Ivan Fedko

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Ivan Feds
Maritime Group of Forces Kiev Military District
Battles/wars	World War I Russian Civil War Battle of Kiev
Signature

Ivan Fyodorovich Fedko (

During the Great Purge, he was arrested on July 7, 1938, charged with participating in a "fascist military conspiracy in the Red Army", and executed the following year. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he was rehabilitated in 1956.^[1]

Early years

Ivan Fyodorovich Fedko was born in the village of Khmeliv [uk], Romensky Uyezd, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire (now the Romensky district of the Sumy Oblast of Ukraine) into a Ukrainian peasant family. He was baptized in the Eastern Orthodox faith, but later became an atheist.

In the autumn of 1904, the Fedko family, with their 7-year-old son Ivan, moved to Bessarabia. The family often changed their place of residence - they lived in Bălți, in Soroca, in Comrat, where Ivan graduated from elementary school, then they lived in Chișinău, and from 1915 in Bendery. In Chișinău, Fedko, after studying for four years at the Alexander Vocational School (on Izmailovskaya Street), graduated with honors in May 1915, then went to work as a cabinetmaker at a local furniture factory.

Army service

In the autumn of 1915, Fedko entered the

After one year of service in the lower ranks, in February 1917, Fedko was sent to study at the 4th Kyiv school for the training of infantry ensigns. After successfully completing a four-month school course, on June 24, 1917, he was promoted to the rank of ensign. He later served in the Ukrainized battalion of the 35th reserve infantry regiment in Feodosia, as a junior company officer, commanding a platoon.

Civil War and subsequent career

In June 1917, he joined the Bolshevik Party. From August to November 1917, he was an elected battalion commander of the 35th Reserve Infantry Regiment. At the same time, he organized a revolutionary committee in Feodosia and, in January 1918, a detachment of the Red Guard, later deployed to the 1st Black Sea Revolutionary Regiment. An active participant in the establishment of Soviet power in Feodosia and in the Crimea, he was involved in the "red" terror in Feodosia in 1918. On March 1, 1918, Fedko was demobilized from the "old" Russian (former imperial) army.

In March 1918, the Fedko regiment (then the 1st Black Sea detachment) raided

Later, Fedko fought in the North Caucasus. From May to July 1918, he commanded the third and first columns of the troops of the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic, especially distinguishing himself during the defense of Tikhoretsk from the troops of General Anton Denikin, where he received seven wounds. After recovering, he commanded the first column of the Belorechensky combat area. From October 27 to November 1918, he served as the appointed Acting Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Forces of the North Caucasus. From November 1918 to February 1919, he was assistant commander of the 11th Army of the Red Army.

In 1919, Fedko became a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the

In 1920, he commanded troops of the 13th Army and the 46th Infantry Division. He was awarded a second Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR for his leadership of the division and courage shown in the battles with the white army of Baron Wrangel in Northern Tavria. In November 1920 - April 1921 in Feodosia, a special department of the 46th rifle division of the Red Army, commanded by Fedko, participated in the mass executions of captured White Guards.

In 1921, Fedko participated in the suppression of the anti-Soviet uprising in Kronstadt, commanding the 187th cadet rifle brigade, for which he was awarded the third Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR. After that, in May 1921, Fedko participated in the suppression of a peasant uprising in the Tambov province, being appointed commander of the 1st combat sector. He was awarded the fourth Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR For distinction in suppressing the Tambov uprising in 1924.

Soviet career

In 1922, he became commander of the 18th Yaroslavl Rifle Division. In April 1924, he was transferred to commander of the 13th Rifle Corps, which participated in suppressing the Basmachi movement in Central Asia. From November 1925, Fedko was the commander of the 2nd Rifle Corps.

In February 1927, he was appointed Chief of Staff of the North Caucasian Military District, then became Assistant Commander of the Leningrad Military District in October 1928. In February 1931 he became Commander of the Caucasian Red Banner Army then in March 1932 the Commander of the Volga Military District.

On October 17, 1933, he was appointed assistant commander of the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army ("OKVDA") under Vasily Blyukher. On June 20, 1934, he replaced Vitovt Putna as commander of the Primorsky Group of the OKVDA.

From May 1937 to January 1938, he was Commander of the Kyiv Military District. From January 1938 he was the First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. At the same time, since March 1938, he was a member of the Main Military Council of the Red Army.

In 1937, he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st convocation, and at its 1st session in January 1938 - a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In February 1938 he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the jubilee medal "20 Years of the Red Army".

Arrest and execution

Investigators of the Special Department of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR began to collect accusations against Fedko as early as 1937. In April 1938, in the presence of Joseph Stalin, Fedko confronted the arrested Innokenty Khalepsky, Semyon Uritsky and Ivan Belov and categorically denied all the accusations against him. On May 1, 1938, Fedko sent a letter to Stalin in which he continued to insist on his innocence. When he received no answer, he sent another similar letter on June 30.

Fedko was arrested on July 7, 1938. He was immediately subjected to torture and on July 10 "confessed" that, in 1932, he was recruited to join a "military fascist conspiracy" by Ivan Belov. In his statement after the arrest, Fedko wrote about his interrogator N. N. Fedorov: "The investigator told me: I don’t know whether you are an enemy or not, but you will give evidence." As a result of this investigation, Fedko denounced Kirill Meretskov, A. I. Zhiltsov, and several other people. Fedorov himself was arrested in the autumn of 1938, convicted and shot in February 1940 as an accomplice of Nikolai Yezhov and Mikhail Frinovsky and declared unrehabilitated in 2013.

Fedko was included in the list prepared by Lavrentiy Beria and Andrey Vyshinsky dated February 15, 1939 slated for execution. On February 26, 1939, he was sentenced to death by the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR and shot on the same day. The burial place is the "grave of unclaimed ashes" No. 1 of the crematorium of the Donskoy cemetery.

Legacy

After the death of Stalin, he was rehabilitated posthumously by the decision of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR of May 26, 1956. Monuments to Fedko were erected in Khmeliv (1964), Sumy (1967), and Romny (1977) (now dismantled). Streets in Yevpatoria, Feodosia, Donetsk and Sevastopol are named after him. A tanker produced by JSC "Kherson Shipbuilding Plant" was named "Comandarm Fedko".

In 2015, after the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On the Condemnation of the Communist and National Socialist (Nazi) Totalitarian Regimes in Ukraine and the Prohibition of Propaganda of Their Symbolism", the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance included the name of Ivan Fedko in the list of persons whose activities are subject to the laws on decommunization.

Honours and awards

	Order of Lenin
	Four Orders of the Red Banner
	Jubilee Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"
	Order of the Red Banner of Labor of Tajikistan

References