Inwood, Manhattan
Inwood | |
---|---|
UTC−4 (EDT) | |
ZIP Codes | 10034, 10040 |
Area code | 212, 332, 646, and 917 |
Inwood is a neighborhood in the
Inwood is part of Manhattan Community District 12, and its primary ZIP Code is 10034. It is served by the 34th Precinct of the New York City Police Department and Engine Company 95/Ladder Company 36 of the New York City Fire Department. Politically, it is part of the New York City Council's 10th district.
History
Lenape history
The north end of Manhattan, with its clam beds, cornfields, and annual fish runs, was the "best place to live" on the island before the Dutch and British colonists arrived in the 17th century.[4] There was a large Lenape town straddling the Manhattan and Bronx sides of what is now called the Harlem River.[4] Shorakapkok means 'sitting-down place' in the Munsee language.[4]
Colonial history
On May 24, 1626, according to legend,
During the British occupation of Manhattan in the
19th century to present
The area between 190th and 192nd Streets was occupied by the Fort George Amusement Park, a trolley park/amusement park, from 1895 to 1914. Its site is now a seating area in Highbridge Park, which itself was laid out in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[9]
Inwood was a very rural section of Manhattan well into the early 20th century. Once the
The last family-owned farm in Manhattan is believed to have been in Inwood, close to the intersection of Broadway and 214th Street. It was operated by the Benedetto family and occupied an entire city block.[11] The farm site was developed after being sold in 1954.[12]
Demographics
For census purposes, the New York City government classifies Inwood as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called Inwood and
The racial composition of Inwood and Marble Hill changed moderately from 2000 to 2010, with the most significant changes being the Black population's decrease by 13% (661) and the Hispanic / Latino population's decrease by 5% (1,880). Meanwhile, the White population grew by 5% (335) and remained a minority, as with the Asian population which grew by 11% (86); the small population of all other races decreased by 24% (221).[16]
The entirety of Community District 12, which comprises Inwood and Washington Heights, had 195,830 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.4 years.[17]: 2, 20 This is about the same as the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[18]: 53 (PDF p. 84) Most inhabitants are children and middle-aged adults: 33% are between the ages of 25 and 44, while 25% are between 45 and 64, and 19% are between 0 and 17. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 10% and 13% respectively.[17]: 2
As of 2019, the median
Trends
The residents of Inwood were substantially of
Today, Inwood has a predominantly Dominican population, especially in the areas east of Broadway; it has the highest concentration of residents of Dominican descent in New York City.[19] Hispanic residents make up 74 percent of Inwood's population as a whole, according to census data.[20] Nearly half of the residents were born outside the US.[19]
Land use and terrain
Geography
Inwood is physically bounded by the Harlem River to the north and east, and the Hudson River to the west. It extends southward to Fort Tryon Park and alternatively Dyckman Street or Fairview Avenue farther south, depending on the source.[21][22]
While Inwood is the northernmost neighborhood on the island of Manhattan, it is not the northernmost neighborhood of the entire borough of Manhattan. That distinction is held by
Geology
The development of Inwood in the early 20th century resulted in the demolition of many rock outcroppings. However, several outcroppings still exist, including on Cooper Street between 204th and 207th Streets; at Broadway and West 216th Street; and in the garden of Holy Trinity Episcopal Church at Seaman Avenue and Cumming Street.[25] The rock on Cooper Street contains a garden maintained by a nearby housing cooperative at 60 Cooper Street, which owns half of the rock.[25][26]
The seismologically active Dyckman Street Fault runs east-west beneath the Dyckman Valley. As recently as 1989, activity of this fault caused a magnitude 2 earthquake.[27][28][29]
Land use
Commercial retail uses are mainly located along Broadway, Dyckman Street and West 207th Street. In recent years Dyckman Street west of Broadway has become a popular entertainment district with many restaurants and lounges. Offices are typically located on second floors over retail, or in the neighborhood's sole office building (a converted telephone building) at Broadway and West 215th Street. Inwood also contains one of Manhattan's few remaining C-8 zoning districts, which concentrates automotive uses on the northern stretches of Broadway.
