Finland.
France and Francophone regions
- Instituts de technologie (grandes écoles)
- Arts et Métiers ParisTech
- Centrale Graduate School
- Grenoble Institute of Technology
- Institut national des sciences appliquées
- Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace
- Paris Institute of Technology
- ESTIA Institute of Technology
They provide science and technology master's degrees and doctoral degrees.
- Universités technologiques / instituts universitaires de technologie / polytechs
The universities of technology (
They possess the advantage of combining all the assets of the engineering
This network includes three institutions:
- The University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard (Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard or UTBM)
- The University of Technology of Compiègne (Université de Technologie de Compiègne or UTC)
- The University of Technology of Troyes (Université de Technologie de Troyes or UTT)
In addition, France's education system includes many institutes of technology, embedded within most French universities. They are referred-to as
In the French-speaking part of Switzerland exists also the term haute école specialisée for a type of institution called Fachhochschule in the German-speaking part of the country. (see below).
- Écoles polytechniques
Higher education systems, that are influenced by the French education system set at the end of the 18th century, use a terminology derived by reference to the French École polytechnique. Such terms include Écoles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Politécnica (Brasil, Spain), Polytechnicum (Eastern Europe).
In French language, higher education refers to écoles polytechniques, providing science and engineering curricula:
- École polytechnique or X (near Paris)
- École polytechnique de Bruxelles
- École polytechnique de Montréal
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
- National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine
- National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse
Germany
- Fachhochschule
Fachhochschulen were first founded in the early 1970s. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.
In 2009/10, there existed about 200 Fachhochschulen in Germany.[18] See the German Wikipedia for a list.
- Technische Universität
Technische Universität (abbreviation: TU) is the common term for universities of technology or technical university. These institutions can grant habilitation and doctoral degrees and focus on research.
The nine largest and most renowned Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed
There are 20 universities of technology in Germany with about 290,000 students enrolled. The three states of Bremen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein do not have a Technische Universität. Saxony and Lower Saxony have the highest counts of TUs, while in Saxony three out of four universities are universities of technology.
Name | Land | Foundation | Students | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
RWTH Aachen University | North Rhine-Westphalia | 1870 | 44,517 | member of TU9 |
Berlin Institute of Technology |
Berlin | 1770 | 34,428 | member of TU9 |
Brandenburg University of Technology | Brandenburg | 1991 | 6,400 | in Cottbus |
Technische Universität Braunschweig (Braunschweig University of Technology) Carolo-Wilhelmina |
Lower Saxony | 1745 | 20,000 | member of TU9, oldest TU in Germany |
Chemnitz University of Technology | Saxony | 1836 | 10,850 | |
Clausthal University of Technology | Lower Saxony | 1775 | 4,080 | |
Technische Universität Darmstadt (Darmstadt University of Technology) | Hesse | 1877 | 23,100 | member of TU9 |
Technische Universität Dresden (Dresden University of Technology) |
Saxony | 1828 | 36,534 | member of TU9 |
Technical University of Dortmund (TU Dortmund University) | North Rhine-Westphalia | 1968 | 24,873 | |
Freiberg University of Mining and Technology | Saxony | 1765 | 5,000 | the world's oldest university of mining |
Technische Universität Hamburg (University of Technology Hamburg) |
Hamburg | 1978 | 7,600 | |
HafenCity Universität Hamburg (HafenCity University Hamburg) | Hamburg | 2006 | 2,500 | |
Leibniz University Hannover | Lower Saxony | 1831 | 26,035 | member of TU9 |
Technische Universität Ilmenau | Thuringia | 1894 | 7,200 | |
Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau | Rhineland-Palatinate | 1970 | 20,000 | |
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Fridericiana |
Baden-Württemberg | 1825 | 22,552 | member of TU9 |
Technische Universität München |
Bavaria | 1868 | 38,000 | member of TU9 |
University of Stuttgart | Baden-Württemberg | 1829 | 22,632 | member of TU9 |
Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg | Saxony-Anhalt | 1993 | 12,833 | |
University of Technology Nuremberg | Bavaria | 2021 | 8 | under construction |
Greece
Greece has Technical Universities (also known as Polytechnic Universities) with 5 years of study legally equivalent to Bachelor's and master's degree 300 ECTS, ISCED 7 and has the full professional rights of the Engineer. and had Technological Educational Institutes (TEIs) (1982–2019) also known as Higher Educational Institute of Technology, Technological Institute, Institute of Technology (provides at least 4-year undergraduate degree qualification πτυχίο, Latinised version: Ptychion, in line with the Bologna Process legally equivalent to Bachelor's honours degree 240 ECTS, ISCED 6. Previoulsy it was three and a half years studies from 1983 to 1995, 210 ECTS). All the Technical Universities and Technological Educational Institutes are Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with university title (UT) and degree awarding powers (DAPs). TEIs existed from 1983 to 2019; they were reformed between 2013 and 2019 and their departments incorporated into existing higher education institutions (HEIs).
