International Publishers Association
Formation | 1896, Geneva, Switzerland |
---|---|
Region served | International |
President | Karine Pansa[1] |
Website | www |
Formerly called | Congrès international des éditeurs |
The International Publishers Association (IPA, originally Congrès international des éditeurs) is an international
The IPA's two core pillars are the promotion of copyright and the protection of the freedom to publish.[4] The IPA actively opposes censorship and promotes literacy. Since 2005, the IPA has awarded the Freedom to Publish Prize, renamed the Prix Voltaire in 2016.[5] In 2022, it introduced two additional prizes, a Champion Award and an Innovation Award.[6][7]
History
The organization was founded in 1896 in
The organization was active mostly in Europe during its first half century.
The eleventh meeting of the Congrès international des éditeurs was held in London in 1936.[9] The Congrès International des Editeurs du Film had already formed in 1909 to address concerns about the creation, copyright and distribution of moving pictures.[15] Now Geoffrey Faber, an English publisher, raised concerns about the potential impact of new technologies for sound recording, in his presentation on "Use of the Book on Radio and Voice Machines", warning that "the speed of this change has been increased enormously by the transformations that science brings about in the material conditions of civilised life" and fearing that "the habit of reading may be compromised or displaced to sorne extent by a new custom in direct competition with the old one".[14]
The twelfth meeting was planned for Leipzig and Berlin in 1938. This led to considerable dispute, due to the rise of the Nazi party in Germany. A possible proposal that Switzerland should be the next location, rather than Germany, was withdrawn, possibly as a result of pressure from the German government. Although the conference was eventually held in Germany on 19 June 1938, the United States withdrew in protest.[14][9]
The
Objectives
The IPA's two core pillars are the promotion of copyright and the protection of the freedom to publish.[4][16]
Promotion of copyright
One of IPA's main objectives is the promotion of copyright. Since its establishment the IPA also promotes and defends the freedom to publish,
Freedom to publish
One of the IPA's main goals is to protect the right of publishers to produce and distribute the materials they choose to, in other words, to protect their basic human right to
- Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[31]
- Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[31]
- Article 10 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms[32]
In 2004, the IPA began working with
Activities
IPA has official consultative status with
IPA is a founder of the SDG Publishers Compact, formally launched in collaboration with the United Nations[37] in October 2020, to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in the publishing industry.[38][39][40] IPA published a 2020 report of publisher's activities relating to the SDGs, Publishers and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which outlined the ways in which the SDGs are relevant to the publishing industry, with a strong emphasis on ways to take action.[41][42][43]
IPA has ongoing connections with industry and regulatory organizations. These include national publisher associations, organizations representing special consumer interests, and reproduction rights organizations which essentially collect license fees for rights holders. In 1980, the International Federation for Reproduction Rights Organizations (IFRRO) developed out of a working group of the Copyright Committee of the IPA and STM, the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers.[44] IPA is also associated with the International ISBN Agency[45] and the electronic International Standard organization EDItEUR.[46]
International standards
As an international federation, one of the activities of the IPA is to facilitate the setting of international standards in publishing.
In 1997, at the
IPA supports Automated Content Access Protocol (ACAP).[52] IPA is a charter member of EDItEUR,[53] an international organization coordinating standard setting for electronic publications,[54] Through EDItEUR the IPA supports EDItX, ONIX and Thema.[46][55]
Publishers Congress
IPA organizes a Publishers Congress every four years, starting from 1896 in Paris, France, where publishers fully and openly discuss relevant, basic, and long-term industry problems and challenges.
In 2008, the 28th IPA Publishers Congress in Seoul, Korea attracted nearly 700 participants from over 45 countries. In its resolution, the Congress expressed the need for reform in the freedom to publish in Burma/Myanmar, China, Iran, and Vietnam, calling for the immediate release of publishers, writers, journalists and bloggers in prison or under house arrest for having exercised their rights to freedom of expression.[56]
Copyright symposiums
The IPA hosts a Copyright Symposium every four years. The first Copyright Symposium was held in 1986,
From 28 February to 1 March 2010, Abu Dhabi hosted the 7th Copyright Symposium, held for the first time in the Arab world. Attended by 270 delegates from 53 countries, the two-day symposium was attended by government officials, legal experts, publishers and authors. Plenary speeches and seminars covered topics such as copyright and Islamic law, publishing in the internet age, collective licensing, the digital market place, global copyright trends and the future of copyright in emerging markets. The symposium was held immediately before the Abu Dhabi International Book Fair, 2 to 7 March.[57]
Copyright and Google Books Project
In 2005 IPA issued a joint statement with
Prohibition of religious defamation
During the 2000s, a number of initiatives relating to
World Blind Union
IPA has been involved in discussions with the
Industry policy: value added tax
