Irreligion in Turkey
The article's lead section may need to be rewritten. (April 2021) |
Irreligion in Turkey refers to the extent of the
One study in Turkey reported that 95% believe in
Overview
It is difficult to quantify the number of
There is a stigma attached to being an atheist in Turkey, and thus a lot of the Turkish atheist community, rather than forming individual groups, teams, organizations and communities in real life, actively communicate with each other actively via internet forms and channels across many sites. But specially today, such beliefs being expressed freely or discussed in the public is not uncommon at all, and rather quite common.[17][18][19][20]
According to a poll made by MAK (Mehmet Ali Kulat of Ankara) in 2017, 86% of the Turkish population declared they believe in God. 76% declared they believe Quran and other holy books came through revelation by God, while 14% said that they don't believe that it did, and 10% did not answer.[21] According to a survey by the pollster KONDA, the percentage of atheists in Turkey has tripled in 10 years and rose from 1% in 2008 to 3% in 2018, while the percentage of non-believers passed from 1% to 2%. Among those aged between 15 and 29 years old, these figures rise to respectively 4% and 4%.[citation needed] According to another poll made in 2019 by OPTİMAR, which interviewed 3,500 people 89.5% of those interviewed declared they believe in Islam, while 4.5% identified as Deists, 2.7% identified as agnostics, and 1.6% as atheists.[22]
A survey conducted by MAK in 2020 found that among the Turkish people interviewed, more than 8,000 young adults between the ages of 18 and 29 (82.8%) of the Turkish young adults identified "as a person who has religious beliefs", while 7.7% reported they have no belief, 9.5% gave no reply, and 72.7% believed in the afterlife, while 11.7% did not believe in it and 15.6% gave no reply.[23][24] Another poll conducted by Gezici Araştırma in 2020 interviewed 1,062 people in 12 provinces and found that 28.5% of the Generation Z in Turkey identify as irreligious.[25][26]
An early April 2018 report of the
Statistics
Belief in God and religious organizations among Turks, OPTİMAR Survey 2019:[28]
- 89.5 % responded "I believe in God's existence and oneness." (Believer)
- 4.5 % responded "I think there is a creator, but I don't believe in religions." (Deist)
- 2.7 % responded "I'm not sure if there is a creator." (Agnostic)
- 1.7 % responded "I don't think there is a creator." (Atheist)
- 1.7 % responded no answer.
Religiosity of Turkish people, KONDA 2018:[32][33]
- 51% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
- 34% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
- 10% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
- 2% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
- 3% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).
Among those aged between 15 and 29 years old:[34]
- 43% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
- 45% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
- 5% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
- 4% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
- 4% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).
Among those aged between 15 and 20 old:[35]
- 55.8% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
- 28.5% defined themselves as "Irreligious" (Non-believer).
- 15.7% defined themselves as "a religious person who fulfills religious obligations such as fasting and praying" (Religious).
Source | Islam | No religion | Christianity | Other religions and no reply |
---|---|---|---|---|
KONDA (2021)[36](rounded figures) | 94% | 5% | 0.2% | 0.8% |
Gezici (2020, Generation Z only) | 71.5% | 28.5% | N/A | N/A |
Optimar (2019) | 89% | 8.9% | 0.3% | 1.1% |
World Values Survey (2017) | 98.0% | 1.2% | N/A | 0.8 |
MAK (2017) | 86% | 12.5% | 0.5% | 1% |
Ipsos (2016) | 82% | 13% | 2% | 3% |
Pew Research Center (2016) | 98% | 1.2% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
KONDA (2008) | 97% | 2% | 0.2% | 0.8% |
Sabancı University (2006) | 98.3% | 1.5% | 0.2% | N/A |
Government official numbers | 99.8% | N/A | 0.2% | N/A |
Irreligious organizations in Turkey
List of famous irreligious Turks
- Adalet Ağaoğlu
- Ahmet Altan
- Çetin Altan
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (disputed)[39][40][41][42]
- Rıdvan Aydemir
- Ulus Baker
- Bahadır Baruter
- Pelin Batu
- Bedri Baykam
- Murat Belge
- Halil Berktay
- Behice Boran
- Abdullah Cevdet
- Sinan Çetin
- Muazzez İlmiye Çığ
- Dilsa Demirbag Sten
- Turan Dursun
- Süreyyya Evren
- Tevfik Fikret
- Deniz Gezmiş
- Osman Necmi Gürmen
- Nâzım Hikmet
- İlhan İrem
- Jahrein
- Sagopa Kajmer
- Dursun Karataş
- İbrahim Kaypakkaya
- Fikret Kızılok
- Lale Mansur
- Aziz Nesin
- Sevan Nişanyan
- Ayşe Önal
- Ahmet Rıza
- İlyas Salman
- Fazıl Say
- Ruhi Su
- Barbaros Şansal
- Celâl Şengör
- Ahmet Şık
- Arzu Toker
- Uğur Uluocak
- Mina Urgan
- Cenk Uygur
- Serra Yılmaz
- Can Yücel
See also
- Abolition of the Caliphate
- Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate
- Atatürk's nationalism
- Christianity in Turkey
- Demographics of Turkey
- Freedom of religion in Turkey
- Islam in Turkey
- Kemalism
- Religion in Turkey
- Secularism in Turkey
- Turkification
References
- ISBN 0739167936, p. 146.
- ISBN 0199988455, p. 167.
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