Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth,[1] data bandwidth,[2] or digital bandwidth.[3][4]
This definition of bandwidth is in contrast to the field of signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission,
Network capacity
The term bandwidth sometimes defines the
Network consumption
The consumed bandwidth in bit/s, corresponds to achieved
Channel bandwidth may be confused with useful data throughput (or goodput). For example, a channel with x bit/s may not necessarily transmit data at x rate, since protocols, encryption, and other factors can add appreciable overhead. For instance, much internet traffic uses the
Maximum throughput
The
Asymptotic bandwidths are usually estimated by sending a number of very large messages through the network, measuring the end-to-end throughput. As with other bandwidths, the asymptotic bandwidth is measured in multiples of bits per seconds. Since bandwidth spikes can skew the measurement, carriers often use the 95th percentile method. This method continuously measures bandwidth usage and then removes the top 5 percent.[6]
Multimedia
Digital bandwidth may also refer to:
Due to the impractically high bandwidth requirements of uncompressed digital media, the required multimedia bandwidth can be significantly reduced with data compression.[7] The most widely used data compression technique for media bandwidth reduction is the discrete cosine transform (DCT), which was first proposed by Nasir Ahmed in the early 1970s.[8] DCT compression significantly reduces the amount of memory and bandwidth required for digital signals, capable of achieving a data compression ratio of up to 100:1 compared to uncompressed media.[9]
Web hosting
In Web hosting service, the term bandwidth is often incorrectly used to describe the amount of data transferred to or from the website or server within a prescribed period of time, for example bandwidth consumption accumulated over a month measured in gigabytes per month.[citation needed][10] The more accurate phrase used for this meaning of a maximum amount of data transfer each month or given period is monthly data transfer.
A similar situation can occur for end-user ISPs as well, especially where network capacity is limited (for example in areas with underdeveloped internet connectivity and on wireless networks).
Internet connections
This table shows the maximum bandwidth (the physical layer net bit rate) of common Internet access technologies. For more detailed lists see
Bit rate | Connection type |
---|---|
56 kbit/s | Dialup
|
1.5 Mbit/s | ADSL Lite
|
1.544 Mbit/s | T1/DS1 |
2.048 Mbit/s | E1 / E-carrier |
4 Mbit/s | ADSL1
|
10 Mbit/s | Ethernet |
11 Mbit/s | Wireless 802.11b
|
24 Mbit/s | ADSL2+
|
44.736 Mbit/s | T3/DS3 |
54 Mbit/s | Wireless 802.11g
|
100 Mbit/s | Fast Ethernet |
155 Mbit/s | OC3
|
600 Mbit/s | Wireless 802.11n
|
622 Mbit/s | OC12
|
1 Gbit/s | Gigabit Ethernet |
1.3 Gbit/s | Wireless 802.11ac
|
2.5 Gbit/s | OC48
|
5 Gbit/s | SuperSpeed USB
|
7 Gbit/s | Wireless 802.11ad
|
9.6 Gbit/s | OC192
|
10 Gbit/s | SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s
|
20 Gbit/s | SuperSpeed USB 20 Gbit/s
|
40 Gbit/s | Thunderbolt 3
|
100 Gbit/s | 100 Gigabit Ethernet |
Edholm's law
The
References
- ^ Douglas Comer, Computer Networks and Internets, page 99 ff, Prentice Hall 2008.
- ^ Fred Halsall, to data+communications and computer networks, page 108, Addison-Wesley, 1985.
- ^ Cisco Networking Academy Program: CCNA 1 and 2 companion guide, Volym 1–2, Cisco Academy 2003
- ^ Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data communications and networking, McGraw-Hill, 2007
- ISBN 3540338098.
- ^ "What is Bandwidth? - Definition and Details". www.paessler.com. Retrieved 2019-04-18.
- ISBN 9780470857649.
- ^ Stanković, Radomir S.; Astola, Jaakko T. (2012). "Reminiscences of the Early Work in DCT: Interview with K.R. Rao" (PDF). Reprints from the Early Days of Information Sciences. 60. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
- ^ Lea, William (1994). Video on demand: Research Paper 94/68. House of Commons Library. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- ^ Low, Jerry (27 March 2022). "How Much Hosting Bandwidth Do I Need For My Website?". WHSR.
- ^ S2CID 27580722.
- ^ ISBN 9781461450450.
- ^ S2CID 25112828.
- ^ "1960 - Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated". The Silicon Engine. Computer History Museum.
- ISBN 9783540342588.
- ^ "Who Invented the Transistor?". Computer History Museum. 4 December 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
- ^ "Triumph of the MOS Transistor". YouTube. Computer History Museum. 6 August 2010. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ISBN 9781439803127.