Industrial uses, including depots for subway (
The major residential land use in Inwood is multifamily five- to eight-story prewar apartment buildings. New construction is rare. Most of the remaining detached and semi-detached houses on Manhattan Island are located in Inwood, nestled between apartment buildings. Adjacent to Sherman Creek is Inwood's public housing development, known as the Dyckman Houses and constructed in 1951.
Real estate
Inwood's real estate rents and values are sharply bifurcated between east and west. According to Manhattan Community Board 12, the districts east of Broadway are predominantly lower-income. This area is also more industrial and commercial and has fewer parks and street trees. Real estate values and rents are correspondingly lower than the area west of Broadway. Almost all of Inwood's co-ops and all of the private houses are located on the west side of Broadway.[31] According to one study in 2019, Inwood had the lowest average rents in Manhattan.[32]
In 2015, New York City began soliciting community comments on a major rezoning proposal for Inwood. The New York City Economic Development Corporation proposed to alter the area's 50-year-old current zoning plan by dividing Inwood into five sub-districts called "the tip of Manhattan", "Upland Wedge", "Upland Core", "Commercial U" and "Sherman Creek". Some of these sub-districts would be rezoned to encourage the construction of new commercial space and housing. A resident recalls being told by a city planner, "Don't think you can keep this nice neighborhood all to yourselves."[19] The rezoning proposal has triggered much feedback from the community,[33] including a sleep-in at Councilman Ydanis Rodriguez's office.[19] In August 2018, the New York City Council approved a measure to rezone the neighborhood.[34] The rezoning of Inwood allows for the construction of buildings of up to 30 stories in some areas targeted for redevelopment while introducing an 8 story height limit to many existing residential areas. Following the rezoning, over $610 million in real estate was purchased.[32]
The rezoning includes 2,600 units of affordable housing. It was met with pushback from locals, who formed a group called "Northern Manhattan is Not for Sale".[35][36] Expressing concerns about gentrification and rezoning,[37] the group sued to halt the rezoning in December 2018.[35][36][37] The plaintiffs cited concerns over the city's environmental review process,[36] saying the review should have included a racial impact study.[38][39] The city stated that the review complied with the city's legal standards and that a racial impact study was unnecessary.[35][39] The New York Supreme Court initially ruled in favor of the plaintiffs in December 2019, but it was overturned on appeal in July 2020. In part as a result of the lawsuit, the City Council passed a bill in June 2021, requiring developers to conduct a study of up to two years of potential displacement and gentrification trends and effects before starting a new project.[37]
Institutions and landmarks
The area's largest cultural attraction is The Cloisters in Fort Tryon Park. This branch of the Metropolitan Museum of Art is devoted to Medieval art and culture, and is located in a medieval-style building, portions of which were purchased in Europe, brought to the United States, and reassembled.[40] Its tower dominates the skyline of the area and the museum can be easily accessed via steep pathways leading up from Dyckman Street.
From
Bridges spanning Spuyten Duyvil Creek include the Henry Hudson Bridge, the longest fixed arch bridge in the world when built in 1936, and the Spuyten Duyvil Bridge, a railroad swing bridge reconstructed numerous times since originally opening in 1849. Road bridges are the Broadway Bridge and the University Heights Bridge, both important local structures.
The local hospital in Inwood is the
The oldest building in Inwood is the
A farmers' market takes place on Isham Street on Saturdays, year-round.
