Irvington, New York

Coordinates: 41°2′4″N 73°51′56″W / 41.03444°N 73.86556°W / 41.03444; -73.86556
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Irvington on Hudson, New York
Village
Irvington Town Hall
Irvington Town Hall
FIPS code
36-37803
GNIS feature ID0953803
Websitewww.irvingtonny.gov

Irvington, sometimes known as Irvington-on-Hudson,

Metro-North station, but which should not be confused with the nearby village of Ardsley
.

The population of Irvington at the 2020 census was 6,652.[4] Because many of Irvington's residents – especially those in the upper income brackets – live in Irvington and work in New York City, the village has a reputation as a "commuter town" or a "bedroom community".[5]

The village's half-mile-long (0.8 kilometers)[6] Main Street area has been designated as a historic district by New York State and on January 15, 2014, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[7][8] In 2010, Westchester Magazine ranked Irvington as the "Best Place to Live in Westchester".[9]

History

Before the area where Irvington is now located was settled by Europeans, it was inhabited by the Wickquasgeck, a band of the Wappingers, related to the Lenape (Delaware) tribes which dominated lower New York state and New Jersey.[10][notes 1] The Wickquasgeck still lived in the area as late as 1775.[11]

After the Dutch came to the area in the 1600s, the land was part of the Bisightick tract of the Adrian Van der Donck grant. Early settlers in the Irvington area were Stephen Ecker, Jan Harmes, Captain John Buckhout, and Barent Dutcher. The Van der Donck grant was purchased by Frederick Philipse in 1682, after the British had taken over the area in 1664. At first it was settled by tenant farmers,[12] but by the 1700s, most of the settlers were artisans.[11] The King's Highway – later the Albany Post Road, and now Broadway – which connected New York City with Albany, was built through the settlement by the 1720s, which created a need for inns and taverns[12] to supplement Odell's Tavern, which was built in 1690.

In 1785, the state of New York confiscated the Phillipse's land from his grandson, Frederick Philipse III, after he

Founding Father by the same name[7] – that same year, and Jay laid it out as a village which he called "Dearman", after Justus Dearman,[7] and sold lots at auction in New York City starting on April 25, 1850.[10]

The organization of the streets into a right-angled grid pattern was criticized by Andrew Jackson Downing, who was at the time the foremost expert on landscape design. Downing condemned the use of the street grid outside of cities and saw the hilly and heavily wooded site of Dearman as particularly suited to his own theories, which called for curvilinear roads and irregular lots which followed the contours of the land. With the frequent steamboat, stagecoach, and train transportation available, he felt that Dearman could have been an ideal suburb, instead of "mere rows of houses upon streets crossing each other at right angles and bordered with shade trees".[13]

The side streets off the village's Main Street – or "Main Avenue", as an 1868 map has it – were originally designated "A", "B", "C", and so forth, but are today named after many of the area's early settlers,[notes 2] such as Barent and William Dutcher, Captain John Buckhout (who lived to 103) and Wolfert Ecker (or "Acker").

American Revolution

Wolfert Ecker's house, then owned by Jacob van Tassel, was burned by the British in the Revolutionary War because it had become a notorious hang-out for American patriots. Washington Irving later wrote about it under the name of "Wolfert's Roost" ("roost" meaning "rest"), and purchased and re-modeled another house on the land to become "Sunnyside". Another early settler was Capt. Jan Harnse, and the Harnse-Conklin-Odell Tavern on Broadway was built in 1693 and became an inn in 1743.[12] (See below) It was at Odell's Tavern that the Committee of Safety, the executive committee of the legislature of the new State of New York, officially received the news that George Washington had lost the Battle of Long Island, and, later, British troops camped nearby, putting Jonathan Odell into custody in the Old Dutch Church in Sleepy Hollow.[14][15][16] No major battles of the Revolutionary War were fought in the area, only minor skirmishes between residents and soldiers.[17]

With the capture of New York City by the British, Irvington and the rest of southern Westchester County became the "Neutral ground", an unofficial 30-mile (48 km) wide zone separating British-occupied territory from that held by the Americans, and the people of the area who remained – many of the Patriot population had fled – traded with both sides to great profit. However, there was also a great deal of pillaging and plundering, even of Tory households, both by the regular British army and loyalist militias and irregulars, all in the name of hunting down rebels.[18] By the time the war was over, the countryside had been ravaged:

The country is rich and fertile, and the farms appear to have been advantageously cultivated, but it now has the marks of a country in ruins, a large portion of the proprietors having abandoned their homes. On the high road where heretofore was a continuous stream of travelers and vehicles, not a single traveler was seen from week to week, month to month. The countryside was silent. The very tracks of the carriages were grown over with grass or weeds. Travelers walked along bypaths. The villages are abandoned, the residents having fled to the north, leaving their homes, where possible, in charge of elder persons and servants.[19]

Eventually, the area recovered and continued to develop. The

Hudson River Railroad reached the settlement on September 29, 1849;[12] the first passengers on a regularly scheduled run through the village paid fifty cents to travel from Peekskill to Chambers Street in Manhattan on September 29, 1849.[20] By 1853, a ferry ran across the Hudson from Dearman to Piermont on the west bank, the village had a population of around 600, a hotel, six stores, a lumber yard and around 50 houses, and the hamlet of "Abbotsford" – which would later become Ardsley-on-Hudson – was forming along Clinton Avenue.[10][12][17]

A change of name

In 1854, Dearman and Abbotsford combined, and by popular vote adopted the name "Irvington", to honor the American author

Hudson River Railroad, which had reached the village by 1849,[17] to change the name of the train station to "Irvington", and also convinced the Postmaster to change the name of the local post office as well. It was thus under the name of "Irvington" that the village incorporated on April 16, 1872.[21][22][23]

The Irvington waterfront between 1859 and 1889, showing the Lord & Burnham Building on the right

By the census of 1860, the population of the village was 599.

