Iranian Arabs
عرب إيران ( Bahranis ) |
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Iranian Arabs (
Overview
The presence of Arabs in Iran dates back to the 7th-8th centuries AD, where under the
The historian and
According to the Minorities at Risk Project 2001, about 40 percent of Arabs are unskilled workers living in urban areas. The Arabs in the rural areas are primarily farmers and fishermen. The Arabs living along the Persian Gulf coastal plains are mostly pastoral nomads. Tribal loyalties are strong among rural Arabs, but also have an influence in urban areas, impacting Arab socialization and politicization.[10]
Multiple human rights groups including Minority Rights Group International and Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization have listed the population of Arab citizens in Khuzestan between 4-7 million.[11][12]
History
Although after the
Genetics
Sampling
Regional groups
Khuzestan
Most Iranian Arabs in
Hamid Ahmadi noted that the Arabs of Khuzestan Province are direct descendants of the ancient population of the area, having adopted the Arabic language and identity with the spread of Islam,[20] although there are numerous immigrant Arab tribes of Khuzestan with origins from the Arabian Peninsula,[21] such as the Banu Ka'b at Dawraq, the later Fallāhīya and present-day Shadegan, the Musha'sha' at Hoveyzeh,[22] Banu Tamim, and more from southern Iraq.[21]
The Bani Turuf tribe is settled in the Dasht e Azadegan (formerly Dasht-e Mīshān) around the town of Hūzagān (formerly Hoveyzeh), and consists of seven tribes, the Sovārī, Marzaā, Shorfa, Banī Sāleh, Marvān, Qāṭeʿ, and Sayyed Nemat. North of the lands of the ʿAnāfeja of the Āl Katīr, in the area called Mīānāb, between the Kārūn and Karkheh Rivers, dwell several Arab tribes, of which the best known are the Kaab (probably an offshoot of the Banī Kaʿb of southern Khuzestan), the ʿAbd al khānī, the Mazraa, the Al Bū Rāwīya, and the Sādāt. These tribes gradually immigrated into Iran during and after the early years of the Qajar period.[22]
Culture of Iranian Arabs in Khuzestan
Strong blood relation which is one of the peculiarities of Arab society, results in cooperation between Arabs in hardships as well as the intensification of internecines between tribes. Iranian Arabs are well known for hospitality too.[23]
Iranian Arab Women's costumes
Women's scarves have various types including Aba that is a black Chador with long sleeves from which hands are only exposed from wrist. Another is called Asabe or a turban like scarf, and the quality of the used cloth denotes the social rank of the woman. Pooshie is a mask-like silk cloth that covers the face. Dresses are of different types too. Nefnef is a long loose dress and Thoub is a gauzy loose dress that is worn on the Nefnef. Ne'al and Kabkab or Karkab are two kinds of footwear.[24]
Fars
Khorasan
Khorasani Arabs are descended from Arab migrants from Arabia.
Demographics
Elton Daniel in The History of Iran (Greenwood Press, 2001), states that the Arabs of Iran "are concentrated in the province of Khuzistan and number about half a million".[26] The Historical Dictionary of Iran puts the number at 1 million.[27] Iranian Arabs form 1-2% of Iran's population.[4]
See also
- List of Iranian Arabs
- Lakhmids
- Alavids
- Iraqis in Iran
- Lebanese people in Iran
- Moaved
- Shia Muslims in the Arab world
- Abyssinian–Persian wars
- Arabs in Turkey
- Arab diaspora
- Al-Alam News Network
References
- ^ Potter, Lawrence G. (2014). Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf. Oxford University Press. p. 290. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Nikki R. Keddie, "Iran and the Muslim World: Resistance and Revolution", New York University Press, 1995 (3/5/09). pp. 12–13: "Many writings state that the Arabs are Sunni, but the only bases for this assertion seem to be that most Arabs in the world are Sunni, that some Arabs in Khuzestan rarely are Sunni, and the Shi’a Arabs follow some customs that Persians associate with Sunnism. In the absence of scholarly work or census surveys, it is impossible to estimate the percentages of Shi’as and Sunnis among the Arabs, but the evidence suggests that the great majority of Iranian Arabs are Shi’ite. First, the Arabs border on a part of Iraq that is, and has long been, almost entirely Shi’ite, and it would be surprising to find a Sunni pocket in such an area, especially since, second, they live in the Shi'ite state of Iran."
- ISBN 978-0-7787-9315-1.
- ^ a b CIA World Factbook
- ISBN 978-600-6627-48-9
- ^ Human Geography of Qom Province - Qom Governorate 2013
- ^ Karimipour, Kosar - Karimipour, Yadollah: Khuzestan Arabs: Divergence and Convergence. In the journal: "Geographical Research". Summer 1 - No. 1. P. Statistics on the Comprehensive Plan of State Division 2.
- ISBN 9781315143309.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-71009-102-4.
- British Home Office Archived 2009-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Minorities and indigenous peoples in Iran: Arabs". Minority Rights Group International. Minority Rights Group International. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Ahwazi Arabs". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ Oberling and Hourcade, P.and B. "Arab tribes of Iran". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- ^
Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
- ^ a b Nasidze, I., Quinque, D., Rahmani, M., Alemohamad, S. A. and Stoneking, M. (2008), "Close Genetic Relationship Between Semitic-speaking and Indo-European-speaking Groups in Iran." Annals of Human Genetics, 72: 241–252.
- ^ Semino O, Passarino G, Oefner P J, Lin A A, Arbuzova S, Beckman L E, de Benedictis G, Francalacci P, Kouvatsi A, Limborska S, et al. (2000) Science 290:1155–1159
- ^ Underhill P A, Passarino G, Lin A A, Shen P, Foley R A, Mirazon-Lahr M, Oefner P J, Cavalli-Sforza L L (2001) Ann Hum Genet 65:43–62
- ^ R. Spencer Wells et al., "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (August 28, 2001)
- PMID 22815981.
- ^ .
- ^ a b "ʿARAB iv. Arab tribes of Iran". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2022-09-25.
- ^ a b Towfīq, F. "ʿAŠĀYER "tribes" in Iran". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ Ghayyem, Abdonnabi, a sociological look into life and culture of Arabs of Khuzestan, National seasonal magazine, 217.
- ^ Yasini, Razieh, a cultural and sociological study on local costumes of Iranian women from Southern seaside, Woman in culture and art magazine.
- ^ History of the Arabs. Filip Hetti 1990
- ^ The History of Iran (Greenwood Press, 2001), (pg. 14)
- ^ Lorentz, J. (1995) p.172
External links
- Daniel, E. L. "Arab settlements in Iran". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- Oberling and Hourcade, P.and B. "Arab tribes of Iran". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- About Spoken Arabic of Khoramshahr