The
At the North Cove at 207th Street and the Harlem River, both the shoreline and the water just off it have been rehabilitated from their former derelict polluted state by James Cataldi (also known as the "Birdman of Inwood") into a flourishing wetland teeming with geese, ducks, and other varieties of fowl.[45]
Parks
NYC Parks facilities
Inwood Hill Park, on the Hudson River, is a very large and old-growth forested city park. It is known for its caves that were used by the Lenape before Europeans arrived, and the last salt marsh in Manhattan.[46]: 34–35 Birdwatchers come to the park to see waterbirds, raptors, and a wide variety of migratory birds. The wooded section, consisting mostly of abandoned former summer estates, features the last natural forest standing on Manhattan Island. Tennis courts, three playgrounds, a waterfront promenade and ten miles of hiking trails are also prominent components of the park.[47][48] The ballfields at 214th Street, surrounded by the land that comprises Inwood Hill Park, are considered to be part of neighboring Isham Park[49]
Isham Park sits roughly between Broadway, Isham Street, Seaman Avenue, and West 214th and 215th Streets. The park once extended to the Harlem River, but after the creation of Inwood Hill Park and the reconfiguration of area streets, the northwest boundary became, for the most part, Seaman Avenue.[49] The extent of the current park now equals that of the original Isham estate. The Isham mansion, which originally came with the park gift, was torn down in the 1940s due to its deteriorating condition.[50]
Other parks in or adjoining Inwood include
Columbia facilities
In January 2014, a 1-acre (0.40 ha) park called Muscota Marsh opened to the public between Inwood Hill Park and Baker Field as part of an agreement with the city for the development of the Campbell Athletic Center at West 218th Street and Broadway. This waterfront park was built by Columbia and is jointly administered by the city parks department and the university.[52]
The Inwood waterfront is also home to Columbia University's Boathouse, the "1929 Boathouse". It stands next to the "Gould-Remmer Boathouse" which was originally constructed in 1895 as the Gould Boathouse at 116th Street on the Hudson River and was relocated here in 1989. This new structure now houses the Ivy League school's Crew team and hosts inter-collegiate rowing competitions.[53] In July 2018, a harbor seal nicknamed "Sealy" started showing up by the structure, garnering media attention.[54]
Community gardens
The Lt. William Tighe Triangle, aka the Riverside-Inwood Neighborhood Garden (RING), is the northernmost piece of Ft. Tryon Park and lies at the confluence of Riverside Drive, Dyckman Street, Broadway, and Seaman Avenue.[55] It is Inwood's oldest community garden, having been founded in 1984. Bruce's Garden is another notable community garden, located in the northeast corner of Isham Park.
Local newspaper
Manhattan Times is a free English/Spanish bilingual community newspaper serving Spanish-speaking areas of Upper Manhattan, including Washington Heights.[56] It was founded in 1999[57][58] or 2000[59]: 205 by Luís A. Miranda Jr., Roberto Ramírez Sr., and David Keisman.[59]: 205 [58] The newspaper features stories about news and events of interest to residents on the city and neighborhood level, and is funded in part by private advertisements in addition to public service announcements.[60]
Police and crime
Inwood is served by the 34th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 4295 Broadway, along with Washington Heights north of 179th Street.[61][62] The 34th Precinct ranked 23rd safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[63] As of 2018[update], the neighborhood has a non-fatal assault hospitalization rate of 43 per 100,000 people, lower than the citywide rate of 59 per 100,000; however, its incarceration rate of 482 per 100,000 adults is slightly higher than the citywide rate of 425 per 100,000.[17]: 8
In 2020, the 34th Precinct reported 7 murders, 16 rapes, 205 robberies, 213 felony assaults, 226 burglaries, 444
Fire safety
Inwood is served by the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Company 95/Ladder Company 36/Foam Unit 95, located at 29 Vermilyea Avenue.[66][67]
Health
As of 2018[update],
The concentration of
