Iquitos
This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2021) |
Iquitos
San Pablo de Nuevo Napeanos | |
---|---|
UTC-5 (PET) | |
UBIGEO | 1601 |
Area code | 65 |
ISO 3166 code | PE-LOR |
Climate | Af |
Website | www.munimaynas.gob.pe |
Iquitos (
It is known as the "capital of the Peruvian Amazon". The city is located in the Great Plains of the Amazon Basin, fed by the Amazon, Nanay, and Itaya rivers. Overall, it constitutes the Iquitos metropolitan area, a conurbation of 471,993 inhabitants consisting of four districts: Iquitos, Punchana, Belén, and San Juan Bautista.
The area has long been inhabited by indigenous peoples. According to Spanish historical documents, Iquitos was established around 1757 as a Spanish
In the late 19th century, during the
As one of the leading cities, along with Manaus, during the Amazon rubber boom (1880–1914), Iquitos was influenced by the numerous Europeans who flocked to it. Architecture and cultural institutions established during this period expressed their own traditions. An opera house and Jewish cemetery were among the institutions established.
Later in the 20th century, the city and region diversified its economy. The region exported timber, fish and its by-products, oil, minerals, and agricultural crops. It also derives revenue from tourism and related crafts. In 1999, the city consolidated its four municipalities.
History
Early period
The area was inhabited for thousands of years by
Between 1638 and 1769, the Iquitos and other native tribes of the Marañon rivers were obliged to settle down in various Missions (known as reducciones or reductions) founded and run by
Commencing in 1730, the Jesuits took 37 years to found the Iquitos missions along the Marañon River, close to the mouth of the
The following is a chronological list of noted Iquitos Missions founded by Bahamonde and other Jesuits:
- 1730, Santa Maria de la Luz de los Iquitos "town," founded by Father Bahamonde – as recorded in the Archives of the Indies in Spain.
- 1740, Juan Nepomuceno de Iquitos, founded by Father Bahamonde
- 1741, Santa Bárbara de Iquitos, founded by Father Bahamonde
- 1742, San Sebastián de Iquitos, founded by fathers Bahamonde and Bretano
- 1748, Sagrado Corazón de Jesús de Maracanos (de Iquitos), founded by Father Bahamonde
- 1754, Santa María de Iquitos, founded by Father Uriarte
- 1757, San Pablo de los Napeanos, founded by Father Bahamonde
- 1763 San Javier de Iquitos, founded by Father Palme
- 1767 San José de Iquitos, founded by Father Uriarte. Later that year the Jesuits were expelled from South America by order of Charles III.
During the Spanish Colonial era, most of the Jesuit missions were under the jurisdiction of the
19th century: independence
In the early 19th century, following independence,
Because Peru discovered that Ecuador and Colombia neglected to effectively control their Amazonian territories during their colonial era, Peru decided to back its de jure titles with de facto possession by setting up military posts in the relatively isolated trading villages and then flooding the disputed area with Peruvian colonists. The only problem lay with the expanding ambitions of Brazil, since it had slowly settled its part of the disputed area with colonists throughout its colonial era; it had a trading relationship with the Spanish-speaking trading posts and villages along the Marañon River. To neutralize Brazil from impeding Peru's planned colonization project, on 23 October 1851, Peru peacefully settled its disputes with Brazil and both countries agreed to a bilateral free navigation and friendly trade along the Amazon River.[6]
As a result of the Peruvian-Brazilian treaty, the Peruvian President
This date is marked as the founding of the first fluvial Peruvian port of Iquitos by the government of Peru. A dockyard and navy factorage imported from England was immediately constructed. In time Iquitos grew so much that it was designated as the capital of the Department of Loreto on 9 November 1897. Iquitos also became the seat of a Roman Catholic Apostolic vicariate.[9] Peru was able to map out and assume de facto control of the majority of the area of the Amazon region under dispute with Ecuador and Colombia. After many skirmishes with Ecuadorian and Colombian outposts, that at times led to war, Peru settled its border with Colombia in 1922 and with Ecuador in 1942.
