Italy–Poland relations
Italy |
Poland |
---|
Italy–Poland relations are cultural and political relations between
Comparison
Official Name | Republic of Italy | Republic of Poland |
---|---|---|
Common Name | Italy | Poland |
Coat of Arms | ||
Population
|
60,317,116 | 38,383,000 |
Area | 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) | 312,696 km2 (120,733 sq mi) |
Population Density
|
201/km2 (521/sq mi) | 123/km2 (318/sq mi) |
Capital | Rome | Warsaw |
Largest City | Rome – 2,870,021 (4,342,212 Metro) | Warsaw – 1,863,056 (3,100,844 Metro) |
Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic | Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic |
Legislature | Italian Parliament | Parliament of Poland |
Official language | Italian (de facto and de jure) | Polish (de facto and de jure) |
Current Leader | President Sergio Mattarella Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni |
President Andrzej Duda Prime Minister Donald Tusk |
Main religions | 84.4% Christianity, 11.6% No religion, 1.0% Islam, 3.0% Others[1] | 92.9% non-religious , 2.7% unstated, 1.3% other
|
Ethnic groups | 91.3% | 98% Polish, 2% other or unstated [3][4] |
GDP (PPP) | $3,195 trillion, $54,216 per capita | $1,705 trillion, $45,343 per capita |
GDP (nominal) | $2,169 trillion, $36,812 per capita | $748,887 billion, $19,912 per capita |
Expatriate populations | 10,000 Italian citizens live in Poland (2020) | 97,986 Polish citizens live in Italy (2016) |
Military | Italian Armed Forces | Polish Armed Forces |
Military expenditures
|
$32.0 billion | $30.70 billion[5] |
Historical and cultural relations
Middle Ages
Three members of the Polish Piast dynasty were buried in Italian cathedrals. The Saint Andrew Cathedral in Venzone contains the sarcophagus of Duke Bolesław of Bytom, the last duke of the Koźle line of the Piast dynasty, who suddenly died in unknown circumstances during travel in Venzone in 1354.[6] The Pisa Cathedral is the burial site of Władysław of Cieszyn from the Cieszyn line of the Piasts, who suddenly died in Pisa in 1355. The Siena Cathedral contains the tomb of Frederick of Cieszyn from the Cieszyn line of the dynasty, who suddenly died in Italy in 1507.
In 1424–1444, Alexander of Masovia of the Płock line of the Piast dynasty was the Prince-Bishop of Trento.
Troops from Poland and the Italian states of Venice, Genoa and Savoy fought together against the Ottoman invasion of Europe at the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396. The Kingdom of Poland and Papal States were part of a coalition of several European countries in the Crusade of Varna of 1443–1444, which goal was to repel the Ottoman invasion of Europe and liberate the already conquered nations of Southeast Europe.
Renaissance era
Bona Sforza, a member of the powerful Milanese House of Sforza, became in 1518 the second wife of Polish King Sigismund I the Old. Planning to give the Jagiellonian dynasty financial independence, she succeeded in taking over the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1536–1546. She is also commonly credited with the introduction of some salads and vegetables in Polish cuisine (still sometimes called włoszczyzna "Italian").
In 1558 Polish King
Since the Late Middle Ages, both Poland and Venice had fought several wars against the expansionist Ottoman Empire. Following the victory of Polish-led forces at the Battle of Vienna at the beginning of the Great Turkish War of 1683–1699, Poland and Venice were allies as part of the Holy League formed in 1684.
18th century
Bernardo Bellotto, known in Poland and Germany as Canaletto (1697–1768), was a Venetian painter who painted 26 views of Warsaw, which were used in rebuilding the city after its nearly-complete destruction by German troops during World War II. Giacomo Casanova visited Poland in 1766.[9] Later, Alessandro Cagliostro arrived.
19th century
In the
Following Austria's conquests and annexations, parts of Poland and Italy belonged to the Austrian Empire (from 1867 Austria-Hungary). The Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways allowed travel between Kraków and Trieste.
