Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
Iraqi insurgency | ||
---|---|---|
Part of the 18 December 2011 – 30 December 2013 (2 years, 1 week and 5 days) | ||
Location | ) | |
Result |
Escalation of the insurgency, beginning of the War in Iraq (2013–2017)
|
Sunni insurgent factions:
Al-Qaeda
- ISILsince April 2013)
- Islamic Army in Iraq
- Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
- Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
- Other Sunni insurgents and militia
Supported by:
United States
Abu Mohammad al-Adnani
Ishmael Jubouri
Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
Masoud Barzani
Nouri al-Maliki
Babaker Zebari
Ahmed Abu Risha
Islamic Army in Iraq: 10,400 (2007)[3] Al-Qaeda: 1,000–2,000[4]
JRTN: 1,500-5,000[5]
600,000 (300,000
2,286 policemen and 1,759 soldiers wounded
The Iraqi insurgency was an insurgency that began in late 2011 after the end of the Iraq War and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq, resulting in violent conflict with the central government, as well as low-level sectarian violence among Iraq's religious groups.
The insurgency was a direct continuation of events following the
In 2014, the insurgency
thereby merging the new conflict with the Syrian Civil War, into a new, far deadlier conflict.Background
The Iraq War
The invasion began in 2003 when the United States, joined by the United Kingdom and several coalition allies, launched a "shock and awe" surprise attack without declaring war. Iraqi forces were quickly overwhelmed as U.S. forces swept throughout the country. The invasion led to the collapse of the
The Bush administration based its rationale for war principally on the assertion that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and that Saddam's government posed an immediate threat to the United States and its coalition allies.[22][23] Some U.S. officials accused Saddam of harboring and supporting al-Qaeda,[24] while others cited the desire to end a repressive dictatorship and bring democracy to the people of Iraq.[25][26] After the invasion, however, no evidence was found to verify the initial claims about WMDs. The rationale and misrepresentation of pre-war intelligence faced heavy criticism within the U.S. and internationally.
As a result of the war, Iraq held its
Timeline
2011
As previously planned, the last US combat troops were withdrawn from Iraq in 2011, with security responsibility in the hands of the Iraqi Armed Forces. On 15 December, martial closing ceremony was held in Baghdad putting a formal end to the U.S. mission in Iraq. This ceased direct U.S. combat involvement in the war.[27][28][29] The last 500 soldiers left Iraq under cover of darkness and under strict secrecy early on the morning of 18 December 2011, ending the U.S. military presence in Iraq after nearly nine years.[30][31][32][33][34] On 22 December 2011 at least 72 civilians were killed and more than 170 wounded in a series of bombings across Baghdad, while nine others died in various attacks in Baqubah, Mosul and Kirkuk.
2012
A number of bombings took place in Baghdad and Nasiriyah, killing 73 and leaving 149 injured. The bombing in the southern Iraqi city was targeted at crowds of Shi'ite Muslims and killed at least 44, injuring more than 80 others. It was the first major attack in Nasiriyah since a suicide attack against an Italian army base killed 28 in November 2003, including 19 Italians. ISIS claimed responsibility.
A
On July 3, Explosions in
Sunni protests (2012)
After a period of calm, renewed political tension within Iraq led to renewed protests, this time mostly centered around the country's Sunni minority. The main cause for upheaval was the ongoing standoff between Vice President
2013
On 4 January, a car bombing in
In February, a suicide car-bomber detonated his vehicle near the provincial police headquarters in
In early March, unidentified gunmen ambushed a
In April, a tanker bomb exploded at the police headquarters in
In late May, the Iraqi government launches Operation al-Shabah (Phantom), with the stated aim of severing contact between Al-Qaeda in Iraq and the Syrian al-Nusra Front by clearing militants from the border area with Syria and Jordan.[79]
Aftermath
From January 2014 onwards, the rise of the
Casualties
Humanitarian aid
- Armenia – provided aid to persecuted Yazidis in Iraq in August 2014.[80]
- Australia – Australia delivered humanitarian aid to Iraqi Kurds in August 2014.[81]
- Austria[82][83]
- Belgium[84]
- Canada[85]
- Denmark[86]
- Estonia[87]
- Finland[88]
- France[89]
- Germany[90]
- Hungary[91]
- Ireland[92]
- Italy[93]
- Luxembourg[94]
- Netherlands[95]
- Norway[96]
- Poland[91][97]
- Portugal[98]
- Slovakia[99]
- Spain[83]
- Sweden[83]
- Switzerland[100]
- Turkey[101]
- United Arab Emirates – UAE provided aid for Iraqi refugees in Kurdistan in August 2014.[102]
- United Kingdom – UK announced that its planes were to drop emergency aid to Iraqi refugees in August 2014.[103]
See also
- History of Iraq (2011–present)
- List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
- Anbar campaign (2013–14)
- Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)
- Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)
- Iraqi insurgency (2017–present)
Notes
- ^ The conflict is also known as the War in Iraq, the Occupation of Iraq, the Second Gulf War, Gulf War II, and Gulf War 2. The period of the war lasting from 2003 to 2010 was referred to as Operation Iraqi Freedom by the United States military.
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