Rubber boom in the 20th century
Beginning in the 1900s, Iquitos became wealthy through its
There were twenty-five different commercial houses dealing with rubber at Iquitos in the year 1900.[10] These enterprises were founded by influential citizens of the city, some of the most prominent of these people include Julio César Arana, Cecilio Hernandez, as well as Luis and Adolfo Morey. Rubber entrepreneurs participated in regional politics, and directly as well as indirectly funded the development of the city. In 1901, Luis F. Morey became a senator for the department of Loreto, which Iquitos was the capital of. Enrique A. Llosa, who had a business relationship with Arana and Luis Morey, became the mayor of Iquitos in 1901. The following year, Arana became the city's mayor.[11] Cecilio Hernandez was also elected as the mayor, later in 1906. A number of successful rubber entrepreneurs held political offices, or had influence over politics in the city during this era.
Among the unique communities formed by the 19th-century immigrants to the rubber boom was one of Sephardic Jews from Morocco. Many of the men married native women and made families in Iquitos. They established a synagogue and the Jewish cemetery. In the first generation, some of the women or children converted to Judaism, but by the end of the 20th century, four or five generations later, most descendants were no longer practicing Jews. Most were reared as Catholic.
In the 1990s, a descendant of a Jewish settler undertook serious study of Judaism. He began to revive the practice of Judaism among his family, friends, and other Sephardi descendants. After years of study, with the help of a sympathetic Conservative rabbi in Lima and another from Brooklyn, New York, eventually a few hundred people studied, practiced as Jews, and converted to Judaism. (Formal conversion was necessary according to Halakha as their mothers were not Jewish.) Many of the converts have emigrated to Israel under its Law of Return. A documentary was made about this community in 2010. Emigration of Peruvians from this Iquitos community has continued; about 150 emigrated in 2013 to 2014, see "Peruvian Jews in Israel" for more.
The wealthiest Europeans built great mansions in the late 19th century, some of which survive. Casa de Fierro (Spanish for the Iron House) is said to have been designed by Gustave Eiffel, designer of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, but evidence supporting this claim is scant. After a Briton, Henry Wickham, smuggled rubber seeds out of the area to establish competing rubber plantations in British colonies in southeast Asia and Africa, the boom came to an end. In addition, a 1913 investigative report by Roger Casement, the British consul-general to Iquitos who had investigated labor conditions for natives in the Congo Free State when it was under King Leopold's control, revealed the abuses of indigenous workers in the Amazon Basin by the Peruvian Amazon Company (PAC), owned by businessman Julio César Arana. Its several British board members and numerous stockholders in London were pressured to force changes in operations of the company. Many British divested themselves of this company in an effort to force changes. Arana returned to Peru, where he remained in charge of the PAC. Asian rubber was soon produced at lower cost and undercut that of South America, and rubber declined in importance in Peru.
Iquitos continued as an important trading port in the Amazon basin. It exploited its timber, oil and mineral resources for export and processing, along with agricultural and other products.
On 13 August 2012, a special
In 2021, it was announced that a large (100 MW/100 MWH) solar and storage power facility would be built at Iquitos by 2026, replacing as much as half the diesel burned to produce electricity in the city.[14]
Geography
Iquitos is located in northeastern
It is surrounded by the Port of Iquitos, formed by the Amazon, Nanay and Itaya rivers. The city is situated on the left bank of the Amazon River, which provides a characteristic economic life, including trade and transport.[15] The Itaya and Nanay rivers limit the physical expansion of the city in that direction; new development is growing toward the south and there is a slight population density in Downtown Iquitos. Close to Iquitos are a number of lagoons and lakes; Moronococha Lake is a boundary to the city on the west. These features make the city seem like a huge, faux river island.