New York Draft Riots. Fearing that the violence in the city, which had to be put down by Federal troops, would spread to Westchester, special police were brought in and quartered in a schoolhouse on Sunnyside Lane. They were commanded by James Hamilton – the third son of Alexander Hamilton – whose estate, Nevis, was on South Broadway. The presence of this special force deterred any violence a group of draft protestors which passed through Greenburgh on their way to Tarrytown may have intended. This was the only instance in which Civil War-related activity directly affected Irvington.[25]

With convenient rail transportation now available, the village's cool summer breezes off the Hudson and the rural riparian setting began to attract wealthy residents of New York City – businessmen, politicians and professionals – to the area to buy up farms and build large summer residences on their new estates, setting a pattern which would hold until the early 20th century.[26] Still, the village continued to expand, with various commercial enterprises opening along the waterfront. Pateman & Lockwood, a lumber, coal and building supply company, opened in the village in 1853, and Lord & Burnham, which built boilers and greenhouses, in 1856. Both expanded to newly created land across the railroad tracks, in 1889 and 1912 respectively, and the Cypress Lumber Company opened on a nearby site in 1909.[27] Notwithstanding this commercial activity, for many years, through the 19th and early 20th centuries, Irvington was a relatively small community surrounded by numerous large estates and mansions where millionaires, aristocrats and captains of industry lived – the population was reported as 2,299 in 1890 and 2,013 in 1898.

After

cooperative apartment complexes were built in the village, but despite these changes, Irvington still has many large houses, and is still an overwhelmingly well-heeled community.[10][11][23]

Recent events

See also: § 2005 mayoral election

In June 2016, Irvington Fire Chief Christopher D. DePaoli was one of 23 recipients of the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission medal for heroism. In April 2015, DePaoli stepped in when he saw a woman being attacked by a man with a knife at the

Irvington Metro-North Station. DePaoli was able get between the man and the woman, the man's girlfriend, who was on the ground being stabbed, and distract him with a baseball bat until the police arrived. The man was arrested and the woman survived the attack.[28]

Since 2014, Irvington has held a "Celebrate Irvington" festival on the village's Main Street in the early summer.[29]

Irvington's first murder since 1974 took place on April 25, 2018, when a recently-hired dishwasher stabbed Bonifacio Rodriguez, a prep cook, in the kitchen of the River City Grille at 6 South Broadway. The accused woman, New York City resident Rosa Ramirez, told police when she was arrested shortly after the incident. that she had suffered a "

Class A felony, on February 21, 2020, in return for an expected sentence of 17 years to life,[32][33][34] which was made official in September 2020.[35]

In May 2020, a lawsuit was filed against an 18 year old Irvington High School senior, Ellis Pinsky, who was accused with co-conspirators from the US and Europe of swindling digital currency investor Michael Terpin – the founder and chief executive officer of Transform Group – of $23.8 million in 2018, when the accused was 15 years old, through the use of data stolen from smartphones by "SIM swaps". The complaint alleges that Pinsky had a personal worth of $70 million as of December 2017. The lawsuit was filed in federal court in White Plains, New York and asked for triple damages.[36][37] An investigation by the New York Post revealed that Pinsky lived a lavish lifestyle, driving an Audi R8, maintaining an account with a private air service, purchasing prime tickets to New York Rangers hockey games, and wearing expensive clothing.[38] Pinsky had previously been recognized by the College Board as being an "AP Scholar".[39]

Geography

The village has a total area of 4.0 square miles (10 km2),[40] of which 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) or about 1,850 acres (750 ha)[41] is land and 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), or 30.94%, is water.[40]

Old Croton Aqueduct Trailway

The village's main thoroughfare is Broadway (

Ossining – the "Albany Post Road" and, after 1850, "Broadway".[17] The stretch that runs through Irvington was completed by 1723.[10] During his tenure as Postmaster General, Benjamin Franklin had 3-foot-high (0.91 m) sandstone milestone markers placed along the Broadway, inscribed with the distance from New York City. Milestone #27 is still in place in Irvington, near the driveway to 30 South Broadway.[17]

Broadway runs north-south parallel to the river, and connects Irvington to Dobbs Ferry in the south and Tarrytown in the north. All of the village's major streets, including Main Street, extend east and west from Broadway, and are designated as such. Broadway is designated "North Broadway" above Main Street, and "South Broadway" below it. Main Street begins at the Metro-North train station, just off the Hudson River, and travels uphill to Broadway. Side streets off of Main, which were originally designated A Street, B Street, C Street, etc. when the village grid was laid out, now have names, most of which come from local history: Astor, Buckhout, Cottenet, Dutcher, Ecker, Ferris and Grinnell.

The southbound

East Irvington. The northbound Saw Mill and the New York State Thruway are accessible via Ardsley, and the Mario Cuomo Bridge
is nearby in Tarrytown.

Commuter train service to

Ardsley-on-Hudson train stations, served by the Metro-North Railroad of the MTA
. Bus service is provided on Broadway by the Westchester County Beeline Bus System via route #1T (The Bronx-Yonkers-Tarrytown) and #1W (The Bronx-Yonkers-White Plains).

As with all river communities in Westchester, Irvington is traversed by a stretch of the old

Old Croton Trailway State Park. The Aqueduct is a National Historic Landmark
.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18801,904—
18902,29920.7%
19002,231−3.0%
19102,3193.9%
19202,70116.5%
19303,06713.6%
19403,2726.7%
19503,65711.8%
19605,49450.2%
19705,8787.0%
19805,774−1.8%
19906,3489.9%
20006,6314.5%
20106,420−3.2%
20206,6523.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[42]
Life-size bronze of Rip Van Winkle sculpted by Richard Masloski  © 2000

As of the

Latino
of any race were 8.6% of the population.

There were 2,141 households, out of which 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.2% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.2% under the age of 18, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. 54.9 percent of the population is female

The median income for a household in the village was $145,313, . Males had a median income of $85,708 versus $50,714 for females. The

poverty line. The average cost for a one-family house in 2010 was $585,780, below the Westchester County average of $725,000,[9] although in 2009 the median home price was reported to be $790,000.[43] Bloomberg ranked Irvington 54th in its March 2017 profile of "America's 100 Richest Places".[44] In the 2018 survey, it ranked 67th of the over 6,200 places covered.[45]

Housing

As of 2018, there were approximately 1,180 single-family homes in the village, as well as 100 mutli-family homes. Although Irvington primarily consists of single family homes, there are eight condominium complexes, 13 cooperative ones and 17 apartment buildings, totally almost 1,100 units altogether.[6] Cooperative or condominium apartment complexes in the village include in the Fieldpoint development, Woodbrook Gardens located at 140 North Broadway, and Irvington Gardens at 120 North Broadway, as well as in the Half Moon development on South Buckhout Street.