Eighty-one percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, less than the citywide average of 87%. In 2018, 68% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", also less than the citywide average of 78%.[17]: 13 For every supermarket in Community District 12, there are 13 bodegas.[17]: 10
The overall life expectancy of Community District 12 is 84, 2.8 years greater than the citywide average.[17]: 20 Its rates of premature death from cancer (39.1 per 100,000) and heart disease (26.1 per 100,000) are significantly lower than the citywide rates, although its drug-related death rate (9.6 per 100,000) is similar and its suicide death rate (7.2 per 100,000) is higher.[17]: 18
Politics
Politically, Inwood is in New York's 13th congressional district, represented by Democrat Adriano Espaillat as of 2017[update].[75] It is also part of the 31st State Senate District,[76][77] represented by Democrat Robert Jackson,[78] and the 71st and 72nd State Assembly districts,[79][80] represented respectively by Democrats Al Taylor and Manny De Los Santos.[81] In the City Council, the neighborhood is part of the 10th district,[82] represented by Democrat Carmen De La Rosa.[83]
Post offices and ZIP Codes
Depending on how its southern boundary is defined, Inwood occupies one or two
Education
Community District 12 has fewer college graduates and more high school dropouts compared to the borough and city as a whole. Only 38% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, compared to 64% boroughwide and 43% citywide; meanwhile, 29% of adults in Community District 12 did not finish high school, compared to 13% boroughwide and 19% citywide.[17]: 6 Elementary school absenteeism is similar to the rest of the city: as of 2018[update], 19% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, compared to 18% boroughwide and 20% citywide.[18]: 24 (PDF p. 55)
Inwood is part of District 6, along with
Schools
Public schools
The New York City Department of Education operates public schools in Inwood as part of Community School District 6.[95] As with most other school districts in New York City, District 6 has both zoned schools, which take students mainly from a small area in the neighborhood, and unzoned schools, which admit students from anywhere in the district.[96] Zoned public elementary and elementary/middle schools include:[90]
- PS 5 Ellen Lurie (grades PK-5)[97]
- PS/IS 18 Park Terrace (grades K-8)[98] (moving in 2024)
- PS 98 Shorac Kappock (grades PK-5)[99]
- PS 152 Dyckman Valley (grades PK-5)[100]
- Paula Hedbavny School (grades K-8)[101] (moving in 2024)
Unzoned elementary or elementary/middle schools include:
- PS 178 Professor Juan Bosch (grades K-5)[102]
- Amistad Dual Language School (grades K-8)[103]
- Muscota New School (grades K-5)[104]
- Washington Heights Academy (grades PK-8)[105]
Middle schools include:
Inwood also has the High School for Excellence and Innovation located on the corner of Academy Street and Broadway. It is a transfer school, founded in 2009 and serving grades 9 to 12.[108][109]
Charter and private schools
There are a growing number of public charter schools now located in Inwood:
- Inwood Academy for Leadership
- Amber Charter School
- School in the Square
- Zeta Charter School (under construction)
There are several private religious schools in Inwood:
- Good Shepherd School, a PK–8 Roman Catholic school
- Manhattan Christian Academy, a PK–8 nondenominational Christian school
- Our Lady Queen of Martyrs School, a PK–8 Roman Catholic school
There is one higher-education classroom campus in Inwood:
Library
The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates the Inwood branch at 4790 Broadway. The first library in Inwood opened in 1902 as a partnership between NYPL and the Dyckman Library, and the NYPL opened several small branches in Inwood in 1923. These branches were consolidated with the opening of the current three-story branch in 1952. The Inwood branch was relocated to a temporary location across the street in 2020 for construction of a mixed-use complex on the site that combines affordable apartments with a new library facility in the base.[110][111]
Transportation
Inwood's main local thoroughfare is
Public transportation
Public transportation service is provided by the
Subway
Inwood's New York City Subway stations are located along two corridors: the IND Eighth Avenue Line on Broadway and the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line on Nagle and Tenth Avenues. The Broadway corridor's underground stations at Dyckman Street and Inwood–207th Street (a subway terminus) are served by the A train. Along Nagle and Tenth Avenues the elevated Dyckman Street, 207th Street, and 215th Street stations are served by the 1 train.[114] Out of these stations, only the Inwood–207th Street IND and Dyckman Street IRT stations are accessible.[115]
