Ivan Mane Jarnović
Ivan Mane Jarnović | |
---|---|
Born | 26 October 1747 |
Died | 23 November 1804 St Petersburg, Russia | (aged 57)
Genres | Classical |
Occupation(s) | Composer, violinist |
Years active | 1770–1804 |
Ivan Mane Jarnović (
Jarnović was reputedly born at sea en route from
Biographical gaps
Whole periods of his life - his youth and other interludes - remain unaccounted for, while details as to his origins and identity have proven to be elusive. There are plausible arguments to suggest that his family was from Croatia, possibly from the Karlovac-Delnice region.[5] Highlighting a further riddle concerning his identity, Schneider and Tuksar both point out that Jarnovic's (or Giornovichi's) first names, Giovanni Mane, do not appear in any literature about him until 36 years after his death, namely in Schilling's Enzyclopadie of 1840. These names become the form most usually cited in encyclopaedic and biographical works from then onwards, often rendered today in their Croatian form as Ivan Mane Jarnović. It is "quite incredible," Tuksar has remarked, "that one of the leading musicians of 18th century Europe could have lived for 64 years without his name and surname ever being given anywhere, not even in his printed works, in their full and proper form." Besides Jarnović, several variations in the rendition of his surname also occur: Jarnowick, Jarnovick, Jarnovichi, Jarnowicz, Garnovik, Giarnovicki, Giernovichi, Giornivichi. It seems likely that shifts in the spelling and pronunciation of his name occurred according to the country in which he was living or performing or publishing his works at any given time.
At least one source does exist which indicates his first and last names, namely a register entry recording the baptism of Jarnović's daughter Sophia, in London, in 1795. The same document throws light on yet another area of uncertainty - that of Jarnović's family. Whereas little was previously known of the fate of his daughters "Mimi" and "Sofie", something of their lives and subsequent history is now on record.[6]
Debut in Paris, 1773
Jarnović made a "sensational" debut in Paris, at a
Positions held in Prussia and Russia and extensive travels across Europe
In addition to other appointments, he appeared from 1779 to 1783 in the service of the Crown Prince
Towards the end of 1802 he travelled to St Petersburg where he lived the two remaining years of his life.
Works
Jarnović composed about 50 chamber instrumental pieces, 22 violin concertos (17 preserved), and is known for having introduced the romanza as a slow movement into the structure of the violin concerto.
The violin concertos and other works have been studied in detail by Vjera Katalinić.[10]
The hymn-tune ST ASAPH is attributed to Jarnović, usually under the surname Giornivichi.[11] It was published in Robert Smith's Sacred Music in Edinburgh in 1825, and may be an arrangement of a work of Jarnović made at that time.[12]
Pupils and influence
While in England, one of Jarnović’s several pupils was the young Mulatto prodigy
Jarnović’s influence in terms of musical forms and performance is discussed by Katalinić[13] and Milligan.[14]
Fictional depictions of his life
Jarnović's life is fancifully described in a novel, Jarnović by G. Desnoisterres (pub. le Brisoys, Paris 1844), and in a collection Scènes de la vie d'artiste by P. Smith ("Une leçon de Jarnović" - pub. Paris, 1844).
Bicentennial in St Petersburg
A bicentennial seminar and concert in honour of Jarnović was convened and hosted by the St Petersburg Union of Composers on 23–24 November 2004. Participants included Professor Vladimir Gurevich and other local musicologists and performers, together with Jarnović specialists Vjera Katalinić[15] and Stanislav Tuksar from Zagreb, and by a descendant of one of Jarnović's daughters who travelled from Kimberley in South Africa.[16]
See also
- List of notable Ragusans
References
- ^ Katalinić, Vjera. 2006. Violonski koncerti Ivana Jarnovića: Glazbeni aspekt i drustveni kontekst njihova uspjeha u 18. stoljeću. Zagreb: Hrvatsko Muzikolosko Drustvo
- ^ Katalinić, Vjera. 2006. Violonski koncerti Ivana Jarnovića: Glazbeni aspekt i drustveni kontekst njihova uspjeha u 18. stoljeću. Zagreb: Hrvatsko Muzikolosko Drustvo
- ^ Katalinić, Vjera. 2006. Violonski koncerti Ivana Jarnovića: Glazbeni aspekt i drustveni kontekst njihova uspjeha u 18. stoljeću. Zagreb: Hrvatsko Muzikolosko Drustvo
- ^ Tuksar, S. 1980. The question of Jarnović's identity: archive work in progress. In Tuksar, S. (ed) Ivan Mane Jarnović: a Croatian composer II. Zagreb, 1980, pp. 119-130
- ^ Tuksar, S. 1980. The question of Jarnović's identity: archive work in progress. In Tuksar, S. (ed) Ivan Mane Jarnović: a Croatian composer II. Zagreb, 1980, pp. 119-130
- ^ Morris, D. 2004. The daughters of Jarnović: a preliminary note. Arti Musices (Zagreb) 35:31-45.
- ^ Details and contemporary citations in Nunamaker, Norman Kirt. 1968. The virtuoso violin concerto before Paganini: the concertos of Lolli, Giornovichi and Woldemar. PhD thesis, Indiana University.
- ^ Cited by Nunamaker, Norman Kirt. 1968. The virtuoso violin concerto before Paganini: the concertos of Lolli, Giornovichi and Woldemar. PhD thesis, Indiana University
- ^ Milligan, Thomas B. 1983. The concerto and London's musical culture in the late eighteenth century. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press
- ^ Katalinić, Vjera. 2006. Violonski koncerti Ivana Jarnovića: Glazbeni aspekt i drustveni kontekst njihova uspjeha u 18. stoljeću. Zagreb: Hrvatsko Muzikolosko Drustvo
- ^ "Tune: ST. ASAPH (Giornovichi)". Hymnary.org. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ^ Smith, Robert Archibald (1825). Sacred Music, consisting of the Tunes, Sanctusses, Doxologies, Thanksgivings,&c., sung in St. George's Church, Edinburgh. Edited by R. A. Smith. R. Purdie.
- ^ Katalinić, Vjera. 2006. Violonski koncerti Ivana Jarnovića: Glazbeni aspekt i drustveni kontekst njihova uspjeha u 18. stoljeću. Zagreb: Hrvatsko Muzikolosko Drustvo
- ^ Milligan, Thomas B. 1983. The concerto and London's musical culture in the late eighteenth century. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press
- ^ Katalinić, Vjera. 2006. Violonski koncerti Ivana Jarnovića: Glazbeni aspekt i drustveni kontekst njihova uspjeha u 18. stoljeću. Zagreb: Hrvatsko Muzikološko Društvo
- ^ Ivan Jarnović/Giornovichi Bicentenary - Account of a journey to St Petersburg, November 2004