In 1999, the village began a program to make affordable housing available to the public. Two buildings, The Burnham Building at 2 Main Street, and Hudson Views at Irvington at 1 South Astor Street, provide such units.[46] As of February 2012, the village had passed a local ordnance requiring new developments to provide affordable housing.[47]

The cost of housing in Irvington was pushed upwards by Greenburgh's town-wide re-evaluation of property values, which was initiated in 2016.[6][48]

Economy

Although Irvington is still an affluent[21][49] suburban "bedroom community", with a large number of people commuting into New York City to work, there are also several notable businesses and institutions located in the village, such as:

  • BrightFarms, a company that grows salad greens, is headquartered in Irvington.[50]
  • Verve Medical Cosmetics – In January 2021 this company announced that it will open Verve Loft Westchester in a left space on Bridge Street. It is expected to open on February 4.[51]
  • CastleGreen Finance, a private capital source focused on commercial PACE (
    Property Assessed Clean Energy) financing, is headquartered in Irvington.[52]
  • Columbia University's Nevis Laboratories is a research center specializing in the preparation, design, and construction of high-energy particle and nuclear experiments and equipment which are transported to accelerators such as Fermilab, CERN and Brookhaven National Laboratory. The resulting data is analyzed at Nevis using their extensive computer systems. Twelve faculty members, fourteen postdoctoral research scientists and twenty graduate students work at the lab, along with an engineering and technical staff of twenty.[53] The grounds also accommodate an agricultural research center. "Nevis" was the estate of Alexander Hamilton's son, and was named after Hamilton's birthplace, the Caribbean island of Nevis.[54]
  • Eileen Fisher, a clothing design company, has corporate offices and of a retail shop at Bridge Street Properties by the Hudson. In addition, in 2017, it opened in Irvington its first company-owned factory.[55]
  • The investment company Elm Ridge Management is based in Irvington.[56]
  • Flat World Knowledge is an online publisher of college-level open textbooks
    .
  • House Party, Inc., an experimental marketing firm which specializes in arranging parties to promote their clients' products,[57] has its offices at 50 South Buckhout Street.[58]
  • Hudson Loft – In August 2016 it was announced that a 9,000-square-foot (840 m2) event space on the top floor of a three=story warehouse at 2 Astor Place in Irvington would be available beginning at the end of September for weddings, parties and other events. The space features panoramic views of the Hudson River and a 6,000-square-foot main space.[59]
  • The direct marketing agency Lockard & Wechsler is located in Bridge Street Properties.[60]
  • Monte Nido Treatment Center, a residential treatment center for eating disorders, was announced in May 2014 to be planned for Irvington. It would be located in a 10,000-square-foot, 20-room mansion at 100 South Broadway near Clinton Avenue. The organization has residential facilities in Malibu and Agoura Hills in California and in Boston, as well as a day-clinic in New York City.[61]
  • Natural Market Food Group, the parent company of the "Mrs. Green's Natural Market" supermarket chain, which operates primarily in the Hudson Valley area, has its offices in Irvington.[62]
  • PECO Pallet, a pooled pallet provider headquartered in Irvington[63]
  • STRATA Skin Sciences, formerly MELA Sciences, is a medical device company that focuses on the design and development of a non-invasive, point-of-care instruments to assist in the early diagnosis of melanoma. In 2015, the company acquired XTRAC and PhotoMedex.[64][65]
  • The Student Center, a community website for teenagers and college students, has offices on Main Street.[66]
  • X-Caliber Capital, a national, direct commercial real estate lender.[67][68]

Government and politics

The Irvington section of an 1868 map of Hastings, Dobbs Ferry and Irvington, with the village surrounded by the large estates and summer homes of the rich. Note that Main Street is called "Main Avenue".
Expand this map / Full map

Irvington is one of six incorporated villages that lie within the town of Greenburgh.[6] The village is governed by a mayor, who is elected every two years in odd-numbered years, and four trustees, who also serve two-year terms. Two of the trustees are elected in odd-numbered years, with the mayor and the other two in even-numbered years. Each year, the mayor appoints one of the trustees to be deputy mayor. A paid village administrator is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the village, assisted by a clerk-treasurer. The administration is divided into eleven departments:[69]

  • Administrator
  • Building
  • Clerk-Treasurer
  • Fire
  • Justice Court
  • Library
  • Parks and Recreation
  • Police
  • Public Works
  • Town Hall Theater
  • Water and Sewer

In addition, the mayor and board of trustees are assisted in the governance of the village by a number of voluntary boards and committees:

  • Architectural Review Board
  • Beautification Committee
  • Cable Advisory Board
  • Citizens' Budget Committee
  • Climate Protection Task Force
  • Community Advisory Board
  • Environmental Conservation Board
  • Ethics Board
  • Library Board
  • Main Street Zoning Committee
  • Open Space Advisory Committee
  • Parks and Recreation Master Plan Committee
  • Planning Board
  • Recreation Advisory Committee
  • Theater Commission
  • Trailways Committee
  • Transportation Committee
  • Tree Preservation Commission
  • War Monument Committee
  • Zoning Board of Appeals[70]

Irvington is protected by its own 22-person police department, along with a volunteer fire department and volunteer ambulance corps, all of which are located on Main Street. Irvington's government communicates with the village's citizens through a newsletter, e-mail notifications and the village website.

2005 mayoral election

The controversial 2005 Irvington mayoral election was held on March 15, 2005, but was not decided until October 27, 2005. The race between

Dennis P. Flood and Democratic
challenger Erin Malloy ended up being decided "by lots", as required by New York state law when a village election is tied (847 votes for each candidate).

The count that took place on election night gave Flood a one-vote lead. On March 18, the Westchester County Board of Elections recounted the votes, giving Malloy a one-vote lead. Turning to two unopened absentee ballots, the board found that one was for Flood, resulting in a tie. The other absentee ballot was not opened as the name on the envelope did not match any names on the voter-registration list. Susan B. Morton, who had registered to vote as Susan Brenner Morton, stepped forward three days later and demanded that her vote for Malloy be counted. For several months afterward, various suits, motions, and appeals were filed in state courts. On October 20, the Court of Appeals, New York State's highest court, denied requests by Malloy and Morton, leaving the election in a tie. To comply with state law, the village had to use random lots to decide the winner.

