International tourism
International tourism is
In 2010, international tourism reached
International tourism has significant
History
As a result of the
COVID-19
The
Some people have taken advantage of airlines drastically reducing their fares to travel for leisure despite multiple warnings to remain at home, along with two-week self-quarantine requirements upon arrival or return from travel.[17] A number of college students tested positive for COVID-19 after returning from traditional spring break destinations such as the Florida beaches, South Padre Island, and Cabo San Lucas.[18] Many tourism venues such as museums, visitor centers, restaurants and hotels mandated COVID-19 vaccination for their staff and/or visitors.[19] Research has shown that tourists have varying levels of belief on COVID-19 vaccination in terms of its effectiveness and side effects, which have impact on the preferences of tourists to preference to visit or use "vaccinated venues".[19]
Together with a decreased willingness to travel, the restrictions have had a negative economic impact on the travel sector in those regions. A possible long-term impact has been a decline of business travel and international conferencing, and the rise of their virtual, online equivalents.[20] Concerns have been raised over the effectiveness of travel restrictions to contain the spread of COVID-19.[21][22]
In Cambodia, Foreign arrivals in March 2020 fell by 65% year-on-year.
Tourism in Hawaii went on hiatus. Tourist arrivals in Hawaii down nearly 100% in April 2020
In Australia, Tourism bodies have suggested that the total economic cost to the sector, as of 11 February 2020, would be A$4.5 billion. Casino earnings are expected to fall.[35] At least two localities in Australia, Cairns and the Gold Coast, have reported already lost earnings of more than $600 million.[36] The Australian Tourism Industry Council (ATIC) called on the Government of Australia for financial support especially in light of the large number of small businesses affected.[37] In March, national travel agency Flight Centre has indefinitely closed 100 stores throughout Australia, due to significantly lower demand for travel.[38] It also suffered a 75% decline in share price,[39] and announced that 6,000 staff would be made redundant or placed on unpaid leave globally.[40]
Rankings
Total volume of cross-border tourist travel
International tourist arrivals reached 1.035 billion in 2012, up from over 996 million in 2011, and 952 million in 2010.
World's top tourism destinations
In 2019, there were 1.460 billion international tourist arrivals worldwide, with a growth of 3.7% as compared to 2018.
Rank | Destination | International tourist arrivals (2019)[44] |
International tourist arrivals (2018)[44] |
Change (2018 to 2019) (%) |
Change (2017 to 2018) (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | France | 89 million[i] | 89.4 million | N/A | 2.9 |
2 | Spain | 83.5 million | 82.8 million | 0.8 | 1.1 |
3 | United States | 79.3 million | 79.7 million | 0.6 | 3.3 |
4 | China | 65.7 million | 62.9 million | 4.5 | 3.6 |
5 | Italy | 64.5 million | 61.6 million | 4.8 | 5.7 |
6 | Turkey | 51.2 million | 45.8 million | 11.9 | 21.7 |
7 | Mexico | 45.0 million | 41.3 million | 9.0 | 5.1 |
8 | Thailand | 39.8 million | 38.2 million | 4.3 | 7.3 |
9 | Germany | 39.6 million | 38.9 million | 1.8 | 3.8 |
10 | United Kingdom | 39.4 million | 38.7 million | 1.9 | 2.2 |
Notes
|
International tourism receipts
The
Rank | Country/Area | International
tourism receipts (2018)[45] |
---|---|---|
1 | United States | $214.00 billion |
2 | Spain | $74.00 billion |
3 | France | $67.00 billion |
4 | Thailand | $63.00 billion |
5 | United Kingdom | $52.00 billion |
6 | Italy | $49.00 billion |
7 | Egypt | $45.00 billion |
8 | Germany | $43.00 billion |
9 | Japan | $41.00 billion |
10 | China | $40.00 billion |
International tourism expenditure
The
Rank | Country | International
tourism expenditure (2018)[45] |
---|---|---|
1 | China | $277 billion |
2 | United States | $144 billion |
3 | Germany | $94 billion |
4 | United Kingdom | $76 billion |
5 | France | $48 billion |
6 | Australia | $37 billion |
7 | Russia | $35 billion |
8 | Canada | $33 billion |
9 | South Korea | $32 billion |
10 | Italy | $30 billion |
Euromonitor International Top City Destinations Ranking
Euromonitor International rated these the world's most visited cities by international tourists in 2017:[46]