Geologically, the city is settled in a
Climate
Iquitos experiences an equatorial climate that is a
The
Winter offers a drier, sunnier climate. Although July and August are the driest months, they have some periods of downpours. Sunny days and good weather are common. Rainfall is more abundant here than in Ayacucho, Cusco, or Lima.
Iquitos also has microclimates: rain or drizzle may be present in some areas of the districts, while other parts of the city are slightly cloudy or clear. The temperature may vary. The urban climate is slightly warmer than the natural climate, and would be reflected by the thermal sensation. It suffers from a phenomenon called urban heat island, when the city's heat has difficulty dissipating during the night hours due to absorption by buildings and pavement.
Climate data for Iquitos, Peru (1961–1990, extremes 1947–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 42.2 (108.0) |
37.0 (98.6) |
42.2 (108.0) |
36.2 (97.2) |
39.0 (102.2) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.8 (100.0) |
41.1 (106.0) |
38.4 (101.1) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.4 (99.3) |
36.5 (97.7) |
42.2 (108.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.6 (88.9) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.6 (87.1) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.4 (88.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.9 (78.6) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
25.4 (77.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.8 (78.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.1 (71.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.1 (71.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.5 (63.5) |
16.0 (60.8) |
14.7 (58.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
16.8 (62.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 279.0 (10.98) |
226.7 (8.93) |
279.0 (10.98) |
309.8 (12.20) |
273.7 (10.78) |
190.1 (7.48) |
181.9 (7.16) |
164.6 (6.48) |
189.0 (7.44) |
241.9 (9.52) |
260.2 (10.24) |
282.4 (11.12) |
2,878.3 (113.32) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 14 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 148 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
80 | 81 | 80 | 83 | 83 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 80 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 167.4 | 149.7 | 151.9 | 159.0 | 173.6 | 189.0 | 213.9 | 226.3 | 213.0 | 198.4 | 180.0 | 158.1 | 2,180.3 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 5.4 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 6.0 |
Source 1: NOAA,[17] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[18] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (mean temperatures 1949–1956, precipitation days 1970–1990, humidity 1951–1969, and sun)[19] |
Natural hazards
The main natural hazard is
Other natural hazards are heat waves where temperatures can reach over 37 °C (99 °F) with a heat index of 45 °C (113 °F) which is caused by the low humidity on clear days. Cold waves are also curious in Iquitos: cold air from the tip of the continent driven by the dynamics of the atmosphere, comes to town and causes a drop in temperature, moderate rainfall and thunderstorms. The trade winds also come to cause gales reaching 60 km/h (37 mph). In October 2012, Iquitos experienced high temperatures and heavy thunderstorms.
Earthquakes in the city are very rare and very deep. Iquitos is located in Region 3 of Systematic Regionalization Map of Peru, which means that the city has a low coefficient seismic value, although the 2011 Peru earthquake, which occurred southeast of Contamana, was felt in the city as a small and unexpected jolt.[15]
Ecology
Due to its location in the Peruvian Amazon, Iquitos has a green landscape with a vast variety of life. The flora is varied with great presence of 850 species, including 22 species of palms and orchids, who provide the attractive forest within the urban landscape of the city. Lilies are also present. The extensive forests seated within the metropolitan area host fauna including 130 species of mammals, 330 species of birds, 150 species of reptiles and amphibians, and 250 species of fish. Within the city, inhabiting the rock dove (Columba livia), especially in the Square 28 de Julio. Also recorded is the transient presence of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) who come from the Atlantic Ocean, traveling 3,360 miles to reach Iquitos.
The floodplain forest of Iquitos is the peculiar ecoregion which surrounds the city, and is characterized by a
The great biodiversity that the Iquitos Metropolitan Area houses and protects is paramount, and that is intrinsically related to its urban planning, which puts a limit action in areas where farms should not be built. Because of this, the appearance of
Natural reserves and zoos
The importance of the existence of nature reserves is a priority in Iquitos for ecosystem protection.