The
Poles were part of the International Legion formed by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860 during the Expedition of the Thousand, which paved the way for the creation of a united Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Its commander was Ludwik Mierosławski. Afterwards, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Ludwik Mierosławski and György Klapka decided in Paris that Italian and Hungarian revolutionaries would help in the event of a Polish uprising.[11] In 1861 with the consent of the Italian government the Polish Military School in Genoa was founded, which trained Polish officers in exile.[12] Moved to Cuneo in May 1862, it was closed in July 1862. The overwhelming majority of officers trained there took part in the Polish January Uprising in the Russian Partition of Poland in 1863–1864.[12]
The Garibaldi Legion was a unit of Italian volunteers who fought for Polish independence in the January Uprising of 1863. The unit was named after the Italian revolutionary and nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi, organised in Italy by his son Menotti Garibaldi and led by General Francesco Nullo. He arrived in Kraków from Italy in April 1863. The unit's first battle in Poland was at Podłęże on May 3, 1863, and it defeated a Russian force. It then took part in the Battle of Krzykawka; with the French, it organised Zouaves of Death and suffered heavy casualties. Nullo was killed and his adjutant was wounded and died several days later. Francesco Nullo is considered a hero of independence in both Italy and Poland.
20th century
During
Italy did not approve of Germany's
The Polish writer Gustaw Herling-Grudziński settled in Naples, where he married Lidia, a daughter of the philosopher Benedetto Croce. He also wrote for the Italian Tempo presente, run by Nicola Chiaromonte, and for various dailies and periodicals. His book A World Apart: Imprisonment in a Soviet Labor Camp During World War II was published in Italy in 1958. The Polish journal Kultura was originally published in Rome. The Polish writer Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz has written several texts about Italy like the book "Italian Novellas", an libretto of King Roger, an opera by Karol Szymanowski.
The Polish–Italian 1946 movie
Polski Fiat was a Polish car brand. Fiat 508 was produced in Poland since 1932, Polski Fiat 125p since 1967 and later Fiat 126 and others. Lancia Ypsilon will be produced in Tychy.[18]
In June to December 1966, Italian and Polish diplomats bore a joint effort to reach a compromise solution to the
In 1978, the Pole
The Italian singers Farida, Drupi, Marco Antonelli, and In-Grid have been popular in Poland, sometimes more than in Italy. The Polish songwriter and singer Czesław Niemen performed in Italy in 1969 and 1970, participated in Cantagiro and produced several singles in Italian like "Arcobaleno" ("Over the Rainbow").
Italy strongly supported Poland's efforts to join NATO and the European Union,[20] which Poland eventually joined in 1999 and 2004, respectively.
21st century
In 2003, both countries supported the
The Day of the Siege: September Eleven 1683 is a Polish–Italian movie directed by Renzo Martinelli about the Battle of Vienna.
Polish soldiers are part of the Allied Joint Force Command Naples based in southern Italy.[21]
In 2019, Italian Deputy Prime Minister
A conference celebrating the centenary of diplomatic relations between Italy and Poland was held in Rome in 2019.[20] The conference was attended by professors and diplomats from both countries, who described Polish-Italian relations as "excellent".[20]
Following the outbreak of the
-
Banner of the 1st Legion of the Polish Legions in Italy
Current foreign relations
- Italy has an embassy in Warsaw, five honorary consulates (in Gdynia, Kraków, Poznań, Szczecin and Wrocław) and three consular correspondents (in Bielsko-Biała, Zamość and Zielona Góra).[29]
- Poland has an embassy in Rome, a general consulate in Milan,[30] and eight honorary consulates (in Ancona, Bologna, Genoa, Naples, Palermo, Trento, Turin, Venice).[31]
- Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, of NATO, of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, of the European Union, and of the World Trade Organization.
- There are around 98.263 Poles living in Italy.
- There are around 5.166 Italians living in Poland.[32]
- There is a Polish Institute in Rome, and there are Italian Cultural Institutes in Warsaw and Kraków.
- Both of the countries' largest religion is Roman Catholicism.
