International Pentecostal Holiness Church
International Pentecostal Holiness Church | |
---|---|
Region | Worldwide: divided into 28 regional conferences |
Founder | Abner Blackmon Crumpler, Benjamin H. Irwin |
Origin | January 30, 1911 Falcon, North Carolina |
Merger of | Fire-Baptized Holiness Church and Pentecostal Holiness Church (1911), Tabernacle Pentecostal Church (1915) |
Separations | Pentecostal Fire-Baptized Holiness Church (1918), Congregational Holiness Church (1920) |
Congregations | 16,609 |
Members | 4,600,000 |
Official website | www |
Statistics for 2012[2] |
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The International Pentecostal Holiness Church (IPHC) or simply Pentecostal Holiness Church (PHC) is an international
Heavily influenced by two major American revival movements—the
History
Origins
While certain elements in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South supported the holiness movement in the church, others did not favor it, which led to controversy in 1894. Within a decade about 25 new Holiness Methodist groups, including the Pentecostal Holiness Church, came into existence.[9]
Fire-Baptized Holiness
The oldest group that is part of the foundation of the Pentecostal Holiness Church originated in 1895 as the Fire-Baptized Holiness Association in Olmitz,
Pentecostal Holiness of North Carolina
The first congregation to carry the name Pentecostal Holiness Church was formed in
The first convention was held at Fayetteville, North Carolina in 1900. The convention adopted a denominational discipline, and Crumpler was elected president. In 1901 at a meeting in Magnolia, North Carolina, the word "Pentecostal" was dropped from the name to more fully associate the church with the holiness movement.[15] For the next eight years, the church would be known as "The Holiness Church of North Carolina".[13] The church had congregations outside of North Carolina as well, principally in South Carolina and Virginia.
The influence of the Pentecostal renewal grew while, at the same time, the leader and founder of the church, Abner Crumpler, though willing to accept speaking in tongues, did not accept the idea that it was the initial evidence of the baptism of the Holy Spirit.[17] At the annual conference of 1908, Crumpler was re-elected president of the body; however, with a majority of the delegates having experienced tongues, he permanently disaffiliated himself from the church.[18] After Crumpler's departure, the conference added an article to the statement of faith, recognizing tongues as the initial evidence:
We believe the pentecostal baptism of the Holy Ghost and fire is obtainable by a definite act of appropriating faith on the part of the fully cleansed believer, and the initial evidence of the reception of this experience is speaking with other tongues as the Spirit gives utterance (Luke 11:13; Acts 1:5; 2:1-4; 8:17; 10:44-46; 19:6).[19]
The PHC Foreign Mission Board was formed in 1904, and its members were all women.[20] In 1907, Tom J. McIntosh, a PHC member, traveled to China and may have been the first Pentecostal missionary to reach that nation.[21]
Mergers and schisms
The Fire-Baptized Holiness Association also embraced Pentecostalism around the same time, taking the line that the baptism in the Holy Spirit was the "baptism of fire" that it had been seeking. Given the similarities in doctrine and geographic reach with the Pentecostal Holiness Church, the two groups began talks on a merger. The two groups merged on January 30, 1911, at the Falcon Tabernacle in Falcon, North Carolina. The new denomination took the name of the smaller of the two, Pentecostal Holiness Church.[22] S.D. Page was elected the first General Superintendent.[23]
Following the 1911 merger, the Tabernacle Pentecostal Church, originally the Brewerton
In 1918, several PHC members who wanted stricter standards concerning dress, amusements, tobacco, and association between the sexes withdrew to form the Pentecostal Fire-Baptized Holiness Church.
Further development
The Pentecostal Holiness Church was a charter member of the
In the 1960s, the Pentecostal Holiness Church began to branch out beyond the United States by affiliating with sister Pentecostal bodies in other parts of the world. In 1967, an affiliation was formed with the Pentecostal Methodist Church of
Recent history
The largest Pentecostal Holiness churches in the United States include The Gate Church in Oklahoma City, pastored by Jordan Roberts (founded by Tony Miller; Northwood Temple in Fayetteville, North Carolina, pastored by John Hedgepeth; SpiritLife Church (formerly known as Evangelistic Temple) in Tulsa, Oklahoma, pastored by Tommy McLaurin; Eastpointe Community Church in Oklahoma City, pastored by Shon and Rachel Burchett; All Nations Church in Tallassee, Florida, pastored by Steve Dow; and Tree of Life Ministries in Lynchburg, VA, pastored by Mike Dodson.[17]
In 2000, the IPHC reported 10,463 churches and over a million members worldwide (over 3.4 million including affiliates).[5] In 2006, membership in the United States was 308,510 in 1,965 churches.[30] There were 28 regional conferences and missionaries in more than 90 nations. International offices were once located in Franklin Springs, Georgia, but are now located in Bethany, Oklahoma, a suburb of Oklahoma City.
