Izmail
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Izmail
Ізмаїл | |
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UTC+3 (EEST) | |
Postal code | 68600-68633 |
Area code | +380 4841 |
Climate | Cfa |
Website | izmail-rada |
Izmail (
In Russian historiography, Izmail is associated with the 18th century storming of the Ottoman fortress of Izmail by Russian general Alexander Suvorov. It was the capital of Izmail Oblast, but it is no longer, as Izmail Oblast joined Odesa Oblast in 1954.
It is the largest Ukrainian
History
The fortress of Izmail, then known as Licovrissi, was built by
From the end of the 14th century, Izmail was under the rule of Moldavia. In 1484, the Ottoman state conquered the territory, which became from that moment an Ottoman protectorate (under direct rule from 1538). Since the early 16th century it was the main Ottoman fortress in the Budjak region. In 1569 Sultan Selim II settled Izmail with his Nogai subjects, originally from the North Caucasus.
After
Suvorov "announced the capture of Ismail in 1791 to the Tsarina Catherine in a doggerel couplet, after the assault had been pressed from house to house, room to room, and nearly every Muslim man, woman and child in the city had been killed in three days of uncontrolled massacre, 40,000 Turks dead, a few hundred taken into captivity. For all his bluffness, Suvorov later told an English traveler that when the massacre was over he went back to his tent and wept."[4]
At the end of the war, Izmail was returned to the Ottoman Empire, but Russian forces took it for the third time on 14 September 1809. After it was ceded to Russia with the rest of Bessarabia by the 1812 Treaty of Bucharest, the town was rebuilt thoroughly. The Intercession Cathedral (1822–36), the churches of Nativity (1823), St. Nicholas (1833) and several others date back to that time. Izmail's oldest building is the small Turkish mosque, erected either in the 15th or 16th centuries, converted into a church in 1810[5] and currently housing a museum dedicated to the 1790 storm of Izmail.
After Russia lost the
In 1940, and again during
Until 18 July 2020, Izmail was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Izmail Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven, the city of Izmail was merged into Izmail Raion.[6][7]
The monument to Alexander Suvorov in Izmail's city centre was placed in temporary storage on 12 November 2022, until city deputies decide where it will be kept permanently.[8]
Geography
Climate
Under the
Climate data for Izmail (1991–2020, extremes 1886–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
31.2 (88.2) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.7 (98.1) |
40.7 (105.3) |
39.1 (102.4) |
35.9 (96.6) |
32.2 (90.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
19.9 (67.8) |
40.7 (105.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
27.3 (81.1) |
29.9 (85.8) |
30.0 (86.0) |
24.2 (75.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
10.6 (51.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
11.2 (52.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.3 (73.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.0 (53.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
1.1 (34.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.7 (25.3) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
17.5 (63.5) |
17.1 (62.8) |
12.3 (54.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
6.8 (44.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −25.4 (−13.7) |
−24.1 (−11.4) |
−18.3 (−0.9) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−17.6 (0.3) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
−25.4 (−13.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 28.6 (1.13) |
28.4 (1.12) |
33.3 (1.31) |
33.2 (1.31) |
39.5 (1.56) |
59.3 (2.33) |
44.0 (1.73) |
34.4 (1.35) |
40.9 (1.61) |
31.5 (1.24) |
34.9 (1.37) |
36.2 (1.43) |
444.2 (17.49) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 64.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
81.1 | 73.5 | 70.8 | 67.2 | 61.7 | 60.9 | 58.9 | 60.7 | 70.5 | 74.1 | 81.7 | 79.1 | 70.0 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 83.2 | 107.2 | 151.6 | 199.5 | 283.4 | 298.6 | 324.5 | 299.3 | 230.4 | 174.2 | 94.8 | 77.4 | 2,324.1 |
Source 1: Pogoda.ru[9] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (precipitation, humidity, and sun 1981–2010)[10] |
Demographics
Before 1920, the population of Izmail was estimated at 37,000. During that time, approximately 11,000 of the population were
The national composition (2001): Russians - 43.7% (33,600), Ukrainians - 38.0% (29,200), Bulgarians - 10.0% (7,700) and Romanians - 4.3% (3,300).[12] In 2010, the population was 75,300.[14] The population also consists of many other nationalities: Gagauz, Greeks, Jews, Armenians, etc. - 75 nationalities in total.
Notable people
- Ioan Chirilă, Romanian writer and sports journalist
- Galina Chistyakova, Soviet, Russian, and later Slovakian athlete, winner of the long jump bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics
- Leonid Dimov (1926–1987), Romanian poet
- Olena Hovorova, Ukrainian athlete, winner of the triple jump bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics
- hanging mercury drop electrode(HMDE)
- Ruslan Maynov, Bulgarian actor and musician
- Gavril Musicescu, Romanian composer
- Serghei Nicolau (1905–1999), Russian-Romanian communist espionage chief and a Securitate general
- Sergiu Sarchizov, Romanian composer and conductor
- anarchist, assassin of Symon Petliura
- Ivan Shishman, Bulgarian artist
- Vadim Yuryevich Tsarev – Russian philosopher, publicist, author of television films, Member of the Union of writers of Russia
- Artur Văitoianu, Romanian general, Army commander during World War I; Prime Minister
Gallery
-
Immaculate Conception church in Izmail
-
Old lycaeum building
-
Old-believers St. Nicholas church
-
Old dwelling house
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Tulchianov House
-
Old hospital
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Sailors' inn
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Old city hall building
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Eparchial office building
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Old trade gallery
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Shevchenko palace of culture
Notes
- ^ Українські та нідерландські вчені вивчатимуть ранню історію Ізмаїла на півдні Одещини
- ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ "Измаильская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ISBN 0-8050-6342-0
- ^ Весніна, Олена (15 June 2018). ""Измаил для нас всегда был и будет священным местом": Генконсул Греции в Одессе посетила столицу Придунавья". Бессарабия ИНФОРМ (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 18 July 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
- ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
- Ukrayinska Pravda(in Ukrainian). 12 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ Погода и Климат – Климат Измаил [Weather and Climate – The Climate of Izmail] (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ Kaba, John (1919). Politico-economic Review of Basarabia. United States: American Relief Administration. p. 16.
- ^ a b "О городе. История Измаила. Краткая информация о Измаиле. - Интернет Портал города Измаил". izmail-city.org (in Russian). Retrieved 7 November 2017.
- ^ Государственный комитет статистики Украины. Сборник: Численность наличного населения Украины на 1 января 2011. Киев 2011. Ответственная за выпуск Тимошенко Г. В. (doc) Archived 2012-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Изменение численности населения по Измаилу за январь-июнь 2010 года. По материалам Управления статистики в Измаильском районе.
External links
- Izmail travel guide from Wikivoyage