Rank | City | Country | International
tourist arrivals[47] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Hong Kong | China | 27.88 million |
2 | Bangkok | Thailand | 22.45 million |
3 | London | United Kingdom | 19.82 million |
4 | Singapore | Singapore | 17.61 million |
5 | Cairo | Egypt | 17.33 million |
6 | Paris | France | 15.83 million |
7 | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | 15.79 million |
8 | New York City | United States | 13.10 million |
9 | Macau | China | 12.84 million |
10 | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | 12.47 million |
World Travel and Tourism Council
Rank | Country | Percentage |
---|---|---|
1 | Myanmar | 73.5% |
2 | Sudan | 49.8% |
3 | Azerbaijan | 36.4% |
4 | Qatar | 34.1% |
5 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 30.1% |
6 | Sri Lanka | 26.4% |
7 | Cameroon | 25.5% |
8 | Georgia | 22.7% |
9 | Iceland | 20.0% |
10 | Kyrgyzstan | 19.5% |
Rank | Country | Percentage |
---|---|---|
1 | Azerbaijan | 46.1% |
2 | Mongolia | 24.4% |
3 | Iceland | 20.1% |
4 | Cyprus | 15.4% |
5 | Kazakhstan | 15.2% |
6 | Moldova | 14.2% |
7 | Costa Rica | 12.1% |
8 | Georgia | 11.2% |
9 | Sri Lanka | 10.7% |
10 | Thailand | 10.7% |
References
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- ^ Swine flu prompts EU warning on travel to US. The Guardian. 28 April 2009.
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- ^ United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (June 30, 2021). "COVID-19 and Tourism: An Update" (PDF). Retrieved June 30, 2021.
- ^ Hoffower, Hillary (23 March 2020). "'It's Gen Z you want': Millennials are defending themselves from accusations that they're out partying and ignoring warnings amid the coronavirus pandemic". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ Hoffower, Hillary (2 April 2020). "44 Texas spring breakers who partied in Cabo have tested positive for the coronavirus". Business Insider. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ a b Zhang, S.X.; Chen, J.; Alvarez-Risco, A.; Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S.; Yanez, J.A. "Preference for vaccinated venues: the roles of belief in COVID-19 vaccine adoption rate and side effects". Current Issues in Tourism: 1–5.
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- ^ "Cambodia's international arrivals nosedive 65% in March | The Star". The Star. Malaysia. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ Hunt, Luke. "Cambodians Reclaim Angkor Wat as Global Lockdowns Continue to Bite". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Cambodians Revel in Now Tourist-Free Angkor Wat | Voice of America – English". Voice of America. 14 June 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
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- ^ "International visitors to Vietnam in April decline 98.2 percent year-on-year". SGGP English Edition. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ^ a b Coleman, Justine (4 June 2020). "Top Hawaii tourism official retiring amid coronavirus fallout". The Hill. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Campbell, Josh (11 May 2020). "Tourists in Hawaii could face prison time for breaking quarantine". CNN Travel. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ "Hawaii's Governor Declines to Set a Reopening Date for Tourism". MSN. 3 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Schaefers, Allison (6 June 2020). "Lifting of interisland quarantine will move Hawaii tourism needle slightly". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Turner, Jim (1 May 2020). "COVID-19 arrival slashes Florida tourism numbers. Some attractions set to reopen in June". Miami Herald. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Door County Board Chair Reveals He Had COVID-19 by Myles Dannhausen Jr., 5 May 2020, doorcountypulse.com
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- ^ "ATIC calls for government support to counter coronavirus impact on tourism industry – Australasian Leisure Management". ausleisure.com.au. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
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- ^ "Flight Centre Travel Group Limited Share Price & Information – ASX". ASX. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Flight Centre to stand down thousands of workers due to coronavirus". ABC News. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
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