Izium
Izium
Ізюм Izyum | ||
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Licence plate АХ, КХ | | |
Website | city-izyum | |
Izium or Izyum
Izium has a population of 44,979 (2022 estimate),[5] making it the second-most populous city in Kharkiv Oblast behind Kharkiv proper. It has held economic significance for centuries due to its position as a transportation link between Kharkiv and the Donbas region to the southeast.
The area around Izium has been periodically inhabited since ancient times, but the modern city has its origins in a 17th-century fortress defending against
History
Pre-founding
The area that is now Izium has been inhabited since ancient times. Archeologists have discovered remnants of Mesolithic settlements from the 13th- to 6th-century BC, and Neolithic settlements from the fifth- to third-century BC. These finds include ceramic implements and flint tools.[6][7] The "Bondarisi" archeological tract near Izium gives its name to the Bondarikha culture.[6]
The territory was later part of the ancient
Founding and early history
Settlement of the region by Slavs did not resume until the late 15th century, after the creation of a new centralized East Slavic state in the form of the Principality of Moscow, more intensified settlement took place on the banks of the Donets river. As the Principality of Moscow evolved into the Tsardom of Russia, there was an effort to secure the southern border of the East Slavic lands, to stop the "devastating" attacks by the Crimean Tatars.[6] The Izium Trail, one of the branches of the Muravsky Trail, was a warpath of the Crimeans in the area in the 16th and 17th centuries before the official founding of the city, passing near the future location of Izium.[9]
In response, Muscovy built fortifications in the
The origin of the name "Izium" is uncertain. It may originate from a
Izium grew to be an important defense against Tatar invasions of the region. In 1684, Izium's Transfiguration Cathedral was built. Starting in 1685, Izium served as the seat of the
Residents of Izium took part in the
Russian Empire
In 1765, after the Izium Regiment was converted into a regular Russian
In 1809, construction began on Saint Nicholas's church in Izium. Construction was finished in 1823, and today the church is one of Izium's most notable architectural features. In 1835, Izyumsky Uyezd was transferred again, this time to Kharkov Governorate.[14]
By the 18th and 19th centuries, Izium was considered one of the largest economic centers in the Sloboda Ukraine region. By the 1880s, factories producing bricks, vodka, butter, lard, and wax operated in Izium.[15] By 1884, the city's main exports were wool, sold to Kharkiv and Poltava, and building materials sold to Taganrog. It had a population of 14,761 people.[16]
In 1910, the Kharkiv-Donbas railway that passed through the city was built.[15] In 1916, in accordance with an edict by Tsar Nicholas II, the construction of an optical glass plant began in Izium.[8] This was the first optical glass plant to be built in the Russian Empire.[17]
20th century and early 21st century
Izium changed hands several times during the
Izium suffered under the repressions of Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin. As a result of the Holodomor, a manmade famine in Soviet Ukraine between 1932 and 1933, 2,761 people from Izium are documented to have died.[8]
During
Izium's population grew rapidly in the 20th century due to its importance as a junction between Kharkiv and the Donbas.[14] In January 1989 the population was 64,334 people, up from 12,000 in 1926.[24][25]
During the
Russo-Ukrainian War
War in Donbas and decommunization
Izium was the site of sporadic fighting during the beginning of the
On 30 September 2014, a monument to Vladimir Lenin in Izium was destroyed by unknown persons. This came as part of a larger trend of demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine.[30] To comply with nationwide decommunization laws enacted in 2016, the local "Lenin Square" was renamed "John Lennon Square" in February 2016.[31]
Izium urban hromada was formed on 14 June 2019, as an amalgamated hromada with its administrative center in Izium by uniting the Izium city council with a nearby village council.[32] On 12 June 2020, the hromada was expanded to include several other local councils, and, along with all other amalgamated hromadas in the country, was converted into a plain hromada.[33] On 18 July 2020, the city of Izium, along with the rest of the hromada, was subordinated to Izium Raion, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine. The area of Izium Raion was also significantly expanded to include the area of several other raions, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven.[19][20]
Russian invasion of Ukraine
During the full-scale
Russia gained control over Izium on 1 April 2022.
