Intergovernmentalism

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In international relations, intergovernmentalism treats states (and national governments in particular) as the primary actors in the integration process. Intergovernmentalist approaches claim to be able to explain both periods of radical change in the European Union because of converging governmental preferences and periods of inertia because of diverging national interests.

Intergovernmentalism is distinguishable from realism and neorealism because it recognized the significance of institutionalisation in international politics and the impact of domestic politics upon governmental preferences.

Regional integration

European integration

See also: European integration and Community method

The best-known example of regional integration is the

EU citizens
.

The EU has developed a

trade,[8] agriculture,[9] fisheries and regional development.[10]

A monetary union, the

G-20
.

Intergovernmentalism represents a way for limiting the conferral of powers upon supranational institutions, halting the emergence of common policies. In the current institutional system of the EU, the European Council and the Council play the role of the institutions which have the last word about decisions and policies of the EU, institutionalizing a de facto intergovernmental control over the EU as a whole, with the possibility to give more power to a small group of states. This extreme consequence can create the condition of supremacy of someone over someone else violating the principle of a "Union of Equals".[11]

African integration

The African Union (AU, or, in its other official languages, UA) is a continental intergovernmental union, similar but less integrated to the EU, consisting of 54 African states. The AU was presented on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and officially founded on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa to replace the Organisation of African Unity (OAU).[12] The most important decisions of the AU are made by the Assembly of the African Union, a semi-annual meeting of the heads of state and government of its member states. The AU's secretariat, the African Union Commission, is based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Basic information on the European Union". European Union. europa.eu. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
  2. ^ "European". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 3 October 2011. 5 b. spec. Designating a developing series of economic and political unions between certain countries of Europe from 1952 onwards, as European Economic Community, European Community, European Union
  3. ^ "European Union". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 1 July 2009. international organisation comprising 27 European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies ...
  4. ^ "European Union". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
  5. ISBN 90-6704-285-4. Retrieved 25 July 2011. In practical terms, the EU is perhaps still best characterised as a 'supranational organisation' sui generis
    ': this term has proved relatively uncontroversial in respect of national constitutional sensitivities, being at the same time capable of embracing new facets of integration
  6. ^ "Schengen area". Europa web portal. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  7. ^ European Commission. "The EU Single Market: Fewer barriers, more opportunities". Europa web portal. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
    "Activities of the European Union: Internal Market". Europa web portal. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
  8. ^ "Common commercial policy". Europa Glossary. Europa web portal. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  9. ^ "Agriculture and Fisheries Council". The Council of the European Union. Archived from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 6 September 2008.
  10. ^ "Overview of the European Union activities: Regional Policy". Europa web portal. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2008.
  11. ^ Matteo Laruffa, "The European Integration and National Interests: from an intergovernmental model to a Constitutional Agreement"(Hungarian Academy of Social Sciences, Budapest, 3 July 2014)
  12. ^ Thabo Mbeki (9 July 2002). "Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki". ABSA Stadium, Durban, South Africa: africa-union.org. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
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