Ivan Puluj
Ivan Puluj | |
|---|---|
X rays | |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physicist |
| Institutions | Imperial-Royal German Technical University in Prague |
| Doctoral advisor | August Kundt |
Ivan Puluj (son of Pavlo Puluj and Xenia née Burshtynska
inventor, who has been championed as an early developer of the use of X-rays for medical imaging
. His contributions were largely neglected until the end of the 20th century.
Biography
Ivan Puluj graduated with honors from Theological Faculty of the
Fiume (Rijeka, Croatia) (1874–1876), University of Vienna (1874–1884) and the Imperial-Royal German Technical University in Prague (1884–1916). He served as the rector of the Imperial-Royal German Technical University (German: Kaiserlich-Königlich Deutsche technische Hochschule) in 1888–1889.[1] Puluj also worked as a state adviser on electrical engineering for Bohemian and Moravian
local governments.
In addition, he completed a translation of the Bible into the Ukrainian language.[2][3]
Personal life
4 October 1884, he married Kateřina née Stožicky (1863–1945) in Vienna.[4][5] They had six children: Natalia (wife of the composer Vasyl Barvinsky), Olga, Maria Xenia Margareta (died in Vienna in 1974), Alexander Hans (1901–1984), Pavlo (died in 1986) and Georg (1906–1987).[6]
Scientific contribution
scientific paper, Luminous Electrical Matter and the Fourth State of Matter in the Notes of the Austrian Imperial Academy of Sciences (1880–1883), but expressed his ideas in an obscure manner using obsolete terminology. Puluj did gain some recognition when the work was translated and published as a book by the Royal Society in the UK.[8]
While Puluj's finding were essentially X-rays, he reported his results 6 weeks after
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen published his,[9]
and can not be credited with the discovery of X-rays.
Puluj made many other discoveries as well. He is particularly noted[power plants in Austria-Hungary.[10]
Quotes about Puluj
- "World history has never been just to certain individuals or certain nations. Small nations and their achievements are often neglected, while the accomplishments of large nations are at times exaggerated."
- Slavko Bokshan, a Serbian scientist who worked in the same department as Puluj and Röntgen
Honours
- Ukraine's Ternopil Ivan Pul'uj National Technical University is named after him.
- A stamp published on the occasion of Puluj's 150th Birth Anniversary in 1995.[9]
- Streets in Kyiv, Lviv and other Ukrainian cities have the name of Ivan Puluj.
- On 14 May 2021, asteroid Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature in his memory.[11]
Postal stamp
. 150 years born Ivan Puluj, 1995Pulyui's publications and first images (1895)
- Strahlende Elektrodenmaterie //Wiener Berichte I. – 1880. – 81. – pp. 864–923; II. – 1881. – 83. – pp. 402–420; III. 1881. – 83. – pp. 693–708; IV. – 1882. – 85. – pp. 871–881.
- Strahlende Elektrodenmaterie und der sogenannte vierte Aggregatzustand' – Wien; Verlag Carl Gerold Sohn, 1883.
- Radiant Elektrode Matter and the so Called Fourth State. -London: Physical Memoirs, 1889. – Vol. l, Pt.2. – pp. 233–331.
- Über die Entstehung der Röntgenstrahlen und ihre photographische Wirkung// Wiener Berichte II Abt. 1896. – 105. – pp. 228–238.
Select works
- Puluj, H. J. (1875). On a lecture-room apparatus for the determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat. Taylor and Francis.
- Puluj, J., Pulyui, I., Пулюй, И. П., & Пулюй, І. П. (1876). Über die Abhängigkeit der Reibung der Gase von der Temperatur. (About the dependence of the friction of the gases on the temperature).
- Puluj, J. (1876). Ueber einen Schulapparat zur Bestimmung des mechanischen Wärmeaequivalentes. Annalen der Physik. 233(3): 437–446. (Over a school apparatus for determining the mechanical Wärmeaequivalentes).
- Puluj, J. (1876). Beitrag zur Bestimmung des mechanischen Wärmeaequivalentes. Annalen der Physik. 233(4): 649–656. (Contribution to the determination of the mechanical Wärmeaequivalentes).
