Interleukin 9

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
IL9
Identifiers
Gene ontology
Molecular function
Cellular component
Biological process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000590

NM_008373

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000581

NP_032399

Location (UCSC)Chr 5: 135.89 – 135.9 MbChr 13: 56.63 – 56.63 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Interleukin 9, also known as IL-9, is a

CD4+ T cells that produce IL-9.[6]

Functions

Il-9 is a

hematopoietic cells.[7] This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the interleukin-9 receptor (IL9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins namely STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.[5]

Interleukin-9 has also shown to inhibit melanoma growth in mice. [8]

Additionally, it gives rise to the multiplication of

Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans but IL-9 also has antitumor properties in solid tumors, for example melanoma.[6]

Discovery

IL-9 was first described in the late 1980s as a member of a growing number of

The identification and

cDNA was isolated again by cross-hybridization with the mouse IL-9 probe.[10]

Gene location

The human IL-9 gene is located on the long arm of human

chromosome 5 at band 5q31-32, a region which is not found in a number of patients with acquired chromosome 5q deletion syndrome.[11]

Protein structure

Human IL-9

polypeptide and 4 N-linked glycosylation sites.[10] Until recently, IL-9 was thought to be evolutionary related to IL-7.[12] However, we know now that IL-9 is closer to IL-2 and IL-15 than to IL-7,[13]
at both the tertiary and amino acid sequence levels.

Production

TGF-β is an essential factor for IL-9 induction.[15] For the first time (Lars Blom, Britta C. Poulsen, Bettina M. Jensen, Anker Hansen and Lars K. Poulsen published a journal online in 2011 Jul 6),indicating that TGF-β may be important for production of IL-9 but it is not only the definite requirement for IL-9 induction, since cultures with IL-33 without TGF-β have noticeably increased secretion of IL-9, suggesting an important role of IL-33, even though that the effect was not found significant on the gene level.[16]

Interleukin-9 receptor
IL-9 has different direct and indirect effects on multiple cell types that affect the development of immunity and inflammation.

IL-9 expression

The analysis of IL-9 expression in different types of

B and T-cell lymphomas
, but it may have a part in HD and LCAL autocrine growth.

The further investigation could be done to conclude another probability, that, the

symptoms related to eosinophilia which was recently reported for Interleukin 5 positive cases of HD.[17]

IL-9 was found to be the first physiological stimulus triggering BCL3 expression in T cells and mast cells by the analysis done in mouse.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000145839 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021538 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: IL9 interleukin 9".
  6. ^
    PMID 28477184
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  9. PMID 21368237
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Further reading