The
The
Demography
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1808 | 171 | — |
1842 | 200 | +17.0% |
1860 | 300 | +50.0% |
1862 | 431 | +43.7% |
1864 | 648 | +50.3% |
1876 | 1,475 | +127.6% |
1903 | 9,438 | +539.9% |
1928 | 22,575 | +139.2% |
1961 | 57,772 | +155.9% |
1964 | 76,400 | +32.2% |
1972 | 110,402 | +44.5% |
1981 | 178,738 | +61.9% |
1993 | 274,759 | +53.7% |
2007 | 370,962 | +35.0% |
2012 | 457,865 | +23.4% |
2015 | 471,993 | +3.1% |
In 1808, Hipolito Sanchez Rangel, the bishop of Maynas, reported that the village of Iquitos had 171 inhabitants and on 8 June 1842, the date when the town was elevated to a district, it had just over 200 inhabitants.
In 1860, according to Paz Soldan, the town had only 300 inhabitants. Two years later, the population increased to about 431 inhabitants and in 1864, there were 648 people, predominantly mestizo due to the presence of families from Borja, Santiago, Santa Teresa, Barranca and others, who fled away from the attack on the Huambisas and Aguaruna native and destroyed the villages.
According to Genaro Herrera, in 1866, Iquitos had a population of 648 people. For 1876, again the same author reports a population of 1,475 inhabitants.
In 1903, in the middle of the
Currently, Iquitos has emerged as the largest city in the Peruvian Amazon. Counted by the census of 2007 with 406,340 inhabitants.
Government
Iquitos is a
The MPM has support bodies formed by the General Secretariat, the Office of Institutional Image, Administrative Management, Revenue Management and the General Office of Information. The line agencies are
The mayor was Adela Jimenez, an architect, chosen by the National Jury of Elections to fill temporarily to Charles Zevallos who was suspended for health reasons. Jimenez was the first woman to hold the office of mayor provincial and Iquitos. Current mayor is Francisco Sanjurjo Dávila.
The political geography of Iquitos consists of four districts or
Metropolitan area
The city is the urban core of Iquitos Metropolitan Area. It is a conurbation consists of four districts that are heavily populated in the city, while rural areas become more so away from the downtown. The Iquitos District is the urban origin of the city and the metropolitan area. Moronacocha, which has 85,000 inhabitants, could become the fifth district of Iquitos.
Iquitos is composed of four districts.
- Iquitos (Iquitos District: 163,594 inhabitants)[20] is the main district of the city, and is the most visited by tourists. The center of Iquitos, located in the heart of the district, is best known, and it has most of the activities of economy, culture, entertainment, art and commerce of the city. The Plaza de Armas is the tourist point of departure for most tourists, along with the Casa de Fierro, the Iglesia Matriz, the former Palace Hotel, the Boulevard de Iquitos, the Malecon Tarapaca and the Amazon Library.
- Belén (Municipality of Belen District: 74,551 inhabitants) is one of the districts of the city known mainly for its intense commercial activity and the Belen Neighborhood, called the "Venice" by iquiteños. It is located on the east side of Iquitos and was created on 5 November 1999.
- Punchana (Municipality of Punchana District: 85,179 inhabitants)[20][21] is the northern district of Iquitos and was created on 17 December 1987, and is characterized more by its port activity and Bellavista-Nanay market. Punchana capital has a small district capital called Villa Punchana. 90% of the district is composed of urban land, while 10% is rural. In the history of Iquitos, Punchana started as a small hamlet and the name of the district is due to a kind of wild agouti, which was cared for in a breedingground at the beginning of the 20th century.[22]
- San Juan Bautista (Municipality of San Juan Bautista District: 124,143 inhabitants), colloquially known as San Juan, is the largest district of Iquitos, and which is constantly expanding to the south of the city due to the arrival of new families to the city —also embraces remote areas beyond the urban Iquitos, such as the Quistococha Resort and Zoo.[23] Before promoted as a populous district in the presidency of Fernando Belaunde in the 1960s, the district was a sparsely populated road. Currently, several human settlements are in the "expansive" border areas. In this district, there are several tourist spots such as the San Juan Craft Market, the beaches of Santa Clara and St. Thomas, and Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve (located in the Iquitos-Nauta Highway).