Ukraine began a
In December 2022, Izium decided to rename 22 street names in the city that previously held names affiliated with communism and with Russia. Among others, the street named after Pyotr Volokh was renamed to honor Hetman Pavlo Polubotok.[23]
Geography
Landmarks and location
Izium is located at the foot of the
Climate
The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is "Dfb", warm summer continental climate.[48]
Climate data for Izium (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2011) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.1 (55.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
24.0 (75.2) |
31.0 (87.8) |
36.7 (98.1) |
37.4 (99.3) |
39.1 (102.4) |
39.4 (102.9) |
34.4 (93.9) |
31.1 (88.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
39.4 (102.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
5.0 (41.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.1 (77.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.8 (80.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
20.1 (68.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
8.4 (47.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.9 (19.6) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
4.5 (40.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
4.2 (39.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −35.0 (−31.0) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−29.7 (−21.5) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−22.6 (−8.7) |
−33.2 (−27.8) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 47.9 (1.89) |
43.3 (1.70) |
44.0 (1.73) |
37.9 (1.49) |
48.3 (1.90) |
62.8 (2.47) |
58.8 (2.31) |
38.2 (1.50) |
48.9 (1.93) |
43.0 (1.69) |
46.0 (1.81) |
46.2 (1.82) |
565.3 (22.26) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.4 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 93.1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
84.9 | 81.8 | 77.3 | 67.5 | 64.9 | 68.2 | 68.2 | 67.5 | 73.4 | 79.2 | 85.1 | 85.5 | 75.3 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[49] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Climatebase.ru (extremes)[50] |
Economy
The factories of Izium produce optical equipment, mechanical components, concrete products, building materials, and foodstuffs.[14][3] Other industries include railroad repair and brewing.[3]
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1884 | 14,761[16] | — |
1897 | 24,300[6] | +3.91% |
1926 | 12,000[25] | −2.40% |
1989 | 64,334[24] | +2.70% |
2013 | 51,511[27] | −0.92% |
2022 | 44,979[5] | −1.50% |
According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, the native languages of Izium residents were 74.22% Ukrainian, 23.77% Russian, and 2.01% other/undecided.[51] Deutsche Welle, reporting in 2014, said that most of the people in Izium were ethnic Ukrainians, but the Russian language was the most common language of communication on the streets.[26]
It is the second most populous city in Kharkiv Oblast behind the oblast center Kharkiv.[8]
Notable people
- Serhii Vasylkivsky (1854–1917), artist
- Denys Kulakov (born 1986), footballer
Twin towns
On April 17, 2023, Izium formed a Sister City partnership with Greenwich, Connecticut, USA.[52]
Gallery
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Izium City Hall
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A historical building in Izium
-
The Spartak cinema
-
The Ascension Church
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The Transfiguration Church
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The Holy Cross Church
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A holy well in Izium
-
Izyum railway station
References
- ^ a b (in Ukrainian) "Elections in Kharkiv Region: Kernes' Son in the Regional Council and Local Success "Servants of the People"". The Ukrainian Week. 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Ukraine counter-offensive: Russian forces retreat as Ukraine takes key towns". BBC News. 10 September 2022.
- ^ Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ "Изюмская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Ізюм, Ізюмський район, Харківська область". Історія міст і сіл Української РСР (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-10-25.
- ISBN 9789660220744. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
- ^ ISBN 9789660220744. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
- ^ a b "ІЗЮМСЬКИЙ ШЛЯХ". resource.history.org.ua. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
- ^ Изюм // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / редколл., гл. ред. Б. А. Введенский. 2-е изд. том 17. М., Государственное научное издательство «Большая Советская энциклопедия», 1952. стр.522
- ^ Изюм // Украинская Советская Энциклопедия. том 4. Киев, «Украинская Советская энциклопедия», 1980. стр.231
- ^ Donetsk State University. 2000. p. 191.
- ^ "Ukraine: The stigma of Izium, one year after being freed from Russian occupation". Le Monde.fr. 2023-09-16. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
- ^ a b c d e f "Izium". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine.
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- ^ a b Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III (in Polish). Warszawa. 1882. p. 336.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ISBN 9789660220744. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
- ^ a b c d "Ізюм, Ізюмський район, Харківська область (продовження)". Історія міст і сіл Української РСР (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-10-25.
- ^ a b "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ^ a b "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
- ISBN 9781405840637(page 60)
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- ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved Sep 11, 2022.
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- Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015(14 April 2015)
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News - ^ "Потреби внутрішньо переміщених осіб: в Ізюмській міській об'єднаній територіальній громаді Харківської області" (in Ukrainian). p. 12.
Ізюмська міська об'єднана територіальна громада створена 14 червня 2019 року. У складі громади місто Ізюм, яке є центром, та села Кам'янка, Синичено, Суха Кам'янка, Тихоцьке.
- ^ "Про визначення адміністративних центрів та затвердження територій територіальних громад Харківської області". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-10-26.
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External links
- Media related to Izium at Wikimedia Commons
- (in English) / History of the city Archived 2019-05-13 at the Wayback Machine