Interstate 35
Route information | |
---|---|
Length | 1,569.06 mi[1] (2,525.16 km) |
Existed | 1956–present |
History | Completed in 1982[2] |
NHS | Entire route |
Major junctions | |
South end | US 83 in Laredo, TX |
| |
North end | MN 61 in Duluth, MN |
Location | |
Country | United States |
States | Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota |
Highway system | |
Interstate 35 (I-35) is a major
At 1,568 miles (2,523 km), I-35 is the ninth-longest Interstate Highway following
In addition to the Dallas–Fort Worth and Minneapolis–Saint Paul areas, the major cities that I-35 also connects to include (from south to north)
.Route description
mi | km
| |
---|---|---|
TX | 503.96 | 811.05 |
OK | 235.96 | 379.74 |
KS | 235.53 | 379.05 |
MO | 114.74 | 184.66 |
IA | 219.23 | 352.82 |
MN | 259.64 | 417.85 |
Total | 1,569.06 | 2,525.16 |
Texas
I-35 northbound begins at a traffic-signaled intersection with
I-35 is named the Pan Am Expressway in San Antonio. There, it has brief concurrencies with I-10 (with it US 87) and I-410, and it serves as the northern terminus of I-37. I-35 heads northeast out of the city toward the state capital, Austin.
In Austin, I-35 is the Interregional Highway and has a concurrency with
I-35 then heads to
After passing through Dallas and Fort Worth, I-35's two forks rejoin each other in Denton near the University of North Texas campus. The unified Interstate then continues north to Gainesville before crossing the Red River into Oklahoma.
Oklahoma
In Oklahoma, I-35 runs from the Red River at the Texas border to the Kansas state line near Braman. It passes through or adjacent to many of the state's major cities. From south to north, these cities include Ardmore, Pauls Valley, Purcell, Norman, Moore, Oklahoma City, and Edmond. In Downtown Oklahoma City, I-35 has a major junction with I-40 and spurs into I-235 through the north central inner city as heavy traffic follows through the city into the northern area of the state.
Kansas
Between the Oklahoma state line and
Of note on the route, at several points between Cassoday and Emporia in the Flint Hills, dirt driveways that provide direct access without a ramp, for cattle trucks, may be found in either direction along the highway.
BETO Junction is a highway intersection in Coffey County, Kansas, that is the intersection of US 75 and I-35. It derives its name from the four major cities nearest the intersection: Burlington, Emporia, Topeka, and Ottawa. It is located 16 miles (26 km) north of Burlington at exit 155. Historically, the intersection referred to as "BETO Junction" before I-35 was constructed was located on the old US 75 alignments two miles (3.2 km) south and two miles (3.2 km) east, near Waverly, Kansas.
Missouri
I-35 enters Missouri two miles (3.2 km) southwest of Kansas City's
After crossing the river, I-29 and I-35 split. I-35 heads north to Cameron, Missouri, and then continues northward to the Iowa state line.
Iowa
In the southern sections of the state, I-35 is parallel to
In
North of Des Moines, I-35 is mainly parallel with US 69, traversing a vast and rural area of Iowa.[6]
I-35 is part of the Avenue of the Saints between Clear Lake and St. Paul, Minnesota. A four-lane link has been completed between Clear Lake and I-380 in Waterloo, Iowa.
Minnesota
At Medford, Minnesota, the on- and offramps lead to roundabouts rather than standard cross intersections.[7] This is the first site in the state linked to a major highway to use roundabouts.
I-35 splits again into I-35W and I-35E in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area. The mile- and exit-numbering sequence continues along I-35E. At one sharp turn in I-35W near the junction with I-94, drivers are advised to slow to 35 mph (56 km/h) (although many drivers are able to maintain the speed limit of 55 mph (89 km/h)). It is not possible to go from westbound I-94 to northbound I-35W, from southbound I-35W to eastbound I-94, and vice versa, without resorting to surface streets.
