Ishfaq Ahmad Khan
Ishfaq Ahmad Khan | |
---|---|
Nishan-i-Imitiaz (1998) | |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Nuclear physics |
Institutions |
|
Thesis | Structure et identification des trajectoires dans les emulsions ionographiques à grain fin (1959) |
Doctoral advisor | Pierre Demers |
Other academic advisors | R.M. Chaudhry |
Notable students | Samar Mubarakmand |
Ishfaq Ahmad Khan (3 November 1930 – 18 January 2018)
A versatile
Since the 1960s and onwards, he was a high-ranking official at the
Biography
Early life and education
Ahmad was born in
After entering in the post graduate school at the Punjab University, Ahmad obtained his MSc degree, in 1951, after submitting his master's thesis on nuclear physics, which was supervised by R. M. Chaudhry.[11] With his master's degree, he obtained Honours diploma and secured a gold medallion for the recognition of his work in physics.[9] He taught various undergraduate physics laboratory courses at the Government College University while working on fundamental concepts in nuclear physics with his university mentor. In 1954, he won the scholarship under the Colombo Plan fellowship program and went to Quebec, Canada for his doctorate studies.[12]
Ahmad attended the doctorate school at the Université de Montréal and did a two-year-long course in Particle physics and engaged his research on theoretical physics. In 1959, Ahmad obtained D.Sc. in physics after submitting his doctoral works on concepts on advancing on particle physics.[12] His theses were written in fluent French and English language, and he reluctantly returned to Pakistan under the terms of Colombo Plan contract. His DSc theses were supervised by Pierre Demers[13] and covered a wide range of research in the study of elementary particles by using the deployment of special fine grain nuclear emulsion (AgBr).[13] During his long doctoral studies, Ahmad studied nuclear reaction at the Montreal Laboratory with supervisors and scientists role in the Manhattan Project. Upon his return to Pakistan, he joined the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) as a senior scientist.[12]
Academia and CERN
In 1952, Ahmad served as a
Ahmad also performed experiments on nuclear physics at the Meuse Underground Laboratories of France.[17] In 1965, Ahmad published a research report on absorption of Pion's cross sections and the range of complex atom's energy of the pion particle.[18] He recalled his Cern experience in 1994:
In 1994, I visited
DESY. It brought back good memories of my earlier visits, which date back to 1962 when I came to CERN as a young post-doctoral fellow working at the University Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen (now the Niels Bohr Institute) to perform a nuclear emulsion experiment. During my visit in 1994, I was fascinated to see the exciting developments in physics that were taking place at CERN, and I had only one wish— that my own country, Pakistan— should somehow become involved in scientific collaboration with CERN, and that our physicists and engineers could also become part of the most advanced, challenging and rewarding scientific endeavour: the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).— Ishfaq Ahmad, 1994, source[19]
In the 1990s, Ahmad played a pivotal role in building closer relations with the CERN, and lobbied tirelessly for PAEC to reach an agreement with CERN.[19][20] In 1997, Ahmad, as chair of PAEC, signed an agreement with CERN in the up gradation of the CMS detector and the financial contribution worth one million SFr for the construction of eight magnetic rings for the detector.[19] This was followed by in 1998, Ishfaq Ahmad, as PAEC chairman, reached another contract with CERN.[19] The signing of the agreement was followed by the state visit of CERN's director Christopher Llewellyn Smith with whom Ahmad signed a collaborative agreement that provided an entry point for Pakistani's scientist (respectively PAEC) into the CMS collaboration.[19]
In 2000, another treaty between PAEC and CERN was signed that covered the construction of the resistive plate chambers required for the CMS muon system. In Press Conference with Luciano Maiani, Ahmad quoted: "I very much hope and wish that these developments may eventually lead to Pakistan becoming an associate member of CERN."[21]
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
In 1960, Ahmad joined the
While he was Chairman PAEC, Ahmad has been heading the country's delegation at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria.[23] At IAEA, he was always very keen for getting technical support and the breaking of the isololation of scientists from third world. On his persuasion IAEA's technical assistance program was adapted to cater for special needs of the developing countries.[23] In this regard a Standing Advisory Group on Technical Assistance and Cooperation (SAGTAC) was established; Ahmad served as the first Chairman of the Group.[23]
1971 war and atomic bomb project
After the
As early as in 1976, Ahmad, in a seismic team led by geophysicist Ahsan Mubarak conducted a
In 1976, PAEC succeeded in producing the first local 10
At PINSTECH, Ahmad produced the first
A first
Chagai tests
In 1991, Ahmad was officially approved as the chairman of PAEC by the