-
Entrance to theAnne Loftus Playground
-
The Dyckman Street IND station's northbound exit
-
Entrance to the elevated 215th Street station on Tenth Avenue
Bus
Inwood is also served by the following MTA Regional Bus Operations bus routes:[113][116]
- M100: to East Harlemvia Broadway, Dyckman Street, and Tenth Avenue
- College of Mount Saint Vincentvia Broadway
- Bx12: to Bay Plaza Shopping Center / Orchard Beach, Bronx via 207th Street and Fordham Road–Pelham Parkway
- Bx20: to Riverdale, Bronx or Washington Heightsvia Broadway
- BxM1: express to Riverdale, Bronx or Midtown Manhattanvia East Side
Cycling
Bike infrastructure in Inwood is slowly expanding, though at a slower pace than the rest of Manhattan. Painted lanes are located on Sherman Avenue, Seaman Avenue (northbound) and the western portion of Dyckman Street. Seaman Avenue (southbound) and West 218th Street are marked with sharrows (shared lane markings). Protected bike lanes run along most of Dyckman Street. The Manhattan Waterfront Greenway can be accessed from Inwood on both the Hudson and Harlem River sides; in addition, a 0.75-mile (1.21 km) dead-end stub along the Hudson waterfront below Dyckman Street was added in 2014. Technically, there is a ban on bicycles in Inwood Hill Park except for its western edge and the Henry Hudson Bridge. The Broadway Bridge is undergoing a multi-year rehabilitation, which will include the addition of protected bike lanes north of 218th St to the Bronx.[117]
Notable residents
Notable current and former residents of Inwood include:
- Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born 1947), former NBA basketball star, grew up in the Dyckman Houses as Lew Alcindor.[118]
- Grace Andreacchi (born 1954), novelist, poet and playwright.[119]
- Jim Carroll (1950–2009), author of The Basketball Diaries, an autobiography set in 1960s Inwood which was adapted into a film in 1995 starring Leonardo DiCaprio.[120]
- Jack Gore (born 2005), actor who is best known for his protagonist role as Timmy Cleary in ABC's The Kids Are Alright.[121]
- Wynn Handman (1922–2020), Artistic Director of The American Place Theatre.[122]
- Bess Houdini (1876–1943), wife of magician and stunt performer Harry Houdini, lived at 67 Payson Avenue and conducted seances to contact him after his death.[123]
- Walter Koenig (born 1936), actor who played Pavel Chekov on Star Trek, moved to Inwood as a young child and attended public school in the neighborhood.[124]
- Brian Lehrer (born 1952), radio host on WNYC.[125]
- Lionel Mapleson (1865–1937), violinist and librarian of the Metropolitan Opera House for nearly 50 years. Creator of the Mapleson Cylinders, one of the earliest recordings of live classical music. Mapleson lived on Park Terrace East at the time of his death.[126]
- Anthony Marx (born 1959), president and CEO of the New York Public Library.[127]
- Paul Stanley (born 1952), musician and co-founder of the American rock band Kiss, was born in Inwood and lived in the neighborhood until age 8.[129]
- Henry Stern (1935–2019), longtime former Commissioner of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.[130]
- Isidor Straus (1845–1912), owner of Macy's department store, owned a country estate that was located in present-day Inwood Hill Park[131]
- JULIO 204, early graffiti writer and resident 204th street, inspiration for TAKI 183[132]
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Clam beds, clearings for cornfields and yearly fish runs made the north end of Manhattan the island's best place to live. A large Lenape (Delaware) town straddled the Bronx and Manhattan sides of the Harlem River. But when the Dutch and British colonists arrived in the 1600s, they brought war, disease, tax demands and farm animals that destroyed the Lenape's corn. The Lenape were eventually forced into Canada, Pennsylvania and New Jersey and further west, into Kansas, Ohio and Oklahoma.
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- ISBN 9780231111423.
Further reading
- Renner, James (2007). Images of America: Washington Heights, Inwood, and Marble Hill. ISBN 9780738554785.
- Thompson, Cole; Rice, Don (2019). Images of America: Lost Inwood. ISBN 9781467102780.