State law does not specify the method of drawing lots, so the village opted to draw

Deputy Mayor Richard Livingston, a Republican, drew a quarter from the bag. It was handed to Village Clerk Lawrence Schopfer, who declared Flood to be the winner. Flood was then sworn in for his sixth two-year term as mayor of Irvington.[71]

Months later, to complicate the situation even more, it was learned that an Irvington resident who has two houses and was registered to vote in both Irvington and a Long Island suburb, inadvertently broke the law by voting in both elections, although his intent was to cancel his Irvington voter registration. He was an adamant supporter of Flood.[72]

Erin Malloy was elected mayor in the election of 2007, but resigned in 2008 to spend more time with her injured daughter.

Infrastructure

Irvington is one of 83 communities in New York State which are being considered by the New York State Energy and Research Development Authority (ERDA) for the installation of a microgrid system, which would run under Main Street. The village's power lines would be moved underground and solar and natural gas generators would be utilized to make it 80% power self-sufficient. In the initial phase, the board of trustees is in discussion with a possible technology provider. There are no current community microgrids in New York.[73]

On March 4, 2021, Irvington received from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) bronze-level certification as being a "Climate Smart Community", one of 65 such in the state. The certification was based on 17 actions taken by the village, including its Comprehensive Plan, last updated in 2018, an energy audit for the Town Hall, the village's flood mitigation program, the conversion of 81.5 percent of the villages street light to LEDs, and the establishment of a drop-off food waste program. The Climate Smart program, which began in 2009, is designed to provide technical support and guidance to the efforts of communities to deal with the effects of climate change, by, for instance, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving their response to extreme weather. The village also participates in the ERDA's "Clean Energy Communities" program, and has previously received grants from the DEC for flood mitigation and as part of its Municipal Zero-Emission Vehicle program.[74]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Irvington Union Free School District
Irvington is part of the

East Irvington, an unincorporated area of the Town of Greenburgh, and the Pennybridge section of Tarrytown, Irvington's northern neighbor. The schools are Dows Lane School (K-3), Main Street School (4&5), Irvington Middle School (6–8), and Irvington High School (9–12). The Middle School and High School are sited together on a combined campus on Heritage Hill Road off of North Broadway, on the site where the Stern castle, "Greystone", once stood. Stern purchased the property from Augustus C. Richards in the late nineteenth century.[75]

Abbott School
Located in Irvington, but not part of the regular public school district, was the Abbott School, which served homeless, neglected, abused, or developmentally disabled boys in grades 2 through 9. The students came both from the residential Abbott House, where the school was located, and as day students from community schools in Westchester County, Rockland County, and New York City. The school graduated its last class in 2011. Currently, Abbott House operates a number of programs to support children and families with challenging circumstances.[76] Abbot House's administrative offices remain in the former school building in Irvington.[77]

Immaculate Conception School
The Immaculate Conception School, a Catholic elementary school located in Irvington, was closed by the

Mount Kisco, moved into the vacant building.[80][81]

Colleges

There are no colleges totally within Irvington, although part of the campus of Mercy University, founded in 1950, is located there, while the majority is just over the southern border in Dobbs Ferry, very close to Irvington's Ardsley-on-Hudson train station, which is sub-labelled "Mercy College".

In 1890, schoolteacher Mary F. Bennett founded the Bennett School for Girls in the village. The school offered a six-year course of study: four years of high school and two of higher study. In 1907 it moved to Millbrook in Dutchess County, and dropped the high school grades, becoming a junior college; the school was renamed to Bennett College.[82][83] In that same year, Marymount College was founded in Tarrytown, north of the village. It later became a campus of Fordham University, but closed in 2007.

Columbia University maintains in Irvington its Nevis Laboratories – which specializes in the preparation, design, and construction of high-energy particle and nuclear experiments and equipment, which are transported to major laboratories worldwide, and also houses the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility which specializes in microbeam technology. The grounds also hold an agricultural research center and the offices of Columbia University Press.

Culture

In 2018 Brooke Lea Foster of The New York Times stated that Irvington was one of several "Rivertowns" in Westchester County, which she described as among the "least suburban of suburbs, each one celebrated by buyers there for its culture and hip factor, as much as the housing stock and sophisticated post-city life."[84] Of those, Foster stated that Irvington was the "toniest".[84]

The village's Presbyterian Church

The

balls, plays and other cultural events. Today, the Town Hall Theater presents a wide variety of events, including concerts, plays, musicals and film series. (For more, see below
.)

In 2021, a lifelong resident of Irvington, Kamran Saliani, founded the Irvington Shakespeare Company and signed into an Arts Partnership with the Irvington Theater. ISC seeks to decolonize and perform Shakespeare's plays in ways that everyone can understand, aiming to showcase local talent in Westchester, the greater Hudson Valley, and throughout New York State.[86]

Religion

Irvington has four Christian churches. Three of them, the Irvington Presbyterian Church (

Evangelical) is located in the Trent Building
on South Buckhout Street.

The Jewish community of Irvington is served by three nearby synagogues: the traditional/non-denominational Chabad of the Rivertowns, the conservative Greenburgh Hebrew Center in Dobbs Ferry and the dual reform/conservative synagogue Temple Beth Abraham in Tarrytown. Irvington itself features a "chavurah," or member-led Jewish congregation that follows in the conservative tradition, known as Rosh Pinah Chavurah of the Rivertowns.

Irvington is also the location of the Westchester Buddhist Center, whose executive director is interior designer Stacy T. Curchak.[87]

Irvington is home to a number of members of the Unification Church, including several high-ranking families. There are several Church-owned estates and buildings located in Irvington and in the neighboring village of Tarrytown. Reverend Sun Myung Moon, the founder and, until his death in 2010, the spiritual leader of the church, had a large private estate of 17.67 acres (7.15 ha),[88] the former Frederic Clark Sayles estate, on East Sunnyside Lane.[89][90] As of 2012, the estate was still owned by the church, under its legal name "Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity".[91]

Local media

From 1912 to 1998, Irvington's daily newspaper was the Tarrytown Daily News.

Gannett Company, the last owner of the newspaper, combined all their area local papers, including the Daily News, into The Journal News, which serves Westchester, Rockland and Putnam counties, an area also referred to as the Lower Hudson Valley
.