Ahmad personally supervised the test preparations as he also suggests the codenames of the tests. On 28 May 1998, the PAEC, sided by
Later work and activism
Earthquake studies and climate change
After retiring from the PAEC in 2001, Ahmad developed interests in seismology and the climate change, and helped founded the Global Change Impact Studies Centre and the Centre for Earthquake Studies (CES), both initially attached to the National Centre for Physics (NCP) in Islamabad. Ahmad served as elected President of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences and is the lifetime Chairman of the Board of Governors of the National Centre for Physics (NCP)— a research institute established on the pattern of International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) at Trieste, Italy.[citation needed]
He also put Pakistan on the governing Council of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria, which conducts policy related research using mathematical modeling and simulation tools.[34]
Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC)
Ishfaq Ahmad's efforts led to the creation of the Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC) in Islamabad where, for the first time, research on policy issues related to climate change is being undertaken in Pakistan. The centre, an autonomous organisation under the federal govt, works in collaboration with national institutions such as Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), WAPDA and PCRWR etc. The centre has also established collaborative relationship with international institutions, most importantly The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. GCISC, with Arshad M Khan as its executive director, also serves as the secretariat of the prime minister's Committee on Climate Change.[35]
Centre for Earthquake Studies (CES)
After 8 October 2005,
Advocacy for Nuclear power
Ishfaq Ahmad is internationally known for his long-standing public advocacy for the nuclear power plants for the industrial and socio-economic growth.[36][37] On international forums, Ahmad deterred the international pressure mounted on Pakistan after conducting its tests, instead highlighted the achievements gained by Pakistan on its nuclear power infrastructure in the country as well as the need of Pakistan's usage of nuclear power for its economical growth.[38] In 2012, Ahmad lobbied for the HMC-3 consortium to be listed as first commercial nuclear power corporation and helped the consortium to acquire its first license to manufacture nuclear materials for industrial power plants.[39]
State honours, awards and recognition
In 1989, Ishfaq Ahmad was bestowed with first state honour,
- Nishan-i-Imitiaz(1998)
- Hilal-i-Imtiaz (1995)
- Sitara-i-Imtiaz (1989)
- Gold Medal, Pakistan Academy of Sciences(1998)
- Institute of Leadership & Management(ILM) (1998)
- Gold Medal, Society of Engineering, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering (SEMME), Karachi, (1998)
- Gold Medal, Geological Society of Punjab, (1998)
- Honoris Causa, UET Lahore, 2000.
- Who's who in atom, American Institute of Physics (1969)
Fellowships
- Elected President of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences (2007)
- Board of Directors of the Abdus Salam Centre for Solid State Physics, Government College University, Lahore, 2006–present.
- Board of Governors of the GIKI) (2002)
- Chairman and Board of Governors, Riazuddin National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad (2001)
- Fellow of the Islamic World Academy of Sciences (2000)
- Fellow of the Nuclear Society of Pakistan (1997)
- Elected fellow of the Pakistan Nuclear Society (1993)
- Honorary Fellow of the International Nuclear Energy Academy (INEA)
- Honorary Member of World Innovation Foundation (WIF), UK (2006)
- Board of Governors of the Government College University, Lahore (1989–1996)
- Fellow of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences (1983)
- Fellow at Niels Bohr Institute of Theoretical Physics, Copenhagen, Denmark (1961–1962)
- Member of the Board of Sponsors of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
- Member of the Board of Physics Olympiad of Pakistan.
- An honorary Council Member of International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).
Publications
Thesis
D.Sc. Thesis (UQAM): Structure and Identification of trajectories in fine grain ionographic emulsions, under the direction of Pierre Demers, Faculty of Science, University of Montreal, Canada, 1958.
Research papers
- Trajectories structure in fine-grained emulsions, Ann. ACFAS, 23, 111–112, 1957. (http://er.uqam.ca/nobel/c3410/PierreDemersBibl1950-9.html)
- Structure des trajectoires dans les émulsions à grain fin, avec Ishfaq Ahmad, 1er Colloque International de Photographie Corpusculaire. Strasbourg, 1957
- Identification of particles in the fine grain emulsions with Ishfaq Ahmad and Jean-Louis Meunier, 1er Colloque International de Photographie Corpusculaire. Strasbourg, 1957
- Photometric analysis of the trajectories in ionographic detectors, 25th ACFAS, Univ. Laval, Quebec, Nov.3,1957.Ann.ACFAS,24, 119, 1958.
- An optical model of the granular structure of trajectories, 2nd Symposium photography corpuscular Montreal 1958. ACFAS, 26th Congress, University of Ottawa, 31 Oct.- 2 Nov. 1958.
