Integral humanism (India)
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Integral humanism was a set of concepts drafted by
The creation and adoption of these concepts helped to suit the major discourses in the Indian political arena of 1960s and 1970s. This highlighted efforts to portray the Jan Sangh and Hindu nationalist movement as a high profile right fringe of the Indian political mainstream. A major change here in compared to Golwalkar's works was the use of the word "Bhartiya" which Richard Fox had translated as "Hindian", combination of Hindu Indian. Due to the official secularism in politics, it had become impossible to invoke explicit reference to "Hindu" and the usage of the word Bhartiya allowed to circumvent this political reality.[3]
Upadhyaya considered that it was of utmost importance for India to develop an indigenous economic model with the human being at center stage. This approach made this concept different[
Philosophy
According to Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya, the primary concern in India should be to develop an indigenous development model that has human beings as its core focus.[3]
It is opposed to both western
Four objectives of humankind
Humankind, according to Upadhyaya, had four hierarchically organized attributes of
Rejection of individualism
Upadhyaya rejected social systems in which individualism 'reigned supreme'. He also rejected communism in which individualism was 'crushed' as part of a 'large heartless machine'. Society, according to Upadhyaya, rather than arising from a social contract between individuals, was fully born at its inception itself as a natural living organism with a definitive 'national soul' or 'ethos' and its needs of the social organism paralleled those of the individual.[7]
Origins
Advaita Vedanta
Upadhyaya was of the opinion that Integral Humanism followed the tradition of
Mahatma Gandhi
Integral humanism is almost an exact paraphrase of
Integral humanism contains visions organized around two themes: morality in politics and
Contrast with Nehruvian economic policies
Upadhyaya rejects
See also
- Integral humanism (Maritain)
- Integralism
- Traditionalist conservatism
- Hindu nationalism
- Hindutva
References
- ^ Hansen 1999, p. 84.
- ISBN 978-1134239788.
- ^ a b c d Hansen 1999, p. 85.
- ^ "Philosophy". Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ Gosling 2001, p. 124.
- ^ Téatreault & Denemark 2004, p. 122.
- ^ a b Bhatt 2001, p. 155.
- ^ Bhatt 2001, p. 154-155.
- ^ Nanda 2003, p. 217.
- ^ Marty 1993, p. 418.
- ^ Malik 1994, p. 16.
Sources
- Gosling, David (2001). Religion and ecology in India and southeast Asia. London New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24030-1.
- Hansen, Thomas (1999). The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu nationalism in modern India. NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Bhatt, Chetan (2001). Hindu nationalism origins, ideologies, and modern myths. Oxford New York: Berg. ISBN 1-85973-343-3.
- Nanda, Meera (2003). Prophets facing backward: postmodern critiques of science and Hindu nationalism in India. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3357-0.
- Malik, Yogendra (1994). Hindu nationalists in India : the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Boulder: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-8810-4.
- Téatreault, Mary; Denemark, Robert A. (2004). Gods, guns, and globalization : religious radicalism and international political economy. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 1-58826-253-7.
- Marty, Martin (1993). Fundamentalisms and the state : remaking polities, economies, and militance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-50884-9.
- Koertge, Noretta (2005). Scientific values and civic virtues. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517224-9.
Further reading
- Two Extracts from Integral Humanism from Jaffrelot, Christophe (2007). Hindu nationalism a reader (in Czech). Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13097-2.
External links