In January 2011, the PHC celebrated the 1911 merger centennial with special events at Falcon, North Carolina.[31] [32]
Doctrine
The doctrine of the Pentecostal Holiness Church is articulated in the Apostles' Creed and the Articles of Faith.[33] The Articles were placed in their present form in 1945. The first four articles are essentially the same as the first four Articles of Religion of the Methodist Church.[34]
The IPHC believes in common
Cardinal doctrines
Since the adoption of the article of faith on the
Justification by faith
The Pentecostal Holiness Church believes that no amount of good works can achieve justification or salvation. This is achieved only "on the basis of our faith in the shed blood, the resurrection, and the justifying righteousness" of Christ. Good works, however, are a product of salvation. "When we believe on Jesus Christ as our Savior, our sins are pardoned, we are justified, and we enter a state of righteousness, not our own, but His, both imputed and imparted".[38]
Sanctification
As a holiness church, the PHC believes that for the Christian there is not only justification and forgiveness for actual transgressions but also "complete cleansing of the justified believer from all indwelling sin and from its pollution."[39] This cleansing is not "maturity" but a "crisis experience" and a "definite, instantaneous work of grace, obtainable by faith." The church recognizes that there is maturity and growth in the life of the believer, but states that "we must get into this grace before we can grow in it." The sanctified life is described as "one of separation from the world, a selfless life, a life of devotion to all the will of God, a life of holiness ... a life controlled by 'perfect love' which 'casteth out fear.'" The Pentecostal Holiness Church specifically rejects absolute perfection, angelic perfection, and sinless perfection—terms that imply that it is impossible for a sanctified believer to commit sin.[40]
Baptism with the Holy Spirit
As a Pentecostal church, the PHC believes the "baptism with the Holy Ghost and fire is obtainable by a definite act of appropriating faith on the part of the fully cleansed believer." Spirit baptism is available to all believers and provides empowerment to witness for Christ. To receive the baptism, a person must have a "clean heart and life" and to "live in the fullness of the Holy Spirit's power and possession, one must continue to live a clean and consecrated life, free from sin, strife, worldliness, and pride, and must avoid attitudes and actions that tend to 'grieve' or 'quench' the Holy Spirit."
The Pentecostal Holiness Church distinguishes the initial evidence of Spirit baptism - which all believers experience when Spirit baptized - from the gift of tongues, which is not given to every Spirit-filled believer. Speaking in tongues is only the first sign of Spirit baptism. Other evidence that will follow Spirit baptism include: the fruit of the Spirit, power to witness for Christ, and power to endure the testings of faith and the oppositions of the world. Besides speaking in tongues, other
Divine healing
The PHC believes that "provision was made in the atonement for the healing of our bodies".
Second Coming
The PHC believes in the imminent, personal, premillennial second coming of Jesus Christ. It will occur in two stages: the first stage will be the
Structure
Reflecting its Methodist heritage, the IPHC is governed under the principles of connectionalism, a mixed system of episcopal and congregational polity.[1] Authority in the church is shared between local churches, quadrennial conferences, and the General Conference.
Pentecostal Holiness congregations are self-governing in local affairs and are led by
Geographically, churches are organized into conferences led by conference superintendents. In their spiritual roles, superintendents function as bishops, and in their administrative roles they act as chief executive officers of their conference. All conference leaders are elected by their local conference but are accountable to the General Superintendent.[47]
The General Conference is the highest administrative body in the church. Under it are regional, annual, district, and missionary conferences.
Educational institutions
The IPHC has four affiliated institutions of higher education. The IPHC colleges are Emmanuel University in Franklin Springs, Georgia; Holmes Bible College in Greenville, South Carolina; Southwestern Christian University in Bethany, Oklahoma; and Advantage College in San Jose, California. [51]
Charitable institutions
Charitable organizations include the Falcon Children's Home, Alternative to Abortion Ministries, New Life Adoption Agency, and Bethany Children's Health Center.
Notable clergy
- Oral Roberts, an internationally known charismatic evangelist (1936-1947)
- C.M. Ward, a former Assemblies of God radio preacher and supporter of the Washington for Jesus movement.[17][52]
References
- ^ a b Section IV. A. 1. "Organization in General", IPHC Manual 1993-1997, electronic edition.