6. L'INFLUENCE DU DÉVELOPPEMENT SUR LA STRUCTURE DES TRAJECTOIRES ET SUR LE VOILE DANS LES ÉMULSIONS À GRAINS FINS, Canadian Journal of Physics, 1959, 37(12). pp. 1548–1552. (http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/p59-171)
- The ionographic detector considered a pulse source, PC II, PUM, 314- 316, 1959.
- Influence du diamètre moyen des grains vierges dans une émulsion
nucléaire sur la structure des lacunes. Ahmad Ishfaq and Max Morand. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, France, 1959, Vol. 1–3 (T248, part 1), pp. 1798–1800 (http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32002/f1836.image).
- Influence of the gelatin on the granular size distribution of silver bromide during the production of ionographic emulsions, PC III, PUM, 128–134, 1964. (http://er.uqam.ca/nobel/c3410/PierreDemersBibl1960-9.html)
- Ionographic emulsion made with a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and albumin, ACFAS, 32nd Congress, Univ. Ottawa, Ontario, 6–8 Nov. 1964.
1964, Ann. ACFAS, 31, 76–7, 1965.
- Ionographic emulsions loaded with diamond powder, ACFAS, 32nd Congress, Univ. Ottawa, Ontario, 6 to 8 November,
- (3,3) Resonance in the Nucleus – Progress of Theoretical Physics, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. Vol 35 (3), 1966 (http://ptp.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/3/566.full.pdf).
13. The role of pre-irradiation annealing in changing the track development characteristics of glass track detectors. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol.131(1), 1975, pp. 89–92.
- 'Seasoning' of latent damage trails in lunar samples, Nature 254, 1975, pp 126–127.
- Anisotropy in the track development properties of various crystallographic planes of natural quartz crystals, Radiation Effects, Vol. 30(3), 1976, pp 159–165.
- The use of Alpha Sensitive Plastic Films (ASPF) for uranium/thorium exploration and prospecting. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 11(6), 1978, pp 295–297.
- The measurement of radon and thoron by solid state nuclear track detectors, Radiation Effects, Vol. 35 (1–2), 1978, pp 35–43.
- Track structure and identification of particles in nuclear emulsions. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol. 173(1), 1980, pp 15–20.
- Some important considerations in the use of solid state nuclear track detectors for radon gas concentration measurements. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Volume 173 (1), 1980, pp 183–189.
- Field experience about the use of alpha sensitive plastic films for uranium exploration. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Volume 173(1), 1980, Pages 191–196
- CERN and Pakistan: a personal perspective, 2003 (http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/28934).
- Managing nuclear knowledge in a developing country: Pakistan's perspective. Int. J. Nuclear Knowledge Management. Vol 1(1–2), 2004, pp 90–97.
- MANAGING NUCLEAR KNOWLEDGE: ROLE OF IAEA AND ITS TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME, International Conference on Nuclear Knowledge Management Strategies, Information Management and Human Resource Development, 7–10 September 2004, Sacley, France. (http://www.iaea.org/km/cnkm/presentations/ahmadpakistan.pdf)
- DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE, International Conference on Environment: Survival and Sustainability.
19–24 February 2007, Cyprus (https://www.springer.com/environment/sustainable+development/book/978-3-540-95990-8).
Books
- Ahmad, Ishfaq D.Sc. (2002). Water and New Technologies (in English and French). Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory: Global Change Impact Studies Centre. p. 168. ISBN 978-969-8500-00-9.
See also
- Munir Ahmad Khan
- Abdus Salam
- European Organization for Nuclear Research(CERN)
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- Montreal Laboratory
- Nimra Ahmed Khan
References
- ^ "Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad (N.I, H.I, S.I) Advisor S&T / Minister of State". Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
- ^ Shabbir, Usman. "Munir Ahmad Khan and PAEC's other achievements". The Multan Conference, 20 Jan 1972: The day the bomb was born. Islamabad, Pakistan: Usman Shabbir published as cover story in Defence Journal (May 2004 issue). p. 1. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad (a theoretical physicist) and others involved in critical technologies and projects worked as a team, and gave ultimate security to Pakistan... Quoted by: Pakistan Defence Journal, 2004
- ^ a b (Rehman 1999, pp. 71–72)
- ^ a b (Rehman 1999, pp. 78–80)
- ^ (Rehman 1999, pp. 18–20)
- ^ "Famed nuclear scientist Ishfaq Ahmed passes away". Samaa TV. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
- ^ "Renowned nuclear scientist 'Dr Ishfaq Ahmad' laid to the rest". Business Plus. 21 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
- ^ Rahi, Arwin (25 February 2020). "Why Afghanistan should leave Pakistani Pashtuns alone". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d e (PAS), Pakistan Academy of Sciences (2012). "Fellow: Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad-PAS". The Office of Pakistan Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2012..