The two Polytechnic Universities (Technical Universities) in Greece (Greek: Πολυτεχνείο) are the National Technical University of Athens and the Technical University of Crete.[19] However, many other universities have a faculty of engineering that provides an equivalent diploma of engineerings with an integrated master and the full professional rights as well.
Many TEIs that got dismantled created engineering faculty with 5 years of study and 300 ECTS, ISCED 6. But those faculty are not under the general term of Polytechnics nor they have an integrated master's degree yet waiting evaluation[20] to be characterised as equivalent. These have been named School of Engineers for the time being and not Technical Universities or Polytechnic.[21]
In Greece, all Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are public university owned and government-funded, with free education undergraduate programmes that can be attended without any payment of tuition fee. About 1 out of 4 (one-fourth of) HEIs postgraduate programmes are offered free without any payment of tuition fee, especially about a 30% percentage of students can be entitled without tuition fee to attend all the HEIs statutory tuition fee postgraduate programmes after they be assessed on an individual basis of determined criteria as set out in the Ministry of Education.
Hong Kong
The first polytechnic in Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards diplomas, higher diplomas, as well as academic degrees. Like the United Kingdom, the two polytechnics were granted university status in 1994 and renamed The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the City University of Hong Kong respectively. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, a university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business, was founded in 1991.
Hungary
The world's first
- University of Miskolc re-established in 1949 as Technical University of Heavy Industry in Miskolc and in 1990 as University of Miskolc. The university is the successor of the University of Mining and Metallurgy of Selmecbánya (est. as Bergshule 1735).[27][28][29][30]
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, one of the oldest institute of technology of the world is located in Budapest (est. 1782). The BME was the first University in Europe to award engineering degrees.[31]
- University of Debrecen – Faculty of Engineering
- University of Dunaújváros
- Pallasz Athéné University – GAMF
- University of Nyíregyháza – Institute of Technical and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Sopron
- University of Szeged – Faculty of Engineering
- Szent István University
- Széchenyi István University
- University of Pannonia
- University of Pécs – Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
- Óbuda University
India
There are
The authority controlling technical education, other than the Institutes of National Importance, in India is All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and National Board of Accreditation (NBA).[32][33]
Indonesia
There are four public institutes of technology in Indonesia that are owned by the government of Indonesia. Other than that, there are hundreds of other institutes that are owned by private or other institutions.
Four public institutes are:
- Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung
- Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya
- Kalimantan Institute of Technology, Balikpapan
- Sumatera Institute of Technology, Bandar Lampung
Public state-owned polytechnics also available and provides vocational education offers either three-year Diploma degrees, which is similar to an associate degree or four-year bachelor's degree in applied sciences (Indonesian: Sarjana Terapan). The more advanced vocational Master's are also available and doctoral degrees are still in progress.
Some notable polytechnics in Indonesia includes State Polytechnic of Jakarta, State Polytechnic of Bandung, State Polytechnic of Malang, State Electronics Polytechnic of Surabaya, and State Naval and Shipbuilding Polytechnic of Surabaya. These polytechnics are known to be departed from Indonesian prestigious universities and institute of technologies, e.g. the State Polytechnic of Jakarta was departed from the University of Indonesia while both Surabaya Polytechnics were departed from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology.
Iran
There are 18 technological universities in Iran.
- Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran
- Sharif University of Technology, Tehran
- Technical and Vocational University, 172 branches in Iran
- Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran
- K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran
- Ahwaz
- Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan
- Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz
- Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz
- Arak University of Technology, Arak
- Urmia University of Technology, Urmia
- Babol University of Technology, Babol
- Shahrood
- Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan
- Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah
- Qom University of Technology, Qom
- Birjand University of Technology, Birjand
- Jondi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful
- Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan
Iraq
Ireland
An "Institute of Technology" was formerly referred to as Regional Technical College (RTCs) system. The abbreviation IT is now widely used to refer to an Institute of Technology. These institutions offer sub-degree, degree and masters level studies. Unlike the Irish university system an Institute of Technology also offers sub-degree programmes such as 2-year Higher Certificate programme in various academic fields of study. Some institutions have "delegated authority" that allows them to make doctoral awards in their own name, after authorisation by the Quality and Qualifications Ireland.
Dublin Institute of Technology developed separately from the Regional Technical College system and after several decades of association with the University of Dublin it acquired the authority to confer its own degrees before becoming a member ofTU Dublin.
The approval of Ireland's first
The Technological Higher Education Association is the representative body for the various Institutes of Technology in Ireland.[42]
Israel
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, ranked 38 in the world in 2010.
Italy
In Italy, the term "technical institute" generally refers to a secondary school which offers a five-year course granting the access to the university system.[43]
In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding bachelor, master and PhD degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north:
- Politecnico di Torino, established 1859;
- Politecnico di Milano, established 1863.
A third Politecnico was added in the south in 1990:
- Politecnico di Bari, established 1990.
However, many other universities have a faculty of engineering.
In 2003, the
Jamaica
- University of Technology, Jamaica, in Kingston, Jamaica
Japan
In Japan, an institute of technology (工業大学, kōgyō daigaku) is a type of university that specializes in the sciences. See also the Imperial College of Engineering, which was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty.
- National
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, 1929
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1949
- Muroran Institute of Technology, 1949
- Nagoya Institute of Technology, 1949
- Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1949
- University of Electro-Communications, 1949
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 1949
- Kitami Institute of Technology, 1966
- Nagaoka University of Technology, 1976
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science And Technology, 1986
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2006
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 2011
- Public
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, 1986
- Maebashi Institute of Technology, 1997
- Kochi University of Technology, 1997
- Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology, 2006
- Private
- Chiba Institute of Technology, 1942
- Osaka Institute of Technology, 1949
- Shibaura Institute of Technology, 1949
- Tokyo Polytechnic University, 1950
- Kobe Institute of Computing, 1958
- Aichi Institute of Technology, 1959
- Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 1963
- Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 1963
- Shonan Institute of Technology, 1963
- Tohoku Institute of Technology, 1964
- Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 1965
- Fukui University of Technology, 1965
- Nippon Institute of Technology, 1967
- Hokkaido Institute of Technology, 1967
- Ashikaga Institute of Technology, 1967
- Hachinohe Technical University, 1972
- Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1975
- Toyohashi University of Technology, 1976
- Saitama Institute of Technology, 1976
- Tokyo University of Technology, 1986
- Kobe Design University, 1989
- Tohoku University of Art and Design, 1991
- Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, 1991
- Niigata Institute of Technology, 1995
- Aichi University of Technology, 2000
Kenya
In Kenya, Technical Universities are special Universities that focus on technical and engineering courses and offer certifications in the same from Artisan, Craft, Diploma, Higher Diploma, Degree, Masters and Doctorate levels. They are former national polytechnics and are the only institutions of learning that offer the complete spectrum of tertiary education programs. They Include
- Technical University of Kenya, Formerly Kenya National Polytechnic in Nairobi
- Technical University of Mombasa, Formerly Mombasa National Polytechnic in Mombasa
Jordan
- Princess Sumaya University for Technology in Amman
- Jordan University of Science and Technology in Irbid
- Salt
- Tafila
Macau
The first polytechnic in
Malaysia
- Polytechnics
Polytechnics in Malaysia have been in operation since 1969. The institutions provide courses for bachelor's degree & Bachelor of Science (BSc), Advanced Diploma, Diploma and Special Skills Certificate. The first polytechnic in Malaysia, Politeknik Ungku Omar, was established by the Ministry of Education in 1969 with the help of UNESCO and the amount of RM24.5 million[vague] from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
At present[when?], Malaysia has 36 polytechnics all over the country providing engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses.