The metropolitan area of Iquitos is also organized by another system subdivisions, less known by the local colloquialism.
- Downtown Iquitos houses the historical extension of Iquitos, and its main shopping and entertainment movement. This includes closely eastern union between Iquitos and Belen districts.
- North Iquitos comprises Punchana and northern Iquitos.
- South Iquitos comprises mostly San Juan Bautista, sectors such as Terminal and much of its length south.
- West Iquitos comprises the western parts of the Iquitos District as Moronacocha.
- East Iquitos would be hosting in all the Belén District, and the eastern part of Belén.
Economy
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2023) |
Iquitos is the main center of commerce, tourism and industry in the Amazon rainforest with the world. As gateway to the Peruvian Amazon, the economy of many parts of the region come to Iquitos for sustainable control. The Economic Development Management of the Provincial Municipality of Maynas is responsible for regulating and regulate trade, business development and employment, tourism and rural production both Iquitos District as whole Maynas Province. Meanwhile, the
The city is a major center for
According to Rolando Arellano, president of Arellano Marketing, describes the Iquiteño consumer to have greater preference for a "Western model with a more modern orientation than the Peruvian-Andean lifestyle".
With projects of large
Companies located in Iquitos include Amazónica,
In the coming years, companies like
Education
Iquitos is home to numerous research projects on ecology related to
The field lab strives to survey and catalog the biological diversity found along the Yarapa River Basin. It provides researchers with field experience in the broad range of disciplines necessary for this task. Another major goal is to explore value-added derivatives of biodiversity. This includes both tangible returns, in the form of new discoveries in the biomedical and related sciences, as well as less tangible goods, such as the promotion of ecotourism and an ecological ethic. They work to ensure benefits to the local communities, and to participating students and researchers.
Universities
Iquitos has four universities: Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), the local state university; Universidad Particular de Iquitos (UPI), Universidad Científica del Perú (UCP), Universidad Peruana del Oriente (UPO) three private institutions. It is also home to the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), the Institute of Investigation of the Peruvian Amazon.
Transport
Iquitos has a personality very different from the rest of Peru and even different from other South-American Amazonian cities. The streets of Iquitos are dominated by more than 25,000
Iquitos is widely regarded as the largest inland city that is inaccessible by road. Air and river transport are the main means for entry or exit of people and goods to the city, since the cost of living in this city is generally higher than the Peruvian standard. It is considered that Iquitos is the second most expensive city in Peru after Cusco. A proposed road link to Sarameriza, to be completed by 2021, would connect Iquitos to the country's road network.[24]
The city has renewed
Cityscape
Architecture
Iquitos has architecturally significant buildings in a particular range of structural remnants were built during the
Historically, the first native inhabitants of the settlements built their houses of sticks and leaves and other natural resources, which were tailored to protect against the climate, wildlife and other hazards.[27] The styles of housing in those settlements were huts and cocameras, used as large communal houses. Other notable conventional architectures are characterized by their firmness and isothermal conditions; they are categorized into three types of home: quincha —built with posts and giant cane—, rammed earth —resistant and isothermal—, and adobe —irm with the same isothermal condition.[27][28]
The
Culture and contemporary life
Iquitos has a vibrant, unique, complex and diverse
One of the main factors of the traditional cultural energy of Iquitos is Amazonian mythology, which has a range of characters, identified by folklore in imaginary beings. Many of the legendary beings, with appearances motivated by local geography, have powers and influenced much in agriculture and worldview of Iquitos. The dance and music, a mix of indigenous and mestizo heritage are closely related to the meanings of mythology, and also with the life of the citizen and Amazonian villager.