- ^ Sheikh, Majid (22 October 2017). "The history of Lahore's Kakayzais". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
- ^ "Career of Tahir Hussain". Pride of Pakistan.
- ^ a b c Rehman, Mumtazul Haque. "Appendix". Montreal Religious Sites Project. McGill University. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ^ a b Demers, Pierre. "Decade 1950–59". Demers Group of Physics. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
- ^ Friends, The Successful Pakistan in and Around the World. "See:Prof. Ishfaq Ahmad". friendskorner.com.
- ^ Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad. "Minister Planning Commission: Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad (N.I, H.I, S.I)". Planning Commission of Pakistan. Jawaid Azfar, Computer Centre of Planning Commission. Archived from the original on 10 April 2010.
- ^ Ahmad, Ishfaq; et al. (1966). "Resonance in the Nucleus". Progress of Theoretical Physics. 35 (1–3). Retrieved 11 October 2012.
- ^ (NPT), Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust; Khalid Mahmood Asim (2003). "Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad". Prominent Scientists of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 13 January 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ^ Ishfaq Ahmad. "Í ABSURPTIÜN ÜF FAST Tt MESÜNS IN NUCLEAR EMULSIUN". EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH.
- ^ a b c d e CERN Courier (5 October 2003). "CERN and Pakistan: a personal perspective" (cws). CERN Courier services. CERN. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
- ^ "People". CERN Courier. 39 (6): 32. July 1999.
- ^ "CERN and Pakistan strengthen agreement". CERN Courier. 40 (6): 9. July 2000.
- ^ a b c d e IAS. "Prof. Ishfaq Ahmad". Islamic Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
- ^ a b c IAEA archives. "Technical cooperation with IAEA". IAEA archives. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d e RAI MUHAMMAD SALEH AZAM. "When Mountains Move – The Story of Chagai". RAI MUHAMMAD SALEH AZAM. The Nation, 2000. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
- ^ (Rehman 1999, pp. 80–81)
- ^ (Rehman 1999, pp. 99–100)
- ^ Azam, Rai Muhammad Saleh (June 2000). "See: Kirana Hills: The Cold Tests". Defense Journal of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012.
- ^ .
- .
- .
- ^ Sublette, Carey. "Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program - Development". nuclearweaponarchive.org.
- ^ (NPT), Ashfaque; Khalid Mahmood Asim (2003). "Dr. Ashfaque Ahmad". Prominent Scientists of Pakistan. Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust. Archived from the original on 13 January 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ^ Ibid, (Pakistan's Leaders Online), See
- ^ IIASA, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (2009). "Council Member: Dr. Ahmad, Ishfaq". IIASA-National Member Organization:Pakistan. Directorate of National Member Organizations and Council Members. Archived from the original on 27 June 2005.
- ^ (GCISC), Global Change Impact Studies Centre (2006). "GCISC Advisory Committee". Global Change Impact Studies Centre.
- ^ "The Future Role of Nuclear Power in Member States", Sustainable Development: A Role for Nuclear Power?, IAEA Sustainable Development: A Role for Nuclear Power?, 28–29 September 1999
- ^ Staff reports. "'Nuclear power programme meets". Daily Times. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
- ^ Ahmad, Ishfaq (18–22 September 2000). "Statement by Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad. Leader of the Pakistan Delegation to the 44th IAEA General Conference. Vienna" (google docs). IAEA Press Release. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
- ^ Anis, Mohammad (3 October 2012). "HMC-3 gets licence to produce parts for N-plants". The News International. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
Further reading
- Rehman, Shahidur (1999) [1999], "§Untold story of Pakistan's Nuclear Quest", Long Road to Chagai, vol. 1, Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory: Printwise Publications, pp. 70–100, ISBN 978-969-8500-00-9
External links
- Dr. Ishfaq Ahmed* Ishfaq Ahmad Minister of State
- Ahmad, Ishfaq. "Managing Nuclear Technology" (PDF). IAEA and Government of Pakistan. IAEA. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- Scully, Marlan O.; Zubairy, M. Suhail (1997). "Quantum Theory of Radiation". Quantum optics (6. printing. ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43595-6. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- Ishfaq Ahmad (1966). Progress of Theoretical Physics, Volume 35, Issues 1–3. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 19 October 2012.