Iodine monochloride

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Iodine monochloride
I-Cl bond length = 232.07 pm
I-Cl bond length = 232.07 pm
Space-filling model
Space-filling model
A sample of Iodine monochloride reagent
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Iodine monochloride
Iodine(I) chloride
Systematic IUPAC name
Chloroiodane
Other names
Iodine chloride
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.029.306 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 232-236-7
MeSH Iodine-monochloride
UNII
UN number 1792
  • InChI=1S/ClI/c1-2 checkY
    Key: QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1S/ClI/c1-2
    Key: QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/ClI/c1-2
    Key: QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYAO
  • ClI
Properties
ICl
Molar mass 162.35 g/mol
Appearance reddish-brown
Density 3.10 g/cm3
Melting point 27.2 °C (81.0 °F; 300.3 K) (α-form)
13.9 °C (β-form)
Boiling point 97.4 °C (207.3 °F; 370.5 K)
Hydrolyzes
Solubility soluble in CS2
acetic acid
pyridine
alcohol, ether, HCl
−54.6×10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Corrosive, reacts with water to release HCl
Safety data sheet (SDS) https://chemicalsafety.com/sds1/sdsviewer.php?id=30683304
Related compounds
Related interhalogen compounds
 Chlorine monofluoride
Bromine monochloride
Iodine monobromide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Iodine monochloride is an

Gay-Lussac, iodine monochloride is the first interhalogen compound discovered.[1]

Preparation

Iodine monochloride is produced simply by combining the halogens in a 1:1 molar ratio, according to the equation

I2 + Cl2 → 2 ICl

When chlorine gas is passed through iodine crystals, one observes the brown vapor of iodine monochloride. Dark brown iodine monochloride liquid is collected. Excess chlorine converts iodine monochloride into iodine trichloride in a reversible reaction:

ICl + Cl2 ⇌ ICl3

Polymorphs

ICl has two

polymorphs; α-ICl, which exists as black needles (red by transmitted light) with a melting point of 27.2 °C, and β-ICl, which exists as black platelets (red-brown by transmitted light) with a melting point 13.9 °C.[2]

In the crystal structures of both polymorphs the molecules are arranged in zigzag chains. β-ICl is monoclinic with the space group P21/c.[3]

Reactions and uses

Iodine monochloride is soluble in acids such as HF and HCl but reacts with pure water to form HCl, iodine, and iodic acid:

ICl + H2O → HCl + HI + 1⁄2O2
2 ICl + H2O → 2 HCl + I2 + 1⁄2O2
5 ICl + 3 H2O → 5 HCl + HIO3 + 2 I2

ICl is a useful

aromatic iodides.[4]
It also cleaves C–Si bonds.

ICl will also add to the double bond in alkenes to give chloro-iodo alkanes.

RCH=CHR′ + ICl → RCH(I)–CH(Cl)R′

When such reactions are conducted in the presence of sodium azide, the iodo-azide RCH(I)–CH(N3)R′ is obtained.[5]

The Wijs solution, iodine monochloride dissolved in acetic acid, is used to determine the iodine value of a substance.

It can also be used to prepare iodates, by reaction with a chlorate. Chlorine is released as a byproduct.

Iodine monochloride is a

adducts with Lewis bases such as dimethylacetamide and benzene
.

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
    .
  2. ^
    doi:10.1002/047084289X.ri014
  3. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62000882
    .
  4. ^ Wallingford, V. H.; Krüger, P. A. (1943). "5-Iodo-anthranilic Acid". Organic Syntheses; Collected Volumes, vol. 2, p. 349.
  5. ^ Padwa, A.; Blacklock, T.; Tremper, A. "3-Phenyl-2H-Azirine-2-carboxaldehyde". Organic Syntheses; Collected Volumes, vol. 6, p. 893.
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