Isosporiasis

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Isosporiasis
Other namescystoisosporiasis
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Isosporiasis, also known as cystoisosporiasis, is a human intestinal disease caused by the parasite

AIDS patients, and outbreaks have been reported in institutionalized groups in the United States. The first documented case was in 1915. It is usually spread indirectly, normally through contaminated food or water (CDC.gov).[1]

Signs and symptoms

Infection causes acute, non-bloody diarrhea with crampy abdominal pain, which can last for weeks and result in malabsorption and weight loss. In immunodepressed patients, and in infants and children, the diarrhea can be severe. Eosinophilia may be present (differently from other protozoan infections).[2]

Cause

The

Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, and Cystoisospora).[citation needed
]

Transmission

People become infected by swallowing the mature parasite; this normally occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. The infected host then produces an immature form of the parasite in their feces, and when the parasite matures, it is capable of infecting its next host, via food or water containing the parasite.[citation needed]

Life cycle

At time of excretion, the immature

Fertilization results in the development of oocysts that are excreted in the stool. Cystoisospora belli infects both humans and animals.[citation needed
]

Diagnosis

Microscopic demonstration of the large typically shaped oocysts is the basis for diagnosis. Because the oocysts may be passed in small amounts and intermittently, repeated stool examinations and concentration procedures are recommended. If stool examinations are negative, examination of

acid-fast stain.[citation needed
]

Typical laboratory analyses include:[citation needed]

  • Microscopy
  • Morphologic comparison with other intestinal parasites
  • Bench aids for Cystoisospora

Prevention

Avoiding food or water that may be contaminated with stool can help prevent the infection of Cystoisospora (Isosporiasis). Good hand-washing, and personal-hygiene practices should be used as well. One should wash their hands with soap and warm water after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before handling food (CDC.gov).[1] It is also important to teach children the importance of washing their hands, and how to properly wash their hands.[citation needed]

Treatment

The treatment of choice is

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim).[3]

Epidemiology

While isosporiasis occurs throughout the world, it is more common in tropical and subtropical areas. Cystoisospora infections are more common in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as HIV or leukemia.[citation needed]

See also

  • List of parasites (human)

References

  1. ^ a b Prevention, CDC - Centers for Disease Control and. "CDC - Cystoisosporiasis - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
  2. CDC
    website.
  3. S2CID 26120155
    .

External links

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