The complex cultural life of Iquitos consists mainly of native iquiteños,
Iquitos has a unique culture that is strongly felt, as the following quotes says:
We are in the city of the alteration of the senses. [...] What is striking me is the ease with which iquitenses [sic] engage in conversation with tourists, with a warmth and naturalness that is rarely seen in my native place.
— Max Palacios, in his blog Amores bizarros.
Although I'm a veteran of several South American adventures, Iquitos appealed to me as a quirk – a jungle city seems a contradiction and this would be my first Amazon visit to include the cosmopolitan luxuries of a real bed and shops. I'm fascinated at the very audacity by which such a city exists, thousands of kilometres from anywhere and with no roads to get there.
— Jade Richardson, in an article titled "In an urban jungle"[29]
Nothing more appropriate to think of a fantastic city as a city of
idiosyncraticessence of the city.
Contemporary cultural movements began in the city, such as the
Iquitos has been
Entertainment and arts
Iquitos has an intense tourist movement in the entertainment, which is based on specific points located throughout the city. With a growing organization of entertainment today, the city has always had groups concerned to project the Iquitos arts such as dance, music, film, painting, literature and theater.
In the
In several works of painters iquiteños (such as Christian Bendayan, Roldán Pinedo, Elena Valera, Rember Yahuarcani, Brus Rubio and Victor Churay), Amazonian pop art legacy has been a visual reference to create avant-garde works of contemporary life in the city and Amazonian culture.
The Dirección Regional de Cultura (formerly known as Instituto Nacional de Cultura del Perú), with headquarters in the city, mainly funded events and arts festivals in the city, although there are also small indie or underground groups that conduct their own cultural events. The city has many small festivals; the highlights are Estamos en la Calle, Iquitos Outfest, and other small annual events.
The city is known for having a remarkable celebration, called simply Carnaval. During this festival, mainly pagan, celebrants are dedicated to wetting people with cabaciñas or other instrument. Many choose to be more extravagant, wetting with various substances such as paint or other object as cause for celebration. The celebration is unique each year in February. The carnival is heavily influenced by myths and rich Amazonian culture. It also celebrates the Day of San Juan, referring to John the Baptist as patron saint in the Peruvian Amazon, whose feast is celebrated on 24 June. The main element is the juane and other own dances as shunto jump.
Cinema
Iquitos has a major
Despite having a long filmography, the film industry promoted the city is not too hard in his only commercial
Tourism
Tourism is one of the most vital industries in Iquitos, which has a growing reputation as a
The major tourist attractions include Barrio de Belén, Plaza de Armas,
The city is also home to unique tourist companies as Amazonia Expeditions, Maniti Camp Expeditions, Otorongo Expeditions,
In 2010, Iquitos received about 150 thousand tourists.[38] The following year, in 2011, the index fell to 46,000 tourist foreigners, which expects 10% rise rapidly in 2013 with international flights opened in July 2012 and the Amazon River as a natural wonder.[39]
Spiritual tourism
Ayahuasca is known as a major cultural landmark, and mystic tourism has increased in Iquitos in recent years. The drink, made from the vine Banisteriopsis caapi, is investigated by the Western people with a medicinal purpose and study, and was named the nation's cultural heritage.
Dangers, however, still exist when coming into contact with the drug. Shamans are not regulated and none have proof of credentials. While deaths in Iquitos are rare, they have been reported, including Frenchman Fabrice Champion and American Kyle Nolan.[40]
Iquitos is home to the annual Amazonian Shamanism Conference.[41] Here, like-minded individuals meet in Iquitos yearly to discuss Ayahuasca.
Amazon commemorative capital
Iquitos is home to the 120 kilograms (260 lb),
The awards show was held in Iquitos.