The following is a list of the polytechnics in Malaysia in order of establishment:
No. | Official name in Malay | Acronym | Foundation | Type | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Politeknik Ungku Omar | PUO | 1969 | Premier Polytechnic (University Status) | Ipoh, Perak |
2 | Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah | POLISAS | 1976 | Conventional Polytechnic | Kuantan, Pahang |
3 | Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah | POLIMAS | 1984 | Conventional Polytechnic | Jitra, Kedah |
4 | Politeknik Kota Bharu | PKB | 1985 | Conventional Polytechnic | Ketereh, Kelantan |
5 | Politeknik Kuching | PKS | 1987 | Conventional Polytechnic | Kuching, Sarawak |
6 | Politeknik Port Dickson | PPD | 1990 | Conventional Polytechnic | Si Rusa, Negeri Sembilan |
7 | Politeknik Kota Kinabalu | PKK | 1996 | Conventional Polytechnic | Kota Kinabalu, Sabah |
8 | Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah | PSA | 1997 | Premier Polytechnic (University Status) | Shah Alam, Selangor |
9 | Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan
|
PIS | 1998 | Premier Polytechnic (University Status) | Pasir Gudang, Johor |
10 | Politeknik Seberang Perai | PSP | 1998 | Conventional Polytechnic | Pulau Pinang
|
11 | Politeknik Melaka | PMK | 1999 | Conventional Polytechnic | Melaka
|
12 | Politeknik Kuala Terengganu | PKKT | 1999 | Conventional Polytechnic | Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu |
13 | Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin | PSMZA | 2001 | Conventional Polytechnic | Dungun, Terengganu
|
14 | Politeknik Merlimau | PMM | 2002 | Conventional Polytechnic | Melaka
|
15 | Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah | PSAS | 2002 | Conventional Polytechnic | Behrang, Perak
|
16 | Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah | PTSB | 2002 | Conventional Polytechnic | Kulim, Kedah
|
17 | Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah | PSIS | 2003 | Conventional Polytechnic | Sungai Air Tawar, Selangor |
18 | Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin | PTSS | 2003 | Conventional Polytechnic | Arau, Perlis |
19 | Politeknik Muadzam Shah | PMS | 2003 | Conventional Polytechnic | Muadzam Shah, Pahang |
20 | Politeknik Mukah | PMU | 2004 | Conventional Polytechnic | Mukah, Sarawak |
21 | Politeknik Balik Pulau | PBU | 2007 | Conventional Polytechnic | Pulau Pinang
|
22 | Politeknik Jeli | PJK | 2007 | Conventional Polytechnic | Jeli, Kelantan
|
23 | Politeknik Nilai | PNS | 2007 | Conventional Polytechnic | Nilai, Negeri Sembilan |
24 | Politeknik Banting | PBS | 2007 | Conventional Polytechnic | Kuala Langat, Selangor
|
25 | Politeknik Mersing | PMJ | 2008 | Conventional Polytechnic | Mersing, Johor |
26 | Politeknik Hulu Terengganu | PHT | 2008 | Conventional Polytechnic | Kuala Berang, Terengganu |
27 | Politeknik Sandakan | PSS | 2009 | Conventional Polytechnic | Sandakan, Sabah |
28 | Politeknik METrO Kuala Lumpur | PMKL | 2011 | METrO Polytechnic | Kuala Lumpur |
29 | Politeknik METrO Kuantan | PMKU | 2011 | METrO Polytechnic | Kuantan, Pahang |
30 | Politeknik METrO Johor Bahru | PMJB | 2011 | METrO Polytechnic | Johor Bahru, Johor |
31 | Politeknik METrO Betong | PMBS | 2012 | METrO Polytechnic | Betong, Sarawak |
32 | Politeknik METrO Tasek Gelugor | PMTG | 2012 | METrO Polytechnic | Pulau Pinang
|
33 | Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir | PTSN | 2014 | Conventional Polytechnic | Muar, Johor
|
34 | Politeknik Besut | PoliBesut | 2014 | Conventional Polytechnic | Besut, Terengganu |
35 | Politeknik Bagan Datuk | PBD | 2017 | Conventional Polytechnic | Bagan Datuk, Perak |
36 | Politeknik Tawau | PTS | 2017 | Conventional Polytechnic | Tawau, Sabah |
- Technical University
There are four technical universities in Malaysia and all are belongs to Malaysian Technical University Network:
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Perlis
- Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Mauritius
The only technical university in Mauritius is the University of Technology, Mauritius with its main campus situated in La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables. It has a specialized mission with a technology focus. It applies traditional and beyond traditional approaches to teaching, training, research and consultancy. The university has been founded with the aim to play a key role in the economic and social development of Mauritius through the development of programmes of direct relevance to the country's needs, for example in areas like technology, sustainable development science and public sector policy and management.