On I-35E in Minnesota between
I-35 has an
The national northern terminus of I-35 is at an intersection in eastern Duluth. Drivers' options include merging with London Road/MN 61 northbound, proceeding through the stop lights onto 26th Avenue East, or turning left onto London Road southbound.
History
Some portions of I-35 in Oklahoma City were already built in 1953, before the Interstate system was created.[9] Through Norman, Oklahoma, the Interstate opened in June 1959. In Moore, it opened in two parts: the northern half, connecting Moore to Oklahoma City, opened in January 1960. The southern half, linking it to Norman, was opened to traffic in June 1967.[10]
I-35 through Oklahoma largely parallels US 77. This is in large part due to efforts of the towns of Wynnewood, Paoli, and Wayne, which fought to keep I-35 as close as possible to US 77. This was successful due to a threat from Governor Henry Bellmon to build a toll road rather than I-35, and legislation preventing state funds for the Interstate from being spent if it were more than one mile (1.6 km) from the U.S. Route.[11]
I-35 was completed in Oklahoma in 1971, when parts of the Interstate running through Carter Co. and Murray Co. were opened to traffic.[9]
The final segment of I-35 (as originally planned) to open was in north-central
The
"NAFTA Superhighway" controversy
The proposed Trans-Texas Corridor toll-road project included one proposal (TTC-35) to primarily parallel I-35 from the Mexican border up to the Oklahoma border.[13] There are major disagreements as to what impact this parallel route would have on I-35 in terms of traffic, maintenance, and commerce.
The Trans-Texas Corridor was first proposed by
In 2011, the Texas Legislature formally repealed its authority for the establishment and operation of the Trans-Texas Corridor with the passage of HB 1201.[16][17]
Junction list
- Southern segment
-
- Texas
- US 83 in Laredo; the highways travel concurrently to Botines, approx. 18 miles (29 km) north.
- I-69W / US 59 in Laredo
- US 57 in Moore
- I-410 in San Antonio
- I-10 / US 87 / US 90 in San Antonio. I-10/I-35/US 87 travels concurrently through Downtown San Antonio.
- I-37 / US 281 in San Antonio
- I-410 on the San Antonio–Windcrest city line; concurrency for three miles (4.8 km).
- US 290 in Austin; the highways travel concurrently through Austin.
- US 183 in Austin
- US 79 in Round Rock
- I-14 / US 190 in Copperas_Cove; US 190 travels concurrently to Belton.
- US 77 in Waco; the highways travel concurrently to northeast of Hillsboro; follows route of I-35E afterward.
- US 84 on the Waco–Bellmead city line
- I-35E / I-35W north-northeast of Hillsboro
- Central segment
-
- Texas
- I-35E / I-35W in Denton
- US 380 in Denton
- US 77 in Denton; the highways travel concurrently to south of Thackerville, Oklahoma.
- US 82 in Gainesville
- Oklahoma
- US 70 in Ardmore; the highways travel concurrently through Ardmore.
- US 77 north of Springer
- US 77 in Davis
- US 77 in Norman; the highways travel concurrently to Oklahoma City.
- I-240 / US 62 in Oklahoma City; I-35/US 62 travels concurrently through Oklahoma City.
- I-40 / I-235 / US 77 / US 270 in Oklahoma City; I-35/I-40/US 270 travels concurrently through Oklahoma City.
- I-44 in Oklahoma City; the highways travel concurrently through Oklahoma City.
- US 77 in Edmond; the highways travel concurrently to Guthrie.
- US 77 in Perry
- US 64 in Perry; the highways travel concurrently to north-northwest of Perry.
- US 64 / US 412 north-northwest of Perry
- US 60 in Tonkawa
- US 177 north-northwest of Braman
- Kansas
- US 166 east-northeast of South Haven
- Kansas Turnpike southern terminus in rural Sumner County
- US 160 east of Wellington
- I-135 in Wichita
- US 54 / US 400 in Wichita
- US 77 north of El Dorado
- I-335 / Kansas Turnpike in Emporia
- US 50 in Emporia
- US 50 east of Emporia; the highways travel concurrently to Lenexa.
