Ivan I of Moscow
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2023) |
| Ivan I | ||
|---|---|---|
Consort 1.Elena | Aleksandra; 2.Ulyana | |
| Issue more... | Simeon Ivanovich Ivan Ivanovich | |
| House | Rurik | |
| Father | Daniel of Moscow | |
| Mother | Maria | |
| Religion | Russian Orthodox Church | |
Ivan I Danilovich Kalita (Russian: Иван I Данилович Калита; 1 November 1288 – 31 March 1340 or 1341)[1] was Prince of Moscow from 1325 to at least 1340,[2] and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1332 until at least 1340.[3]
Biography
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Ivan was the son of the Prince of Moscow
After the death of his elder brother
According to the Imperial Russian historian
According to Baumer,
Ivan Kalita intentionally pursued the policy of relocation of people to his principality by an invitation of people from other places and by purchase of Russian people captured by
Ivan made Moscow very wealthy by maintaining his loyalty to the Horde (hence, the nickname Kalita, or the
Following a Lithuanian raid on the town of Torzhok in 1335 (as part of the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars), Ivan retaliated by burning the towns of Osechen and Riasna.[6]
Ivan died in Moscow, 31 March 1340 or 1341.[1] He was buried 1 April in the Church of the Archangel Michael.[1] Ivan had built the church and was also the first person to be buried there.[7]
Family
Ivan Kalita was married twice. His first wife was called Elena, and nothing is known exactly about her origin. There is a hypothesis that she was the daughter of the prince of Smolensk, Alexander Glebovich.[8]
From marriage were born:
- Grand Duke of Moscow;
- Daniel Ivanovich (11 December 1319/20–1328);
- Fefinia Ivanovna (died young);
- Maria Ivanovna (died 2 June 1365), married to Prince Konstantin of Rostov in 1328.;
- Grand Duke of Moscow;
- Andrei Ivanovich (4 August 1327 – 6 June 1353), Prince of Novgorod;
- Evdokia Ivanovna (1314 – 1342), married to Vasili Mikhailovich, Rurikids;
- Feodosia Ivanovna (died 1389), married to Fyodor Romanovich, Prince of Belozersky .
Princess Elena died on 1 March, 1331. A year later, Ivan married again, although only the given name of his second wife is known - Ulyana . There is a hypothesis that she was a daughter of Fyodor Davydovich Galitsky, who received half of her father's principality as a dowry. According to A. V. Eksemplyarsky, this second marriage produced one daughter; while V.A. Kuchkin suggested there were two daughters: Maria and Theodosia, who appear in the prince's will as "young children". One of them was alive in 1359; nothing more is known about the other. Ulyana survived her husband and died between 1366 and 1372.[citation needed]
Legacy
Under Ivan Kalita, Moscow was actively growing, and his residence on the Borovitsky hill became the main part of the city. Erection of either wooden or white-stone constructions was started in the Kremlin. A number of churches were built: in 1326–1327 the Assumption Cathedral, in 1329 the Church of Ivan of the Ladder (John Climacus), in 1330 the Cathedral of the Saviour on the Bor (Forest), and in 1333 the Cathedral of Archangel Michael, where Ivan Kalita and his descendants were buried. Between 1339 and 1340, Ivan Kalita erected a new, bigger oaken fortress on the Borovitsky hill.[citation needed]
In Ivan's will "the golden cap" was mentioned for the first time; this cap is identified with the well-known Monomakh's crown, the main crown of Russian sovereigns.[citation needed]
In an oration written in the 1470s (about 135 years after his death) praising the life of Ivan I's grandson
See also
References
- ^ a b c Basil Dmytryshyn, Medieval Russia:A source book, 850-1700, (Academic International Press, 2000), 194.
- ISBN 978-1-101-91237-9.
- ^ Basil Dmytryshyn, Medieval Russia:A source book, 850-1700, 190.
- ^ Christoph Baumer, History of Central Asia, 2016, v3, p268
- ^ Basil Dmytryshyn, Medieval Russia:A source book, 850-1700, 195.
- ^ S. C. Rowell, Lithuania Ascending:A Pagan Empire within East Central Europe, 1295-1345, (Cambridge University Press, 1994), 250.
- ^ Cherniavsky, M. (1975). Ivan the terrible and the iconography of the kremlin cathedral of archangel michael. Russian History, 2(1), 3-28. doi:10.1163/187633175X00018
- ^ Averyanov K. Principality of Moscow under Ivan Kalita (Accession of Koloman. Acquisition of Mozhaisk). - M., p. 36, 1994.
- ^ Plokhy 2006, p. 136.
- ^ Plokhy 2006, p. 136–138.
Sources
- V. O. Kluchevsky. The course of Russian history. Lecture #21
- Janet Martin, Medieval Russia 980–1584
- ISBN 978-0-521-86403-9.
External links
- Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). pp. 87–91.
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