Iraq–Turkey border
Iraq-Turkey border الحدود العراقية التركية Irak–Türkiye sınırı | |
---|---|
Characteristics | |
Entities | Iraq Turkey |
Length | 378 km (235 mi)[1] |
The
Description
The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Syria at the confluence of
History
At the start of the 20th century the
By the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres Anatolian Turkey was to be partitioned, with the areas north of the Mosul Vilayet to be included within an autonomous or independent Kurdish state.[3][4] Turkish nationalists were outraged at the treaty, contributing to the outbreak the Turkish War of Independence; the Turkish success in this conflict rendered Sèvres obsolete.[3] By the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne Turkey's independence was recognised and a far more generous territorial settlement was agreed upon, albeit at the cost of Turkey formally renouncing any claim to Arab lands.[5] As a provisional measure, the former northern border the Mosul Vilayet was to serve as a frontier between British-controlled Iraq and Turkey, with a more precise delimitation to be agreed upon later.[3]
British and Turkish officials met in 1924 but were
Generally cordial, relations between Iraq and Turkey became strained following the
Crossings
There are three crossings along the entire border, two for vehicular traffic and one for vehicular and rail traffic. The busiest of three, Habur, is among the busiest border checkpoints in the world.
Turkish checkpoint | Province | Iraqi checkpoint | Province | Opened | Route in Turkey | Route in Iraq | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Habur | Şırnak | Zakho | Zakho | 18 July 1969 | Open | ||
Gülyazı | Şırnak | ? | ? | 24 January 2012 | ? | ? | Closed |
Şemdinli-Derecik | Hakkâri | ? | ? | 14 February 2011 | ? | ? | Closed |
Çukurca-Üzümlü | Hakkâri | ? | ? | 7 May 2015 | ? | ? | Open |
Border Crossings
The main crossing is the Ibrahim Khalil border crossing.[12]
See also
References
- ^ "Türkiyenin Komşuları ve Coğrafi Sınırları". 14 February 2016. Archived from the original on 14 February 2016.
- ^ CIA World Factbook – Iraq, retrieved 4 April 2020
- ^ a b c d e f g h i International Boundary Study No. 27 – Iraq-Turkey Boundary (PDF), 30 January 1964, archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2019, retrieved 4 April 2020
- ISBN 9780814201701.
- ^ Treaty of Peace with Turkey signed at Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 24 July 1923, retrieved 28 November 2012
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ The Geography of the Mosul Boundary: Discussion "The Geographical Journal" 1926
- S2CID 246007497.
- S2CID 146771496.
- ^ "Turkey hits PKK targets in Iraq, Syria". Hurriet Daily News. 25 April 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ "Unwelcome Guests: The Turkish Military Bases in Northern Iraq". The Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ "Iraq to Expel Foreign Troops, End Turkish Military Presence - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ (2015) Bradt Guide Book to Iraq: The ancient sites and Iraqi Kurdistan, pgs. 368