- US 75 south-southeast of Olivet
- US 59 in Ottawa; the highways travel concurrently to east-northeast of Ottawa.
- US 56 in Gardner; the highways travel concurrently to Merriam.
- US 169 in Olathe; the highways travel concurrently to Merriam.
- I-435 / US 50 in Lenexa
- US 69 in Lenexa; the highways travel concurrently to Merriam.
- I-635 / US 69 in Mission; I-35/US 69 travels concurrently to Kansas City.
- US 169 in Kansas City
- Missouri
- I-670 in Kansas City
- I-70 / US 24 / US 40 / US 169 in Kansas City; the highways travel concurrently through Kansas City.
- I-29 / I-70 / US 40 / US 71 in Kansas City; I-29/I-35/US 71 travels concurrently through Kansas City.
- US 69 in Kansas City
- I-435 in Claycomo
- US 69 in Pleasant Valley; the highways travel concurrently to Liberty.
- US 69 south of Cameron
- US 36 in Cameron
- US 69 southwest of Winston
- US 69 north-northwest of Altamont
- US 136 in Bethany
- Iowa
- US 69 on the Iowa state line south of Lamoni
- US 34 in Osceola
- I-80 / I-235 in West Des Moines; I-35/I-80 travels concurrently to Ankeny.
- US 6 on the Clive–Urbandale city line
- US 69 in Des Moines
- I-80 / I-235 in Ankeny
- US 30 southeast of Ames
- US 20 southeast of Blairsburg
- US 18 south-southeast of Clear Lake; the highways travel concurrently to Clear Lake.
- Minnesota
- US 65 southeast of Albert Lea
- US 65 in Albert Lea
- I-90 northeast of Albert Lea
- US 14 / US 218 in Owatonna
- I-35E / I-35W in Burnsville
- Northern segment
References
- ^ Staff (October 31, 2002). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved March 28, 2007.
- ^ Gyure, Joseph. "Interstate 35 dramatically changed Waco's face". Waco Tribune-Herald. Archived from the original on January 12, 2006. Retrieved January 10, 2006.
- ^ Google (February 15, 2008). "overview map of I-35" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
- ^ Texas Official Travel Map (Map). Cartography by TxDOT. Texas Department of Transportation. 2006.
- ^ Bear, Jacci Howard. "Are Interstate Highway 35 and Interregional Highway 35 the Same Road?". About.com. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved December 7, 2006.
- ^ Motor Carriers' Road Atlas (Map) (Deluxe ed.). Rand McNally. 2007. p. 38.
- ISSN 1060-6637. FHWA-HRT-04-029. Archived from the originalon June 10, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2006.
- ^ Google (June 8, 2009). "overview map and aerial photo of the Can of Worms interchange" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
- ^ a b Cockerell, Penny (June 29, 2006). "50 Years: As the intersection of Interstates 35, 40, and 44, Oklahoma is at America's crossroads". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. p. 2A.
- ^ Medley, Robert (June 29, 2006). "Highways continue to drive economy". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. p. 1D.
- ISBN 1-4027-3468-9.[page needed]
- ^ Jansen, Meghan (December 17, 2010). "All Interstate 29/35 Ramps and Lanes Open Tomorrow: On-Budget and Six Months Ahead of Schedule" (Press release). Missouri Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
- ^ "I-35 Corridor Section". Trans-Texas Corridor Study. Archived from the original on May 9, 2007.
- ^ Kovach, Gretel (December 10, 2007). "Highway to Hell?". Newsweek. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
- ^ Kasper, Joe (July 25, 2007). "Hunter NAFTA Super Highway Amendment Passes House" (Press release). Office of Congressman Duncan Hunter. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008.
- ^ "Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) History for HB 1201". Texas Legislature. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
- ^ "Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) Text for HB 1201" (PDF). Texas Legislature. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
- ISBN 978-0-528-00771-2.