The President of Peru Ollanta Humala, next to the First Lady Nadine Heredia and Loreto Regional President Ivan Vasquez received the award. Jean Paul de la Fuente, New7Wonders foundation director, said positively on the image of Iquitos:
Clearly there will be economic and tourism impacts. The examples we have of other places are growths of 10, 20 and 30 percent annually
— Jean Paul de la Fuente
However, despite the great satisfaction, the award caused polarized reactions indicating that the Regional Government of Loreto would be on duty to plan better
Spanish accent
Iquitos is also attractive for its Amazonic Spanish, a dialect of Spanish spoken in the Amazon. The dialect is more noticeable in speech than it is in writing, such as [f] and [x] are allophones, (e.g., Juana is pronounced /fana/), especially when it is next to one or semivowel. (Los fríos de San Juan; Los fríos de San Fän), the double preposing and possessive genitive (De Antonio sus amigos; From Antonio his friends), and the preemption of articles against the names (Juana, Lä Fuana). There are also other languages spoken as Iquito, Yagua, Ese Ejja, or other native languages in Loreto, and foreign languages like English and French because of increasing globalization.
Cuisine
Sport
Twin towns
In popular culture
- Mario Vargas Llosa's 1973 novel Captain Pantoja and the Special Service is set in Iquitos.
- The movie Fitzcarraldo (1982), directed by Werner Herzog, was filmed near Iquitos. The film was inspired by the rubber baron Carlos Fitzcarrald.
- Madventures (2002) visited the town of Iquitos during their travels.
- The documentary The Fire Within: Jews in the Amazonian Rainforest (2008) tells the story of the Moroccan Jews, their Peruvian wives and descendants in Iquitos, and the late-20th century study and conversion by a number of the community to Judaism, followed by their migration to Israel.
- The documentary El Rio by Juan Carlos Galeano and the surrounding indigenous communities.
Notable people from Iquitos
- Clotilde Arias, State Department authorized translation of the "Star Spangled Banner" presently exhibited at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History (1901–1959)
- César Calvo de Araujo, writer and painter, born in Yurimaguas near Iquitos (1910–1970).
- Carlos Fitzcarrald, entrepreneur and rubber baron active in Iquitos (1862–1897).
- Julio César Arana, born in Rioja, he was an entrepreneur, rubber baron, mayor of Iquitos between 1902-1903, founder of the Peruvian Amazon Company which operated from Iquitos, and later Senator of Loreto (1864-1952).
- Ofelia Montesco, actress renowned for work in Mexican cinema (1936–1983).
- Nicole Faveron, Miss Universe 2012 Finalist
- Angel Wilbert Paz Grandez, distinguished music teacher.
See also
- Iperu, tourist information and assistance
- Iquitos Satellite Laboratory (IQTLAB)
- Tourism in Peru
- Punchana
- Loreto Region
- Rainforest
- Walk of the Amazon Heroes
References
- ^ "Caracterización del área de influencia de la carretera Iquitos – Nauta". Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ^ Perú: Población estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales, por departamento, 2011 y 2015. Perú: Estimaciones y proyecciones de población total por sexo de las principales ciudades, 2012-2015 (Report). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. March 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- ^ "Iquitos". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022.
- ^ "Iquitos". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
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Bibliography
- Almanaque de Loreto 2001-2002. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, Oficina Departamental de Estadística e Informática Loreto. 2001.
External links
- www.peru.travel Peruvian Tourism Board with information about Iquitos and Loreto (English).
- Peruvian Amazon Travel Advisor Information about Iquitos and the Peruvian Amazon.
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) (Spanish)
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana-UNAP (Spanish)
- NY Times article: Jews of Iquitos
- Municipalidad Provincial de Maynas – Maynas Town Hall's official website (Spanish)
- – The Iquitos Times English language monthly newspaper and website for Ex-pats living in Iquitos, Peru]