Iran–Oman relations

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Iran – Oman relations
Map indicating locations of Oman and Iran

Oman
Iran

Iran–Oman relations are

Muscat whilst Oman has an embassy in Tehran
.

Iran is situated across the narrow strategically important Strait of Hormuz, to Oman in the south.

History

Pre-Islamic period

The northern half of Oman has been part of

Sasanian empire.[1][2]

Medieval period

Buyid Iran annexed Oman sometime in the tenth century.

Both Oman and Iran eventually came under the rule of the Seljuk Turks.

Early modern period

Arab pirates from the Gulf colonized the coastal regions of Iran during the collapse of the Safavid dynasty. After the death of Nader Shah, the presence of the coastal Arab states was made permanent. Some areas came under direct Omani rule, a source for conflict between Iran and Oman in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Afsharid Iran invaded Oman in the 1740s. The entire country surrendered to the Persians, but they soon withdrew. Between 1774 and 1779, the Omanis supported Mamluk Iraq against the Persian invasion, even going as far as to deploy a fleet near Basra.

Pahlavi dynasty

During the

Mohammad Reza Shah, beside Britain
, intervened in support of the Omani government.

Islamic Republic of Iran

The

Ibadi
.

Unlike the majority of its

Muscat during the war, and although an agreement was never reached during these talks, they did reduce distrust on both sides. Moreover, after the war, Oman mediated talks to restore diplomatic ties between Iran and Saudi Arabia and Iran and the United Kingdom. [citation needed
]

During the

Persian Gulf War, Iran–Oman relations were damaged after Iran began running attacks on tanker movements in the Persian Gulf and placed anti-ship missile launchers along the Strait of Hormuz.[citation needed
]

Oman's leader

1979 Revolution. Though on two occasions the U.S. has dispatched high-level officials to discuss Iran with Oman, the fact that Oman has avoided publicly expressing any concerns regarding Iran's nuclear program is likely a reason why the two states have managed to maintain strong ties.[citation needed
]

In addition to strong diplomatic and political ties, Iran and Oman cooperate economically on several fronts, including energy. Most recently, the Gulf neighbors signed an initial agreement to begin supplying large quantities of natural gas from Iran to Oman, a project that was earlier reported to be worth between $7–12 billion. In addition to these major economic projects, the two countries have opened a joint bank to facilitate their mutual financial dealings, agreed to develop the Kish and Hengam gas fields in the Persian Gulf, and signed a memorandum of understanding for a potential joint petrochemical project valued at $800 million.[citation needed]

On March 12, 2014, Iran sealed a deal to export 10 billion cubic meters of gas per year to Oman, an agreement involves building the subsea Iran–Oman pipeline across the Persian Gulf at a cost of about $1 billion. Oman agreed to buy gas from Iran as far back as 2005 and a later draft deal in 2007 included plans for Oman to process Iranian gas for export as liquefied natural gas (LNG), but the two sides had never finalized terms and Oman had been pressured by the United States to source fuel from alternative suppliers such as Qatar, according to leaked US embassy cables.[3][4]

Iran nuclear deal

detention of three American hikers by Iran (which said they are were spies) that brought Oman into a mediating role between the two sides and helped win the release of the detainees. Ironically, efforts to win the release of the hikers turned out to be instrumental in making the clandestine diplomacy possible: after this successful mediation, Sultan Qaboos offered to facilitate a US–Iran rapprochement.[7]

The Iran–US secret talks became more serious in March as Barack Obama dispatched the deputy secretary of State

Rouhani was elected as the president of Iran, the final secret meeting was conducted with the American officials under chief US nuclear negotiator Wendy Sherman.[8]

After the deal, regarding Oman's role, President Hassan Rouhani praised Oman's role. US Secretary of State John Kerry said that Oman not only hosted a number of important meetings but also "played a critical role in getting these talks off the ground in the first place".[9]

Protecting power

From July 2012 to October 2013, all Iranian interests in the United Kingdom were maintained by the Omani embassy in London as a protecting power.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ electricpulp.com. "ʿARAB i. Arabs and Iran (pre-Islamic) – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2017-08-01.
  2. ^ electricpulp.com. "ARABIA ii. The Sasanians and Arabia – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2017-08-01.
  3. ^ "Iran says seals gas export deal with Oman". Reuters. 12 March 2014.
  4. ^ "Oman and Iran planned gas pipeline across Gulf of Oman". www.2b1stconsulting.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
  5. ^ Solomon, Jay (29 June 2015). "Secret Dealings With Iran Led to Nuclear Talks" – via www.wsj.com.
  6. ^ "Oman: The Unsung Hero of the Iranian Nuclear Deal". Foreign Policy Journal. 23 July 2015.
  7. ^ Bryant, Christa Case (24 November 2013). "The man behind secret US-Iran talks: Sultan Qaboos". Christian Science Monitor.
  8. ^ "How the Iran deal was done". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
  9. ^ "His Majesty lauded for his role as global peacemaker | The Consulate General of the Sultanate of Oman". Retrieved 2021-07-22.

External links

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