Mexico
In Mexico there are different Institutes and Colleges of Technology. Most of them are public institutions.
The National Technological Institute of Mexico (in Spanish: Tecnológico Nacional de México, TecNM) is a Mexican public university system created on 23 July 2014 by presidential decree with the purpose to unify 263 public institutes of technology that had been created since 1948 and are found all around Mexico.
Another important institute of technology in Mexico is the
Moldova
Nepal
- Institute of Engineering
- CTEVT, Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training
New Zealand
Since the 1990s, there has been consolidation in New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system. In the polytechnic sector: Wellington Polytechnic amalgamated with Massey University. The Central Institute of Technology explored a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology, which was abandoned, but later, after financial concerns, controversially amalgamated with Hutt Valley Polytechnic, which in turn became Wellington Institute of Technology. Some smaller polytechnics in the North Island, such as Waiarapa Polytechnic, amalgamated with UCOL. (The only other amalgamations have been in the colleges of education.)
The
In mid-February 2019, the Minister of Education Minister Chris Hipkins proposed merging the country's sixteen polytechnics into a "NZ Institute of Skills and Technology" in response to deficits and a decline in domestic enrollments. This was commenced with branding changes to 20 establishments in 2022 in preparation of their merger into Te Pūkenga[44]
Nigeria
Virtually, every state in
Pakistan
The polytechnic institutes in
These institutes are located throughout Pakistan and started in early 1950s.
After successfully completion of diploma at a polytechnic, students can either get employment or enroll in Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and Bachelor of Engineering (BE) degree programs.
Universities of Engineering & Technology in Pakistan offer
Palestine
University College of Applied Sciences (UCAS) is a technical college in Gaza founded in 1998. The College offers undergraduate degrees in several unique specializations such as education technology, technological management and planning, and geographic information systems
Philippines
- Mapúa University, the premier engineering school of the Philippines. Being an internationally accredited engineering school, it consistently tops various board exams for engineering students in the Philippines.
- FEU Institute of Technology, a premier engineering school known for its technological academic teaching and board topnotchers operating under the Far Eastern Universitysystem.
- Mindanao State University–Iligan Institute of Technology, the premier state university in the southern Philippines and the science and technology flagship campus of the Mindanao State University System (the second biggest university system in the Philippines after the University of the Philippines).
- Technological University of the Philippines, the premier state university of technology education in the Philippines.
- Technological Institute of the Philippines, an engineering school with an international accreditation.
- Bicol University, center in teaching excellence, offers IT courses and a well known university.
- Cebu Institute of Technology – University, a premier engineering school, this university is known to have high selectivity in admissions as well as excellence in engineering research and education.
- Cebu Technological University
- Polytechnic University of the Philippines, a state university in the Philippines that consistently tops various board exams for engineering students in the Philippines, also referred to as the National Comprehensive University of the Philippines.
- Quezon City Polytechnic University, a local university, this university is well known in engineering, IT and technical education.
- Rizal Technological University, the only university that offers degree courses in astronomy.