List of Italian Ambassadors in Poland
- Francesco Tommasini (1919–1923)
- Giovanni Cesare Majoni (1923–1929)
- Alberto Martin Franklin (1929–1931)
- Luigi Vannutelli Rey (1931–1932)
- Giuseppe Bastianini (1932–1936)
- Pietro Arone di Valentino (1936–1939)
- Eugenio Reale (1945–1947)
- Ambrogio Donini (1947–1948)
- Giovanni De Astis (1948–1952)
- Giovanni Battista Guarnaschelli (1952–1955)
- Luigi Cortese (1955–1958)
- Pasquale Jannelli (1958–1962)
- Enrico Aillaud (1962–1968)
- Manilo Castronovo (1968–1971)
- Alessandro Tassoni Estense di Castelvecchio (1971–1973)
- Mario Mondello (1974–1976)
- Mario Profili (1976–1978)
- Marco Favale (1978–1983)
- Guglielmo Folchi (1983–1986)
- Paolo Galli (1986–1988)
- Vincenzo Manno (1988–1993)
- Giuseppe Balboni Acqua (1993–1997)
- Luca Daniele Biolato (1997–2001)
- Giancarlo Leo (2001–2006)
- Anna Blefari Melazzi (2006–2008)
- Aldo Mantovani (2008–2011)
- Riccardo Guariglia (2011–2014)
- Alessandro De Pedys (2014–2018)
- Aldo Amati (2018–present)
List of Polish Ambassadors in Italy
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2021) |
- Adam Willmann (1962–1967)
- Wojciech Chabasiński (1967–1971)
- Kazimierz Sidor (1972–1976)
- Stanisław Trepczyński (1977–1981)
- Emil Wojtaszek (1981–1984)
- Józef Wiejacz (1984–1989)
- Bolesław Michałek (1990–1995)
- Maciej Górski (1996–2001)
- Michał Radlicki (2002–2007)
- Jerzy Chmielewski (2008–2010)
- Wojciech Ponikiewski (2010–2015)
- Tomasz Orłowski (2015–2017)
- Konrad Głębocki (2018)
- Anna Maria Anders (2019–present)
See also
- Foreign relations of Italy
- Foreign relations of Poland
- List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy
- List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland
- Poland in the European Union
References
- ^ "Special Eurobarometer 516". European Union: European Commission. September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021 – via European Data Portal (see Volume C: Country/socio-demographics: IT: Question D90.2.).
- ^ "Tuttitalia".
- ISBN 978-83-7027-597-6.
- ISBN 978-83-7027-521-1.
- ^ "Polska planuje gigantyczne wydatki na obronność w 2023 roku". defence24.pl (in Polish). 30 August 2022. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
- ISSN 0037-7511.
- ^ "Montelupi". encyklopedia.interia.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ "Dzień Łącznościowca". Muzeum Poczty i Telekomunikacji we Wrocławiu (in Polish). 18 October 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ "Memoirs, ch. XXI, XXII". Archived from the original on 2010-11-02. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ^ a b Pekacz, Jolanta T. "Poles in European revolutions 1848-1849", Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions. Retrieved on 2 May 2009.
- ^ Zdrada, Jerzy (1963). "Stosunki polsko-węgierskie przed powstaniem styczniowym (1859–1862)". Przegląd Historyczny (in Polish). No. 54/2. p. 299.
- ^ a b "Polska Szkoła Wojskowa". Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ a b Turek, Stanisław (1928). Zarys historji wojennej 12-go Pułku Kresowego Artylerji Polowej (in Polish). Warszawa. p. 3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c "Wsparcie Włoch dla Polski w wojnie polsko bolszewickiej". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ Aniszewska, Jolanta (2019). Nekropolia dwóch wojen światowych (in Polish). Szczecin: IPN. p. 8.
- ^ ISSN 1641-9561.
- ^ "Bodies of Italian 'traitors' unearthed in Poland - The Local". Archived from the original on 2014-12-28.
- ^ New Lancia Ypsilon from Tychy
- ^ Mario Sica, Marigold non fiorì; Florence, 1991
- ^ a b c "Konferencja z okazji stulecia relacji dyplomatycznych Polski i Włoch". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ "Neapol: Polscy żołnierze w Dowództwie Operacyjnym NATO". Wiadomości TVP (in Polish). Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
- ^ "Salvini: Poland and Italy will be part of the new spring of Europe". www.euronews.com. 9 January 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
- ^ "Italy and Poland in talks on anti-EU league". euobserver.com. 7 January 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
- ^ U/K, U/K (January 9, 2019). "Italy's Salvini seeks to build new European order with Poles". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2019-01-09.
- ^ "Warsaw: Presidential Palace illuminated with tricolour flag". Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ Mateusz Kozanecki (19 March 2020). "Koronawirus. Polacy solidaryzują się z Włochami. Wyjątkowa iluminacja na PGE Narodowym". WP Sportowe Fakty (in Polish). Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ "Polish support for Italian doctors". Gov.pl website. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ "Sieć konsularna". Ambasciata d'Italia Varsavia (in Polish). Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ Poland embassy in Rome Archived 2009-02-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Konsulaty honorowe". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ http://ucs.interno.gov.it/FILES/AllegatiPag/1263/INT00041_Anagrafe_Italiani_estero_AIRE_ed_2017.pdf [bare URL PDF]
External links
- (in Italian and Polish) Italian Embassy in Warsaw, History of Italian-Polish relations
- Economical cooperation