From 1907 to 1969, the village was also served by The Irvington Gazette, a weekly newspaper which was published on Aqueduct Street "in the interest of the village of Irvington and vicinity".

Rivertowns Patch
.

Historic Irvington

Landmark protection

Irvington is home to a number of historic landmarks and an historic district. In 2018, the village board of trustees passed local legislation which sought "the protection and enhancement" of landmarks and historic sites. The law will be enforced by an architectural review board which will designate "sites, structures, buildings, markers and objects" that "cannot be duplicated or otherwise replaced" and that are "illustrative of the growth and development of our nation, our state and our Village and that are of particular historic or aesthetic value to Irvington." A village master plan promulgated in 2003 recognized around 200 hones dating from 1859 to 1930 which were worthy of consideration.[95]

Points of interest

  • Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, which still stands.[17][96] The station was used as a location for the 2016 film The Girl on the Train, with the addition of a portico to recreate the feel of the station as it existed in 1890.[97]
    (110 West Ardsley Avenue)
  • Orson Fowler, the house originally had only two stories and a flat roof.[12] Expanded – adding the dome and the veranda, as well as elaborate deocartions and embellishments[12] – and refurbished by Joseph Stiner in 1872, the Armour-Stiner House is said to be one of the most lavish octagon houses built in the period, and is now one of only perhaps a hundred still extant.[98][99][100] The house was later occupied by historian Carl Carmer, who maintained that it was haunted. In 1976, the house was briefly owned by the National Trust for Historic Preservation to prevent it from being demolished. The trust was unable to fund the amount of renovation the property required, and sold it to a preservationist architect, Joseph Pell Lombardi, who has conserved the house, interiors, grounds and outbuildings. The house is a National Historic Landmark.[14][101][102]
    (West Clinton Avenue, west of the Old Croton Trail)
  • Churches:
  • Cosmopolitan Building (1895) – This three-story stone
    oscillators used by the U.S. Army in World War II, and a company that made looseleaf binders and other paper products.
    The Cosmopolitan Building still stands, although it is known as the "Trent Building" after the family that owns it, but it is quite run down, and its visage has suffered from the pedestrian brick industrial building which was stuck onto its rear, obscuring the eastern facade. The building houses manufacturers, offices, a video production facility, a publisher of art books, interior design firms, a yoga studio, a chapel, photographers, a spa, a florist and event space and at least one restaurant.[14][106][107][108]
    (50 South Buckhout Street)
  • East Irvington, the building was expanded to two stories in 1925, and accommodated all elementary school children in the area. In 1954, because of overcrowding, the village built the Dows Lane Elementary School, although the East Irvington School continued to be used for some grades until 1970, when it was closed.[12] East Irvington, an unincorporated area of the town of Greenburgh which is part of the Irvington School District, but not of the Village of Irvington, had been known as "Dublin" due to the number of Irish immigrant workers living there, many of whom worked at the nearby quarry. The school building was converted to condominiums in 1983, when it was also placed on the National Register of Historic Places. A similar school is located in the section of Tarrytown known as "Pennybridge", which is also part of the Irvington School District.[109]
  • Halsey Teahouse (1905) – A. J. Manning was commissioned by oil and cotton magnate Melchior Beltzhoover to build an exact replica of a Rhineland castle. The 44-room mansion, called "Rochroane", was sold to Benjamin Halsey in 1927 and renamed "Grey Towers". The estate was given by Halsey's widow to the Irvington Catholic Church in 1976, and the castle burned down the next year (the exterior was stone, but the interior was wood). The estate was sold to a developer, who gave the pond to the village in exchange for the right to build residence on the property. The "Halsey Playhouse" or "Teahouse", which was restored in 1997, is the last remnant of the estate, except for a Tiffany landscape window now in the Corning Museum of Glass. The Teahouse has two floors, and an open hexagonal tower with Gothic-arched windows, and there is a walkway and stone bridge around Halsey Pond, which the structure overlooks. Vestiges of a fountain, dam, and other structures can be seen in the nearby woods and backyards.[110][111][112]


  • Hermit's Grave (1888) – Johann W. Stolting was a native of Heligoland who lived deep in the woods of Irvington as a hermit in the 19th century. He slept in his coffin, made of local chestnut wood, in a cabin overlooking the Saw Mill River valley. Stolting made his own clothes, wore sandals for shoes, but never wore a hat. He survived by selling wooden buttons made on a homemade foot-powered lathe. He died in 1888 at the age of 78, and his grave is only a few hundred feet west of the Saw Mill Parkway – the only marked grave in Irvington. The grave is reachable by a marked trail (the blue and white blazed "HG" trail) that begins at the north end of the village reservoir.[110] (trail head at Fieldpoint Road)
  • Hillside (1889) – Built in 1889 for medical doctor
    Colonial Revival[17] mansion house was designed for 34 rooms with 16 fireplaces, gables and bay windows, a large staircase, walls of mahogany paneling, and glass designed by Irvington resident Louis Comfort Tiffany.[17] The grounds were designed by Charles Eliot, who also planned the Boston park system with later alterations by Frederick Law Olmsted, the co-creator of New York City's Central Park.[114] The estate was sold shortly after Dunham's death in 1923[17] to Gordon Harris, the son of American Tobacco Company founder[115] William R. Harris. Gordon Harris, then Vice President[115] of the United States Lines shipping company, and his family lived on the estate until 1946[115]
  • Irvington Historic District (2013-14). In December 2002, a committee prepared for the trustees of the village of Irvington a comprehensive request for the New York State Department of Parks, Recreation of Historic Preservation to create a State and Federal historic district to include the heart of the village:

    that area of Irvington bounded by the Hudson River to the West, and Broadway to the East (to include Saint Barnabas and the Presbyterian Churches), by the gates of Barney Park to the South, and by the gates of Matthiessen Park to the North. This boundary being consistent with the original 1850s layout of Dearman, later renamed Irvington-on-Hudson.[116]

    This proposal did not result in an historic district being created.[117] In 2011, a second attempt was made, with a Historic District Committee being created and another application being made, this time covering

    Portions of Main St., W. Main St., River St., Bridge St., N. and S. Astor St., N. and S. Buckhout St., N. and S. Cottenet St., N. and S. Dutcher St., N. and S. Eckar St., N. and S. Ferris St., E. and W. Home Pl., Grinnel St., Aqueduct Ln., N. and S. Dearman St., and Broadway[118][119][120]

