1987 Italian referendums
Five nationwide
Turnout was quite high, with 65% of the electors participating in the referendum. For the first time since the adoption of the Constitution in 1948, a referendum was approved by the citizens.
Nuclear power abrogative referendums
The nuclear power referendums concerned three issues:
- abolishing the statutes by which the Inter-ministries Committee for the Economical Programming (CIPE) could decide about the locations for nuclear plants, when the Regions did not do so within the time stipulated by Law 393;
- abolishing rewards for municipalities in whose territories nuclear or coal plants were to be built;
- abolishing the statutes allowing ENEL to take part in international agreements to build and manage nuclear plants.
Some commenters find that the questions were actually too technical for non-experts and were used to obtain popular consent after Chernobyl disaster in 1986.[1] [2]
In each referendum "Yes" won. Subsequently, in 1988 the Italian government commenced to shut down the existing plants.
Location for nuclear plants
This referendum asked to abolish the power of the state to oblige the local administrations to accept new nuclear plants in their territory. Italian voters had to say yes if they wanted to support local administrations, or no if they wanted to maintain statal supremacy about this theme. The question had a turnout of 65.1% and a high invalid/blank vote count.
Choice | Votes | % | % of voters | % of registered |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 20,984,110 | 80.6 | 70.3 | 45.7 |
No | 5,059,819 | 19.4 | 16.9 | 11.0 |
Invalid/blank votes | 3,818,447 | – | 12.8 | 8.3 |
Total | 29,862,376 | 100 | 100 | 65.1 |
Registered voters/turnout | 45,870,931 | 65.1 | ||
Source: Minister of the Interior |
Rewards for nuclear plants
This referendum asked to abolish rewards for local administrations which accepted nuclear, and coal, plants in their territory. Italian voters had to say yes if they wanted to eliminate these payments, or no if they wanted to maintain them. The question had a turnout of 65.1% and a high invalid/blank vote count.
Choice | Votes | % | % of voters | % of registered |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 20,618,624 | 79.7 | 69.0 | 44.9 |
No | 5,247,887 | 20.3 | 17.6 | 11.4 |
Invalid/blank votes | 4,005,059 | – | 13.4 | 8.7 |
Total | 29,871,570 | 100 | 100 | 65.1 |
Registered voters/turnout | 45,870,931 | 65.1 | ||
Source: Minister of the Interior |
ENEL nuclear plants abroad
This referendum asked to abolish the authorization for
Choice | Votes | % | % of voters | % of registered |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 18,795,852 | 71.9 | 62.9 | 41.0 |
No | 7,361,666 | 28.1 | 24.7 | 16.0 |
Invalid/blank votes | 3,698,086 | – | 12.4 | 8.1 |
Total | 29,855,604 | 100 | 100 | 65.1 |
Registered voters/turnout | 45,870,931 | 65.1 | ||
Source: Minister of the Interior |
Justice abrogative referendums
The justice referendums concerned two issues:
- abolishing the law excluding any type of civil responsibility of judges in event of judicial errors;
- abolishing the special by ordinary courts.
Debate about justice was strong in Italy during the 1980s, especially after the case of the unjust arrest of popular
The referendums were called by the
In each referendum "Yes" won. However, if ministers were definitely subjected to ordinary courts, the
Judges' civil responsibility
This referendum asked to abolish the law excluding any responsibility for judicial errors. Italian voters had to say yes if they wanted to abolish judges' exclusion from civil responsibility, or no if they wanted to maintain it. The referendum had a turnout of 65.1%.
Choice | Votes | % |
---|---|---|
Yes | 20,770,334 | 80.2 |
No | 5,126,021 | 19.8 |
Invalid/blank votes | 3,969,894 | – |
Total | 29,866,249 | 100 |
Registered voters/turnout | 45,870,931 | 65.1 |
Source: Minister of the Interior |
Ministers' board of inquiry
This referendum asked to abolish the law excluding ministers from ordinary prosecution. Italian voters had to say yes if they wanted to abolish the parliamentary board which substituted ordinary court in ministerial accusations, or no if they wanted to maintain it. The referendum had a turnout of 65.1%.
Choice | Votes | % |
---|---|---|
Yes | 22,117,634 | 85.0 |
No | 3,890,111 | 15.0 |
Invalid/blank votes | 3,854,925 | – |
Total | 29,862,670 | 100 |
Registered voters/turnout | 45,870,931 | 65.1 |
Source: Minister of the Interior |
See also
- Nuclear power debate
- Referendum in Italy
- Nuclear power in Italy
- Legambiente
- Anti-nuclear movement
References
- ^ Fornaciari, P. (1997). Il petrolio, l'atomo e il metano. Edizioni 21mo secolo.
- ISBN 978-88-452-5954-8.
- ISSN 1520-3972.
- ^ La Repubblica (it.)
External links
- Referenda and Nuclear Power Plants - A Historical Overview at the Greenpeace archive.
- European Nuclear Outlook at the McGraw-Hillonline energy resource site summarizes past referendums.