Poland
Politechnika (translated as a "technical university" or "university of technology") is the designation of a technical university in Poland. Here are some of the larger polytechnics in Poland:
- Politechnika Śląska
- Politechnika Wrocławska
- Politechnika Warszawska
- Politechnika Poznańska
- Politechnika Krakowska
- Politechnika Gdańska
- Politechnika Łódzka
- Politechnika Białostocka
- Politechnika Lubelska
Other polytechnic universities:
- Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza
- Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy(University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz)
- Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny (West Pomeranian University of Technology)
Portugal
Till recently, there was a Technical University of Lisbon (UTL). It included several of the most prestigious schools, including, an engineering school (Instituto Superior Tecnico) and one of the most ancient business schools in the world (ISEG Lisbon). But UTL merged with the University of Lisbon. In this field, here are also a number of non-university
Since the implementation of
Romania
- Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1864
- Polytechnic University of Timișoara, 1920
- Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași, 1937
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 1948
- Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, 1948
- Oil & Gas University of Ploieşti, 1948
- University of Petroşani, 1948
- Technical Military Academy of Bucharest, 1949
Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University
- Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University
- Novosibirsk State Technical University
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Moscow Polytechnic University
Singapore
Polytechnics in Singapore do not offer bachelor's, master's degrees or doctorate. However, Polytechnics in Singapore offer three-year diploma courses in fields ranging from applied sciences to business, information technology, humanities, social sciences, and other vocational fields such as engineering and nursing. There are five polytechnics in Singapore: Singapore Polytechnic, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Temasek Polytechnic, Nanyang Polytechnic and Republic Polytechnic.
The Polytechnic diploma certification in Singapore is equivalent to an associate degree obtainable at the community colleges in the United States. A Polytechnic diploma in Singapore is also known to be parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution, thus, Polytechnic graduates in Singapore have the privilege of being granted transfer credits or module exemptions when they apply to a local or overseas universities, depending on the university's policies on transfer credits.
The only university in Singapore with the term "institute of technology", most notably the Singapore Institute of Technology were developed in 2009 as an option for Polytechnic graduates who desire to pursue a bachelor's degree. Other technological universities in Singapore includes the Nanyang Technological University and the Singapore University of Technology and Design.
Slovakia
- Slovak University of Technologyin Bratislava
The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in
- Technical University of Košice
- University of Žilina
- Technical University in Zvolen
- Trenčín University in Trenčín
- Dubnica Technology Institute
South Africa
In South Africa, there was a division between universities and technikons (polytechnics), as well between institutions servicing particular racial and language groupings.
By the mid-2000s, former technikons have either been merged with traditional universities to form comprehensive universities or have become universities of technology; however, the universities of technology have not to date acquired all of the traditional rights and privileges of a university (such as the ability to confer a wide range of degrees).[45]
Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
Sri Lanka
- University of Moratuwa
- Institute of Technology, University of Moratuwa
- University of Vocational Technology
- Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
- Technical College
Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
- Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg
- The Institute of Technology at Linköping University, Linköping
- Faculty of Engineering (LTH), Lund University, Lund
- Luleå University of Technology, Luleå
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Blekinge
Switzerland
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich(ETH Zurich)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Taiwan
The question of Taiwanese college education is, the students either from high school (the aims is to go to normal college) or tech high school(the aims is to go to work or technology university), almost all of the students take the same test(the score can go to two kinds of school), and the school would not care what kind of high school you are from.
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- National Taichung University of Science and Technology
- National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
- National Formosa University
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
Thailand
Most of Thailand's institutes of technology were developed from
There are two former institutes of technology, which already changed their name to "University of Technology": Rajamangala University of Technology (formerly Institute of Technology and Vocational Education) and King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Thonburi Technology Institute).
Institutes of technology with different origins are
Turkey
In Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, the oldest technical university is Istanbul Technical University. Its graduates contributed to a wide variety of activities in scientific research and development. In the 1950s, two technical universities were opened in Ankara and Trabzon. In recent years, Yıldız University is reorganized as Yıldız Technical University and two institutes of technology were founded in Kocaeli and İzmir. In 2010, another technical university named Bursa Technical University was founded in Bursa. Moreover, a sixth technical university is about to be opened in Konya named Konya Technical University.