    In September 2013, the proposal was accepted by the state,[121] and in January 2014 by the National Register for Historic Places.[121][122] The district includes 212 contributing and 43 non-contributing buildings, and 1 contributing site.[118]
  • Lord & Burnham Building (1881) – Lord & Burnham manufactured greenhouses – an excellent example of which can be seen at Lyndhurst, the estate of Jay Gould, in neighboring Tarrytown[123] – and boilers. The Burnham factory building, built in 1881 to replace a factory that burned down on the same site that year, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1999. It has been renovated and repurposed into residences and the new home of the expanded Irvington Public Library.[124] Across the railroad tracks, the buildings of Lord & Burnham's expansion factory have been renovated and transformed into upscale commercial real estate buildings known as Bridge Street Properties, which houses around 60 different companies, retail stores, and restaurants.[125][126] (Foot of Main Street at the train station). Additionally, residential row houses originally constructed for Lord & Burnham's factory workers can be found at #10-#16A North Buckhout Street, north of Main Street.[117]: 15 
  • Con Edison substation in 1957, and served as a doctor's office until 1984. The Village of Irvington acquired it in 2002, and it was restored and renovated to be the headquarters of the Irvington Historical Society, opening in November 2005 as the Irvington History Center. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places (2003).[127]
    (131 Main Street, between North Dearman and Broadway)
  • Nevis (1836) –
    T. Coleman DuPont of Delaware in 1920, and was given to Columbia by her in 1934, "to make more satisfactory provision for its increasingly important work in landscape architecture and general horticulture." One early pamphlet remarked, "Nevis is one of the superb examples of historic and landscape architecture in America. No other country place north of Maryland so perfectly exemplifies the taste of the Early Republican Period in our history." The property contains an inventory of 2,640 trees and 1,928 ornamental shrubs.[53][128] Columbia began the construction of a physics laboratory with a cyclotron – at the time the world's most powerful – in 1947, which was dedicated by Columbia's president, Dwight D. Eisenhower
    , in 1950. It was decommissioned in 1978. The laboratory continues to be used to study high-energy physics and astrophysics. (South Broadway)
  • Amzi Lorenzo Barber. Nuits remains a private residence, albeit on 4.78 acres (1.93 ha) rather than the original 40-acre (16 ha) estate. Nuits, which is also known as the Cottenet-Brown House, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and the house was restored between 1980 and 2000.[14][129][130]
    (2 Clifton Place at Hudson Road, Ardsley-on-Hudson)
  • Odell's Tavern (1693) – The main part of the Odell-Conklin-Harmse Tavern, the oldest house extant in Irvington, is constructed of fieldstone, with walls that are four feet thick. It was built by Jan Harmse after he moved to the area from Long Island, and was converted to a tavern in 1742 Mathius and Sophia Conklin, a function it served until sometime in the 19th century. The "Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York" stopped there in April 1776, when Jonathan Odell was the proprietor, on their way out of New York City when the British occupied it, and discussed General Washington's defeat at the Battle of Long Island. In 1989, the Village of Irvington had the opportunity to purchase for $5.5 million the 10.5-acre (4.2 ha) Murray-Griffin property that includes the Tavern, as well as 19th century barn and carriage house and a 23-room four-story Bedford stone house built in 1938, but did not. The Tavern, which in 2006 was reported as having undergone a recent restoration using artisans from Lyndhurst, is now part of a private residence and is not open to the public.[21][10][85][131][132][133] (South Broadway at West Clinton Avenue)
  • Shadowbrook (1895), is a 9-acre estate built for banker
    North American Philips Company and then the Yeshiva Ohel Shmuel, a boarding school for high school and college students, before being torn down in 1979–80 to be replaced by condominiums. Shadowbrook has been converted into multiple private residences, and is not open to the public, although the mansion is sometimes used for weddings and other events.[134][135][136]
    (821 South Broadway, Tarrytown)
  • Station Road Tunnel (1837–1842) – At Station Road, west of Broadway, the
    Old Croton Aqueduct passes overhead iniside a large stone and earthwork viaduct which spans what was the culvert formed by Jewel's Brook. Through the viaduct passes a single-lane tunnel to allow the road to pass through, and another smaller tunnel to the north to allow Jewel's Brook – now known as Barney Brook – through as well.[137] The tunnel plays a major part in the 2016 film The Girl on the Train.[97]
    (Station Road west of South Broadway)
  • Strawberry Hill (1855, expanded c.1870s) – This stone mansion in Norman Victorian Gothic style was built by John Thomas and expanded by Edward Delano Lindsay for John Williams. Still a private residence as of 1995, it has pointed gables, turrets and large shuttered windows.[14][17] (North Broadway)
  • Sunnyside (1656/1835) – In 1835 Washington Irving bought for $1,800 a two-room pitched-roofed Dutch farm house built in 1656 from the property that was William Ecker's, and spent 15 years expanding and redesigning the house with the help of his friend and neighbor George Harvey, a landscape painter. Ten years later Irving continued, adding a tower his friends called "The Pagoda". Today, the house is owned and operated as a museum by Historic Hudson Valley. (West Sunnyside Lane at the river)
  • statue of Rip Van Winkle stands next to the Town Hall, on the grounds of the Main Street School. Beginning on August 1, 2016, restoration of the exterior began. Although the project was held up by a work stoppage and contractual disputes with the contractor. The work, which will provide new windows, masonry and terra-cotta tiles specifically produced for the building, is projected to be completed by April 2017.[73]
    (Main Street at North Ferris Street)

  • Town Hall Theater (1902, restored 1979-80) - The theater was designed to be a replica of
    Original Amateur Hour there as well.[144] However, it gradually fell into disuse and disrepair by the 1960s, being used only for occasional exhibitions and overnight "camping" by the local Boy Scout troops. In 1978 concerted citizen action started the ball rolling to completely renovate and revitalize the theater, and it re-opened in 1980, run by Irvington Town Hall Theater, Inc., a non-profit corporation under the auspices of the Town Hall Theater Commission, whose members are appointed by the mayor. Today, the Town Hall Theater presents a wide variety of events, including concerts, plays and musicals – as well as the "Best of Film" series begun in 2007, an "All Shorts" film festival started in 2015,[145] and a Playwright Festival inaugurated in 2017,[146] – in its 432-seat facility.[147] In 2016, the village received community revitalization funding as part of New NY Bridge, which it will use to create a street-level plaza for the theater.[73] As of 2019, the theater's website was using the name "Irvington Theater".[148] In April 2021, the Irvington Shakespeare Company was founded to perform at the theater.[149]
    (Main Street at North Ferris Street)