- Puluj, J. (1877). Ueber die Abhängigkeit der Reibung der Gase von der Temperatur. Annalen der Physik. 237(6): 296–310.
- Puluj, J. (1877). On the diffusion of vapours through clay cells. Taylor and Francis.
- Puluj, J. (1878). On the friction of vapours. Taylor and Francis.
- Puluj, J. (1879). On the radiometer. Taylor and Francis.
- Crookes, W., & Puluj, J. (1880). Annalen der Physik. Phil. Trans. 1: 152–3879. (Annals of Physics).
- Puluj, J., & Glaser, G. (1880). The Fourth State of Matter. A Refutation. Science. 58–59.
- Puluj, J. (1880). Strahlende Elektrodenmaterie. ©Akademie d. Wissenschaften Wien, 864–923. http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/SBAWW_81_2_0864-0923.pdf
- Puluj, J. (1883). Strahlende Elektroden-Materie und der sogenannte vierte Aggregatzustand. (Radiant electrode material and the so-called fourth state).
- Puluj, J. (1887). Objective Darstellung der wahren Gestalt einer schwingenden Saite. Annalen der Physik: 267(8): 1033–1035. (Objective presentation of the true form of a vibrating string).
- Puluj, J. (1888). Apparatus for illustrating the fall of bodies in a vacuum. Taylor and Francis.
- Puluj, J. (1888). Fallapparat. Annalen der Physik. 269(3): 575–576.
- Puluj, J. (1890). On a telethermometer. Taylor and Francis.
- Puluj, H. (1895). On Kathode Rays. Proceedings of the Physical Society of London. 14(1): 178.
Support of Ukrainian culture
Puluj is also known for his contribution in promoting
Gospels and Psalter into Ukrainian.[citation needed] Being a professor, Puluj organized scholarships for Ukrainian students in Austria-Hungary
.
The World Association of Roentgenologists was created in 2018 in Lviv city in honor of Ivan Puluj.
References
- ^ Die K.K. Deutsche technische Hochschule in Prag, 1806–1906 (in German). Prague. 1906.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Ivan Pul'uj Archived 8 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. TNTU.edu.ua. Retrieved on 8 May 2014.
- ^ Комментарии. Risu.org.ua. Retrieved on 8 May 2014. Archived 19 September 2012 at archive.today
- ^ "Death certificate of Ivan Puluj" (in Czech). 31 January 1918. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
- ^ Emilie Těšínská. "Johann Puluj (1845–1918): his career and the "invisible cathode rays"". IUCr Newsletter ((2020) Volume 28, Number 2).
- ^ Юрiй Головач, Роман Пляцко, Галина Сварник (2020). Петер Пулюй i архiв Iвана Пулюя (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Львів: Нацiональна академiя наук України. p. 4.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Puluj-Röhre, 1870. uibk.ac.at
- ^ Kulynyak, Danylo (9 July 2000). "Ivan Pului, the discoverer of X-rays". Ukrainian Weekly. 68 (23). Parsippany, NJ: Ukrainian National Association, Inc: 6.
- ^ PMID 9212769. Archived from the originalon 28 May 2008. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
- Czech Technical University(2005, No 2, p. 39-40) mentions details and problems Puljui met during the construction of early power plants in the Czech lands.
- ^ "WGSBN Bulletin Archive". Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature. 14 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021. (Bulletin #1)
Literature
- R. Gajda, R. Plazko: Johann Puluj: Rätsel des universalen Talents. EuroWelt-Verlag, Lwiw 2001, ISBN 966-7343-04-9
- S. Nahorniak, M. Medyukh: Physical-technical ideas of Ivan Pul'uj. Dschura, Ternopil 1999, ISBN 966-7497-34-8
- Юрiй Головач, Роман Пляцко, Галина Сварник (2020). Петер Пулюй i архiв Iвана Пулюя (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Львів: Нацiональна академiя наук України.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ivan Pulyui.
- Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University
- The Discovery or X-Rays
- Puluj-Roehrer lamp
- The Cathode Ray Tube site
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