Name | City | Foundation | Students | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Istanbul Technical University (ITU) | Istanbul | 1773 | 21000 | Ranked 108th in THES QS University ranking in the field of technology
|
Yıldız Technical University (YTU) | Istanbul | 1911 | 21000 | |
Karadeniz Technical University (KTU) | Trabzon | 1955 | First technical university in Turkey outside Istanbul | |
Middle East Technical University (ODTU) | Ankara | 1956 | 23000 | |
Gebze Institute of Technology (GYTE) |
Kocaeli | 1992 | ||
İzmir Institute of Technology (IYTE) | İzmir | 1992 | ||
Bursa Technical University (BTU) | Bursa | 2010 | ||
Erzurum Technical University (ETU) | Erzurum | 2010 | ||
Adana Science and Technology University (ABTU) |
Adana | 2011 | ||
Eskişehir Technical University (ESTU) | Eskişehir | 2018 | 12000+ | ESTU is the first university which contains an airport in the world. |
-
Istanbul Technical University Suleyman Demirel Cultural Center, Istanbul
-
Yıldız Technical University, located in Beşiktaş district of Istanbul
-
Statue of Tree of Science by the main entrance to Middle East Technical University campus in Ankara
-
A-1 Building, İzmir Institute of Technology Teknopark, İzmir
-
Entrance of mechanical engineering department, Karadeniz Technical University, located in Trabzon
Ukraine
- Donbas State Technical University
- Donetsk National Technical University
- Kyiv Polytechnic Institute
- Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute
- Lviv Polytechnic
United Kingdom
Institutes of Technology
The UK Government defines institutes of technology as "Business-led Institutes of Technology [that] offer higher level technical education to help close skills gaps in key STEM areas".[48] They deliver qualifications from level 3 (T-levels) to level 7 (master's degrees). The government is investing £300 million in developing a network of 21 institutes of technology across England, with 19 open as of September 2023[update] and two further institutes expected to open in September 2024.[49]
Polytechnics
Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as central institutions.
From 1965 to 1992, UK polytechnics operated under the
Britain's first polytechnic, the
The designation "institute of technology" was occasionally used by polytechnics (Bolton),
Polytechnics were granted university status under the
Technical colleges
In 1956, some colleges of technology received the designation college of advanced technology. They became universities in 1966 meaning they could award their own degrees.
Institutions called "technical institutes" or "technical schools" that were formed in the early 20th century provided further education between high school and university or polytechnic. Most technical institutes have been merged into regional colleges and some have been designated university colleges if they are associated with a local university.
United States
Polytechnic institutes in the USA are technological universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of American universities include the phrases "Institute of Technology", "Polytechnic Institute", "Polytechnic University" or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally research-intensive universities with a focus on engineering, science and technology. The earliest of these institutions include: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1824), Rochester Institute of Technology (1829), Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute (1854), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1861) and Worcester Polytechnic Institute (1865). Conversely, schools dubbed "technical colleges" or "technical institutes" generally provide post-secondary training in technical and mechanical fields, focusing on training vocational skills primarily at a community college level, parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first two years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution.
Venezuela
Institutes of technology in Venezuela were developed in the 1950s as an option for post-secondary education in technical and scientific courses, after the polytechnic French concepts. At that time, technical education was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy.
Nowadays, most of the Institutos de Tecnología are privately run businesses, with varying degrees of quality.
Most of these institutes award diplomas after three or three and a half years of education. The institute of technology implementation (IUT, from Spanish: Instituto universitario de tecnologia) began with the creation of the first IUT at Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela, called IUT. Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie"s system, using French personnel and study system based on three-year periods, with research and engineering facilities at the same level as the main national universities to obtain French equivalent degrees. This IUT is the first and only one in Venezuela having French equivalent degrees accepted, implementing this system and observing the high-level degrees some other IUTs were created in Venezuela, regardless of this the term IUT was not used appropriately resulting in some institutions with mediocre quality and no equivalent degree in France. Later, some private institutions sprang up using IUT in their names, but they are not regulated by the original French system and award lower quality degrees.
Vietnam
- Da Nang University of Technology
- FPT University
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
- Le Quy Don Technical University
- VNU University of Engineering and Technology
See also
- Comparison of US and UK Education
- Engineer's degree
- List of forestry universities and colleges
- List of institutions using the term "institute of technology" or "polytechnic"
- List of schools of mines
- Secondary Technical School
- University of Science and Technology
- Vocational university
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External links
- Fitch, Joshua Girling; Garnett, William (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.).