Quality of life

In an October 2010 ranking of the "Best Places to Live", Westchester Magazine listed Irvington as #1 and called it "charming, quiet, green, with a darling Main Street, stunning river views, [and] a burgeoning dining scene... a great mix." Factors in which Irvington was not highly ranked included "Diversity" and "Property tax", both with a score of four out of ten, and "Housing cost", with a five.[9]

In May 2015, the village released a report which indicated that its water supply exceeded the requirements laid down by the State of New York.[153][154]

In November 2016, Rivertowns Patch rated Irvington 17th among the "30 Safest Places To Live In New York – 2016". Its violent crime rate per 1000 was 0.2, and its property crime rate, also per 1000, was 2.7.[155]

U.S. Census Bureau, and the FBI.[156] In May 2017, Niche rated Irvington as "A+" in their list of the best and worst places to live in New York.[157]

On the other hand, in February 2016 the website RoadSnacks, in an article which made clear that it was "opinion based on fact" and intended as "infotainment", not as serious science, listed Irvington as the third most boring place in New York State, after Briarcliff Manor and Rye Brook in Westchester, and just above Croton-on-Hudson, also in Westchester, and Chestnut Ridge in Rockland.[158]

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, when many wealthy New York City residents abandoned the city to move to places which were considered to be safer and less affected by the virus, Irvington was one of the places in Westchester County which showed "a significant increase in sales by New York City residents".[159]

Parks and recreation

As of 2018 about 35% of Irvington's land is undeveloped public land,[6][7] and, as of 2010, 23 percent of the land in Irvington is set aside for parks and recreation.[9] Three of Irvington's parks, Memorial Park (Dows Lane or Station Road), Matthiessen Park (Bridge Street off Astor Street), and Halsey Pond Park, are open only to village residents with a permit, but others are accessible by the general public. The Irvington Parks and Recreation Department is located in the Isabel K. Benjamin Community Center on Main Street.[23][160]

Scenic Hudson Park
  • There are no public golf courses located in Irvington, but the Ardsley Country Club, a private club founded in 1895, is located in Ardsley-on-Hudson, which is part of Irvington. The Ardsley Curling Club is located on the grounds of the country club.
  • Putnam Division Railroad
    . The final area is largely undeveloped. A county park permit may be required for some uses of the park.
  • Irvington Woods Hiking Trails – an extensive network of hiking trails, most of them fairly non-strenuous, criss-crosses the woods between Broadway and the Saw Mill River Parkway. Highlights of the area include the Irvington Reservoir and its associated watershed as well as the Hermit's Grave, the grave of a 19th century immigrant who called the woods his home.[161] (trailheads on Cyrus Field Road, Mountain Road, Fieldpoint Road, and East Field near Irvington High School)
  • The
    Croton Aqueduct, traverses the village between Broadway and the Hudson River, and is a popular biking and jogging path. In 2016 the village received funding from the New York State Department of Transportation to improve the trail's crossing of Main Street with input from the New York State Parks Department.[73]
    (west of Broadway)
  • Scenic Hudson Park, which is co-owned by the village and the Scenic Hudson Land Trust, is located on the river side of the railroad tracks, not far from the foot of Main Street. Pedestrians can use the underpass at the train station while cars cross the tracks via Bridge Street. The park has ballfields, children's playgrounds, about a mile of flat walking paths, a boat launch and 4.5 acres (1.8 ha) of lawn.[160] In 2016, The Journal News called the park "one of Westchester County's most popular public spaces."[162] (Bridge Street at the river)
  • Just south of the village's Matthiessen Park lies the Irvington Boat and Beach Club, a private club founded in the 1950s which is supported by member dues. The club is located off Bridge Street, and lies on land owned by Bridge Street Properties. The club has a pier connected to a floating dock from which members can swim, sunbathe or launch boats and kayaks. In 2017, the club spent $9,000 to shore up six of the pier's pilings. On Friday March 2, 2018, one of 6 runaway construction barges connected to the building of the nearby
    Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge, which broke away during a nor'easter with over 50 mph (80 km/h; 22 m/s) winds, crashed into the pier, destroying it. The club's Vice Commodore speculated that the barge went upriver during high tide, and came back down during low tide. One of the other barges capsized off of Yonkers, south of Irvington, while two others ran aground near Alpine, New Jersey, across the river. The Coast Guard, assisted by Westchester County Police Marine Unit, intercepted the remaining two barges.[163][164]

Restaurants

One of the first of the notable restaurants to be founded in Irvington was "Mima Vinoteca" on Main Street, begun by Dana Santucci in 2007.

Tandoori restaurant, which moved in 2016 from the Irvington waterfront to 76 Main Street.[171] In October 2016, the owner of "Chutney Masala" opened "Sambal Thai and Malaysian" on Main Street.[172]

In addition,

Irvington's former New York Central Railroad station house, which was a ticket office from 1889 to 1957, is now, in 2016, with the addition of an outdoor garden, "Brrzaar", a 20-seat café.[173] In December 2020, Esquire magazine highlighted the "Irvington Delight Market", a bodega on the corner of South Broadway and Main Street, which specializes in homemade Middle Eastern food, as one of "100 Restaurants America Can't Afford to Lose".[174][175]

Notable people

Sailboats on the Hudson at Irvington (1889) by Albert Bierstadt
Hudson River from Irvington (1867) by Samuel Colman. The view is from "Strawberry Hill", the John Williams estate[176]

Notable past residents

Notable past residents of Irvington include:

Frederick W. Guiteau and David Dows, who made their millions in grain commissions and railroads. James Alexander Hamilton, the son of Alexander Hamilton and onetime acting secretary of State of New York, had his estate "Nevis" in Irvington. He died there on September 24, 1878.[183]

The Reverend Sun Myung Moon, head of the Unification Church, had a residence in Irvington at the time of his death;[88] Lillian Nordica, a noted opera singer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries;[181] Charles Lewis Tiffany the founder of Tiffany & Co., whose son, Louis Comfort Tiffany, designed the Tiffany glass which can be seen in the clock tower and lighting fixtures in the Town Hall and the stained glass windows in the Presbyterian Church; Madam C. J. Walker (see "Villa Lewaro" in Points of Interest above);[14] and Justine Bayard Cutting Ward, who developed the Ward method of music education.[177]

Jazz saxophonist Stan Getz lived in Irvington – his estate, "Shadowbrook", is less than a mile from Washington Irving's home, at the intersection of Broadway and West Sunnyside Lane;[184][185] Getz' ex-wife, Monica still resides in the village (see below). Stan Getz's contemporary, jazz drummer and bandleader Mel Lewis (né Melvin Sokoloff) also lived in Irvington.[186]

Norman S. Powell (the adopted son of Dick Powell
), who went to Irvington's public schools.

