Italo-Dalmatian languages

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The Italo-Dalmatian languages, or Central Romance languages, are a group of Romance languages spoken in Italy, Corsica (France), and formerly in Dalmatia (Croatia).

Italo-Dalmatian can be split into:^[1]

• Italo-Romance, which includes most central and southern Italian languages.
• Dalmatian Romance, which includes Dalmatian and Istriot.

The generally accepted four branches of the Romance languages are Western Romance, Italo-Dalmatian, Sardinian and Eastern Romance. But there are other ways that the languages of Italo-Dalmatian can be classified in these branches:

• Italo-Dalmatian is sometimes included in Eastern Romance (which includes Romanian), leading to: Western, Sardinian, and Eastern branches.
• Italo-Dalmatian is sometimes included in Western Romance (which includes the Gallic and Iberian languages) as Italo-Western, leading to: Italo-Western, Sardinian, and Eastern branches.
• Italo-Romance is sometimes included in Italo-Western, with Dalmatian Romance included in Eastern Romance, leading to: Italo-Western, Sardinian, and Eastern branches.
• Corsican (from Italo-Dalmatian) and Sardinian are sometimes included together as Southern Romance, or Island Romance, leading to: Western, Italo-Dalmatian, Southern, and Eastern branches.

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Based on the criterion of

• The Dalmatian language was spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia. It became extinct in the 19th century.
• The Istriot language is a language spoken in the southwestern part of Istrian peninsula in Croatia.

The

• Tuscan–Corsican: group of dialects spoken in the Italian region of Tuscany, and the French island of Corsica.
  • Northern Tuscan dialects:
    • Florentine is spoken in the city of Florence, and was the basis for Standard Italian.
    • Other dialects: Pistoiese; Pesciatino or Valdinievolese; Lucchese; Versiliese; Viareggino; Pisano-Livornese.
  • Southern Tuscan dialects:
    • Dialects of Aretino-Chianaiolo, Senese, Grossetano.
  • Corsican, spoken on Corsica, is thought to be descended from Tuscan.^[8]
    • Sassarese
      , spoken on the northern tip of Sardinia, can be considered either dialects of Corsican or Corso-Sardinian transitional varieties.

Central Italian, or Latin–Umbrian–Marchegian and in Italian linguistics as "middle Italian dialects", is mainly spoken in the regions of: Lazio (which includes Rome); Umbria; central Marche; a small part of Abruzzo and Tuscany.

• Romanesco, spoken in the Rome, Lazio. As mentioned above, it is the basis of the accent of the received pronunciation in standard Italian.
• Tuscia or Viterbo: spoken in the Province of Viterbo, Lazio.
• Central-Northern Lazian:^[9] spoken in the southern areas of the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital and the northern areas of the Provinces of Frosinone and Latina Lazio.
• Umbrian: spoken in Umbria.
• Central Marchigiano: spoken in central Marche.
• Sabino: spoken in the city of L'Aquila (Abruzzo) and the Province of Rieti (Lazio).

The "intermediate southern dialect group", is spoken in: southern Marche; southernmost Lazio; Abruzzo; Molise; Campania (including Naples); Basilicata; and the north of both Apulia and Calabria.

• The Campano dialects of Neapolitan, Irpino, Southern Laziale: spoken in Naples and Campania; and southern Lazio.
• Abruzzese–Southern Marchigiano: spoken in the Abruzzo region and southern Marche region.
• Molisan: spoken in the Molise region.
• Basilicatine (Lucanian): spoken in the region of Basilicata, also known as Lucania.
• Pugliese or Apulian: spoken in the centre and north of Apulia.
• Cosentino, also known as or Northern Calabrian:^[10] spoken in the Province of Cosenza, in northern Calabria.
• Vastese, spoken in the town of Vasto.

The Extreme Southern Italian, known in Italian linguistics as the "extreme southern dialect group", is spoken on the island of Sicily; and in the south of both Calabria and Apulia.

• Sicilian, spoken on the island of Sicily: Western Sicilian; Central Metafonetica; Southeast Metafonetica; Ennese; Eastern Nonmetafonetica; Messinese.
  • Sicilian dialects on other islands: Isole Eolie, on the Aeolian Islands; Pantesco, on the island of Pantelleria.
• Calabro,^[10] or Central-Southern Calabrian:^[10] dialects are spoken in the central and southern areas of the region of Calabria.
• Salentino, spoken in the Salento region of southern Apulia.
• Southern Cilentan: spoken in Roccagloriosa and Rofrano in southern tip of Cilento, which is southern Province of Salerno, in the Campania region.
• Cilentan: spoken in Cilento, influenced by both Neapolitan language and Sicilian language.

• Languages of Italy
• Italian language
• Regional Italian