Investigational New Drug
Regulation of therapeutic goods in the United States |
---|
Prescription drugs Over-the-counter drugs |
The United States
Types
- Research or investigator INDs are non-commercial INDs filed by researchers to study an unapproved drug or to study an approved drug for a new indication or in a new patient population.
- Emergency Use INDs, also called compassionate use or single-patient INDs, are filed for emergency use of an unapproved drug when the clinical situation does not allow sufficient time to submit an IND in accordance with 21 CFR §§ 312.23, 312.24. These are most commonly used for life-threatening conditions for which there is no standard treatment.
- Treatment INDs are filed to make a drug available for the treatment of serious or immediately life-threatening conditions prior to FDA approval. Serious diseases or conditions are stroke, schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic depression, seizures, Alzheimer's dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and narcolepsy.
- Screening INDs are filed for multiple, closely related compounds in order to screen for the preferred compounds or formulations. The preferred compound can then be developed under a separate IND. Used for screening different salts, esters and other drug derivatives that are chemically different, but pharmacodynamically similar.
Application
The IND application may be divided into the following categories:[1]
- Preclinical testing consists of animal pharmacology and toxicology studies to assess whether the drug is safe for testing in humans. Also included are any previous experience with the drug in humans (often foreign use).
- Manufacturing Information includes composition, manufacturer, and stability of, and the controls used for, manufacturing the drug. Used to ensure that the company can adequately produce and supply consistent batches of the drug.
- Investigator information on the qualifications of clinical investigators, that is, the professionals (generally physicians) who oversee the administration of the experimental drug to the study subjects. Used to assess whether the investigators are qualified to fulfill their clinical trial duties.
- Clinical trial protocolsare the centerpiece of the IND. Detailed protocols for proposed clinical studies to assess whether the initial-phase trials will expose the subjects to unnecessary risks.
- Other commitments are commitments to obtain informed consent from the research subjects, to obtain a review of the study by an institutional review board (IRB), and to adhere to the investigational new drug regulations.
An IND must also include an
Once an IND is submitted, the FDA has 30 days to object to the IND or it automatically becomes effective and clinical trials may begin. If the FDA detects a problem, it may place a clinical hold on the IND, prohibiting the start of the clinical studies until the problem is resolved.[citation needed]
Experimental drugs under an IND must be labeled "Caution: New Drug – Limited by Federal (or United States) law to investigational use."
Prevalence
Approximately two-thirds of both INDs and
Examples
The FDA runs a
Sanctioned by
See also
- Abigail Alliance for Better Access to Developmental Drugs
- Animal drug
- Biologics license application
- Drug discovery
- FDA Fast Track Development Program
- Good Manufacturing Practice
- Inverse benefit law
- Orphan drug
- TOL101
References
- ISBN 9780470571224.
- ^ "4 Americans get medical pot from the feds". CBS News. September 28, 2011.
External links
- Investigational New Drug (IND) Application Process Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration.
- ICH Guidance for Industry, E6 Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated Guidance. BROKEN LINK
- Troetel, W.M.: Achieving a Successful US IND Filing (1) The Regulatory Affairs Journal. 6: 22–28, January 1995.
- Troetel, W.M.: Achieving a Successful US IND Filing (2) The Regulatory Affairs Journal. 6: 104–108, February 1995.
- IND Forms and Instructions from the US Food and Drug Administration