In the 1970s, actors Jack Cassidy and Shirley Jones, who were married, lived for a time in Irvington, along with their son Shaun Cassidy – but not David Cassidy, who no longer lived with the family by then. Shaun attended the Irvington Public Schools for a short time.[189][190] Actress and filmmaker Penny Peyser – whose father, Peter A. Peyser was the mayor of the village for eight years, and later a three-term Congressman – grew up in Irvington and attended the public schools there, graduating in 1969.[191][192]

Ted Mack's Original Amateur Hour on television, was also a resident,[193] as was actress Patricia Neal, who lived in Irvington for a while.[when?][citation needed] Oscar-winning cinematographer Wally Pfister, noted for his work on Inception (2010) and Christopher Nolan's Batman films, was raised in Irvington in the 1960s and 70s, and attended the local schools.[194] The acting couple Debra Winger and Arliss Howard also lived in Irvington.[195] Singer Julius La Rosa lived in Irvington for over 40 years, until November 2015.[21][185][196][197]

Poet Lucia Perillo – who received a MacArthur "Genius" grant in 2000, and died of multiple sclerosis in 2016 – grew up in Irvington in the 1960s.[198] Historical author Robert K. Massie lived in Irvington for over 50 years, and died there in his home in 2019.[199]

Notable current residents

Irvington is currently home to a number of notable people,

Formula 500 race car driver David Lapham,[205] choreographer Peter Martins and former New York City Ballet dancer Darci Kistler;[185][206] Fox News newscaster Jon Scott; and television host Meredith Vieira.[207][208] As of February 2020, Dan Peres, a memoirist and former high-profile magazine editor, lived in Irvington.[209]

In popular culture

Films and television

  • The following films include scenes shot in Irvington:

Literature

References

Informational notes

  1. ^ The name of the Indian band has variously been spelled Wiechquaeskeck, Wechquaesqueck, Weckquaesqueek, Wecquaesgeek, Weekquaesguk, Wickquasgeck, Wickquasgek, Wiequaeskeek, Wiequashook, and Wiquaeskec. The spelling given here is one widely used for the original name of Broadway in lower Manhattan: "The Wickquasgeck Trail". The meaning of the name, however spelled, has been given as "the end of the marsh, swamp or wet meadow", "place of the bark kettle", and "birch bark country". See Trumbull, James Hammond (1881), Indian Names of Places, Etc., in and on the Borders of Connecticut, With Interpretations of Some of Them Hartford: Case, Lockwood & Brainard Company. p.81
  2. ^ In order, from the river going up the hill along Main Street, the streets are Astor, Buckhout, Cottenet, Dutcher, Ecker, Ferris and Grinnell, until the pattern is broken by Croton Place and Aqueduct Lane, followed by Dearman Street, the last side street before Broadway.
  3. ^ Although Sunnyside was considered to be part of Irvington (or "Dearman") at the time, the neighboring village of Tarrytown incorporated first in 1870, two years before Irvington, and when the official boundaries were drawn, the estate ended up in Tarrytown rather than Irvington, as did Lyndhurst, the estate of robber baron Jay Gould.

    Just how the change in our northern boundary occurred I could never find out to my satisfaction. Some say this calamity happened over night, so to speak, when our officials were napping or away on vacation. But this I know, that fully a dozen of our most prominent citizens and their magnificent estates were suddenly taken from Irvington territory and the village boundary was moved to the center of Sunnyside Lane. ... The part that most saddened our hearts was the fact that Irving's home, "Sunnyside", for whom Irvington was named, no longer rests in the town in which he originally thought he lived." Jennie Black (quoted in Graff & Graff, pp.54-56)
  4. ^ Not #379 as reported in the news.com.au article. There is no house at #379, and the house pictured in the article is #359.

Citations

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  2. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
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  4. ^ a b "QuickFacts - Irvington village, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  5. ^ Staff (February 27, 2014) "Top 3 commuter towns for New York City" The Real Deal
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  8. ^ NRIS Asset Detail
  9. ^ a b c d Brenner, Elsa (September 21, 2010). "Best Places to Live". Westchester Magazine.
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  11. ^ a b c d e Renner, Tom (February 26, 2016) "Tiffany Connection Plays Major Part In Irvington History" Rivertowns Daily Voice
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  20. ^ Lockwood, Wolfert Ecker in Graff & Graff, p.35
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  27. ^ "A History of the Waterfront", historical plaque at Scenic Hudson Park in Irvington
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  32. ^ Woyton, Michael (February 21, 2020("Plea In 2018 Fatal Stabbing Of Restaurant Worker" Rivertowns Patch
  33. ^ Eberhart, Christopher J. (February 21, 2020) "Irvington: Woman pleads guilty in River City Grille murder" The Journal News
  34. ^ Staff (February 21, 2020) "Kitchen worker pleads guilty to 2018 murder in Irvington restaurant" The Hudson Independent
  35. ^ Bandler, Jonathan (September 10, 2020) "Irvington restaurant employee sentenced for murder of co-worker" Rockland/Westchester Journal News
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Bibliography

  • Dodsworth, Barbara (1995). The Foundation of Historic Irvington. Irvington, New York: Foundation for Economic Education.
  • Graff, Polly Anne; Graff, Stewart, eds. (1971). Wolfert's Roost: Portrait of a Village. Irvington, New York: The Washington Irving Press.
  • Spikes, Judith Doolin; Leone, Anne Marie (2009). Then & Now: Irvington. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Press.
    ISBN 978-0-7385-6519-4
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Irvington, New York.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Irvington.

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History

Media


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