The IPA advocates for favorable indirect tax systems such as value added tax (VAT) on publications of all formats. IPA considers books should be “zero-rated.”[25] Such policies have been already implemented in countries including the UK, Norway, Korea, Mexico, and Thailand.[67] In its 2010 Global Survey for VAT/GST/Sales tax rates for books and electronic publications, 15 countries have exemptions for all books, 33 have reduced rates for all books, 26 have reduced or exemption for books with limitations, and 13 have no reductions that apply.[68]
Educational publishing
The IPA created the International Educational Publishers Forum to support the educational publishing industry.[69][70]
Folklore protection
Protecting traditional knowledge and expression of folklore may be a concern for publishers who publish fairy tales and traditional stories, school books with reference to local customs or related scientific journal articles. There have been several international efforts for special protection of traditional folklore, notably by WIPO and UNESCO.[71] IPA participates in discussions through WIPO’s program for traditional cultural expressions.[72] IPA tries to make sure the rights of freedom of expression and publisher’s positive impact relating to such cultural material are not threatened.[73]
UNESCO initiatives
The IPA maintains working relations with
The IPA also helped establish UNESCO’s
Beginning in 2001, UNESCO has selected one city a year as a
World Book Capitals include:[80]
- 2001, Madrid, Spain
- 2002, Alexandria, Egypt
- 2003, New Delhi, India
- 2004, Antwerp, Belgium
- 2005, Montreal, Canada
- 2006, Turin, Italy
- 2007, Bogotá, Colombia
- 2008, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 2009, Beirut, Lebanon
- 2010, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- 2011, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- 2012, Yerevan, Armenia
- 2013, Bangkok
- 2014, Port Harcourt
- 2015, Incheon
- 2016, Wroclaw
- 2017, Conakry
- 2018, Athens
- 2019, Sharjah
- 2020, Kuala Lumpur
- 2021, Tbilisi
- 2022, Guadalajara
- 2023, Accra
- 2024, Strasbourg[80]
Organization
Membership
The IPA is a federation of national, regional and specialist publishers' associations. The IPA has at least 86 organizational members from 71 countries in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and the Americas.[81] It has consultative status as non-governmental organization at the United Nations.[82]
Committees
- Copyright Committee[83]
- Freedom to Publish Committee[84]
- Literacy & Book Industry Policy Committee[85]
- International Education Publishers Forum
Governing bodies
The governing body is the General Assembly.[86] The assembly is composed of two representatives of the publishers association from each country; each is allowed a vote in assembly decisions. The assembly meets at least once a year, usually at the Frankfurt Book Fair.[87]
The President is elected by the General Assembly with a term of two years. He or she is the head of the General Assembly and the Executive Committee. The Executive committee formulates plans and policies for the General Assembly to discuss and vote on. The IPA also elects Vice Presidents and regional representatives.[88] A Secretary General is appointed by the Executive Committee to act as the chief operating officer.[89][90]
The President as of 2023 is Karine Pansa,[1] who succeeded Bodour Al Qasimi. The Secretary General as of 2015 is José Borghino.[90][89]
List of IPA presidents
President biographies from 1896 were assembled at the 125th anniversary, including.[91]
- 1962–1966: Santiago Salvat Espasa[92]
- 1980–1984: Manuel Salvat Dalmau[93]
- 1988–1992: Andrew Neilly[94]
- 1992–1996: Fernando Guedes[14]
- 1996–2000: Alan Gründ[95]
- 2000–2004: Pere Vicens[96]
- 2004–2008: Ana Maria Cabanellas, first female IPA President in 108 year-history[97]
- 2009–2010: Herman P. Spruijt[2]
- 2011–2014: Youngsuk “Y.S.” Chi[93]
- 2015–2017: Richard Charkin[30]
- 2017–2019: Michiel Kolman[98]
- 2019–2021: Hugo Setzer (Manual Moderno, Spain)[99]
- 2021–2023: Bodour Al Qasimi second female IPA President in 129 year-history[100][101]
- 2023– : Karine Pansa[1]
List of secretaries general
Secretaries general have included the following:
Awards given
Since 2005, the IPA has awarded the Freedom to Publish Prize, renamed the Prix Voltaire in 2016.[106][5] In 2022, it introduced two additional prizes, a Champion Award and an Innovation Award.[6][7]
IPA Prix Voltaire
Since 2005, the IPA has been awarding the annual IPA Prix Voltaire known until 2016 as the "IPA Freedom to Publish Prize",[107] to honour a person or an organization anywhere in the world that has defended and promoted the freedom publish with courage. It consists of a monetary award and a certificate. The list of past winners is as follows:
- 2023 Mazin Lateef Ali (Iraq) & Volodymyr Vakulenko (2023 IPA Prix Voltaire Special Award, posthumously) (Ukraine)[5][108][109]
- 2022 Same Sky Books (Thailand)[110]
- 2021 Dar al Jadeed (Lebanon)[110]
- 2020
- 2019 Khaled Lotfy, Egypt[113]
- 2018 Gui Minhai, Sweden/Hong Kong[114]
- 2017 Turhan Günay and Evrensel, Turkey[115]
- 2016 Raif Badawi, Saudi Arabia[116]
- 2014 Ihar Lohvinau , Belarus[117]
- 2012 Jonathan "Zapiro" Shapiro, South Africa[118]
- 2011 Bui Chat, Giay Vun Publishing, Vietnam[119] He was arrested by Vietnam authorities shortly after his return from Buenos Aires, where he received his prize.[120] Though temporarily released in May, he was subject to further interrogation.[121]
- 2010 Israpil Shovkhalov and Viktor Kogan-Yasny, DOSH Magazine , Chechnya, Russia[122]
- 2010 Freedom to Publish Prize Special Award to Irfan Sanci,
- 2009 Sihem Bensedrine, Neziha Rjiba and Mohamed Talbi, OLPEC, Tunisia[124]
- 2008 Ragıp Zarakolu, Belge, Turkey[125]
- 2007 Trevor Ncube, Zimbabwe[126]
- 2007 Freedom to Publish Prize Special Award to Anna Politkovskaya, Russia and Hrant Dink, Turkey[127]
- 2006 Shalah Lahiji Roshangaran, Iran[128]
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{{cite book}}
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