- ^ "IPHC Manual" (PDF). IPHC. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
- ISBN 978-0-8028-2416-5.
- ^ "2000 Religious Congregations and Membership Study". Glenmary Research Center. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
- ^ a b International Pentecostal Holiness Church (2007). "24th General Conference Highlights". Archived from the original on 2009-06-17. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
- ^ "IPHC Brief History: Introduction". 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-05-01.
- ISBN 0-8028-4103-1. p. 30
- ^ "Holiness movement". Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
- ^ "IPHC Brief History: Holiness Movement". 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-05-08.
- ISBN 0-310-44100-5. p. 466
- ^ "IPHC Brief History: Organizational Heritage". 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-05-08.
- ISBN 978-1-4422-4432-0.
- ^ a b c "Organizational Heritage", IPHC Manual 1993-1997, electronic edition.
- ISBN 0-8028-4103-1. p. 62
- ISBN 0-7852-4550-2. p. 110
- ISBN 0-7852-4550-2. p. 111
- ^ a b c d e f g "An Article on the International Pentecostal Holiness Church".
- ISBN 0-8028-4103-1. p. 119
- ^ "IPHC Brief History: Pentecostal Movement". 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-05-08.
- ^ Dr. Harold Hunter (2007). "Four Fire-Baptized Holiness missionaries arrive in Cuba". Archived from the original on 2006-10-11. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
- ^ Dr. Harold Hunter (2007). "PHC Sponsors First Pentecostal Missionary to China". Archived from the original on 2008-11-22. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
- ^ "IPHC Brief History: Pentecost & Mergers". 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-07-23.
- ^ "Historic Timeline". 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-09-08.
- ^ "IPHC Brief History: Organizational Developments". 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-05-08.
- ^ "Pentecostal Holiness Church", Encyclopedia of Religion in the South, Samuel S. Hill, editor.
- ^ "3rd General Conference, 1917". 2007-11-14. Archived from the original on 2008-11-22. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
- ^ "ARDA PF-BHC Denominational Profile". Retrieved 2008-09-24.
- ^ "11th General Conference, 1949". 2007-11-14. Archived from the original on 2008-09-08. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
- ^ "John Paul cries 'wolf': misreading the Pentecostals".
- ^ "2008 Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches". The National Council of Churches. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
- ^ IPHC, Centennial Home Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, accessed June 2, 2011.
- ^ IPHC.org
- ^ IPHC, Beliefs, iphc.org, USA, retrieved October 2, 2023
- ^ "Introduction – Historical", Our Beliefs Archived 2011-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 14, 2011.
- ^ a b "Pentecostal Holiness Church, Inc". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007.
- ISBN 978-0-310-87335-8.
- ^ "IPHC Articles of Faith". 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-05-05.
- ^ "8. Justification by Faith", Our Beliefs Archived 2011-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 14, 2011.
- ^ "9. Cleansing", Our Beliefs Archived 2011-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 14, 2011.
- ^ "10. Sanctification", Our Beliefs Archived 2011-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 14, 2011.
- ^ "11. The Baptism With the Holy Ghost and Speaking With Other Tongues", Our Beliefs Archived 2011-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 14, 2011.
- ^ "12. Divine Healing", Our Beliefs Archived 2011-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 14, 2011.
- ^ International Pentecostal Holiness Church (2007-11-14). "Divine Healing". Archived from the original on 2008-09-25. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
- ^ "13. The Second Coming of Jesus", Our Beliefs Archived 2011-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 14, 2011.
- ^ Section IV. B. "Duties of the Pastor", IPHC Manual 1993-1997, electronic edition.
- ^ Section IV. E. "Officials of the Local Church", IPHC Manual 1993-1997, electronic edition.
- ^ Dr. A.D. Beacham, Executive Director PHC Church Education Ministries. "Frequently Asked Questions". Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
- ^ iphc.org
- ^ International Pentecostal Holiness Church (2008-04-23). "Apostolic Position Paper". Archived from the original on 2008-12-20. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
- ^ "IPHC Polity". 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-04-29.
- ^ IPHC, Higher Education, iphc.org, USA, retrieved October 2, 2023
- ^ "Washington for Jesus" founder John Gimenez recruits Pentecostal pastors at private meeting 1979. Retrieved 2024-04-08 – via www.youtube.com.
Further reading
- Encyclopedia of American Religions, J. Gordon Melton, editor
- Handbook of Denominations in the United States, by Frank S. Mead, Samuel S. Hill, and Craig D. Atwood
External links