Jñāna

Samkhya	Kapila;
Yoga	Patanjali;
Vaisheshika	Kanada, Prashastapada;
Secular	Valluvar;

In

Sanskrit: ज्ञान, [ˈdʑɲaːnɐ])^[1]^[a]

is "knowledge".

The idea of jñāna centers on a cognitive event which is recognized when experienced. It is knowledge inseparable from the total experience of reality, especially the total or divine reality (Brahman).^[2]

The root ज्ञा- jñā- is cognate to Slavic znati, English know, as well as to the Greek γνώ- (as in γνῶσις gnosis) and Lithuanian žinoti. Its antonym is अज्ञान ajñāna "ignorance".

Etymology

Jñāna sometimes transcribed as gyaan, means "knowledge" in Sanskrit. The root jñā- is cognate to English know, as well as to the Greek γνώ- (as in γνῶσις gnosis). Its antonym is ajñāna "ignorance".^[3]

In Buddhism

In

vijñana, which is a moment of 'divided knowing'. Entrance to, and progression through the ten stages of jñana (Bodhisattva bhumis), will lead one to complete enlightenment and nirvana.^[4]

In

Four stages of enlightenment then the cycle will start over at a subtler level.^[5]

In Hinduism

Vedanta

Prajñānam Brahma (प्रज्ञानम् ब्रह्म), one of the Mahāvākyas, roughly means "Insight is Brahman" or "Brahman is Insight".^[6]

Yoga

Bhakti yoga. Rāja yoga

(राजयोग, classical yoga) which includes several yogas, is also said to lead to moksha. It is said that each path is meant for a different temperament of personality.

In Jainism

According to the Jain texts like

Tattvārthsūtra and Sarvārthasiddhi, knowledge is of five kinds:^[7]

Mati Jñāna (Sensory Knowledge)
Śruta Jñāna (Scriptural Knowledge)
Avadhi Jñāna (Clairvoyance)
Manah prayāya Jñāna (Telepathy)
Kevala Jnana
(Omniscience)

In Sikhism

Gyan or Gian refers to spiritual knowledge. Learned people are often referred to as "Giani". It is mentioned throughout the Guru Granth Sahib.

Notes

^ Jñāna is also often transliterated into English as jnana, jnan, gyana, gyan, or gyaan.

References

Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original
on July 8, 2012. Retrieved 2016-08-23.

^ "jnana (Indian religion)". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2012-05-15.

ISBN 81-208-0567-4
.

^ Gampopa's "Jewel Ornament of Liberation", especially the ten bhumis, where the absorption state or non-dual state, which characterizes all ten bhumis, in this well-respected traditional text, is equated to the state of jnana

^ ^a ^b The Progress of Insight: (Visuddhiñana-katha), by The Venerable Mahasi Sayadaw, translated from the Pali with Notes by Nyanaponika Thera (1994; 33pp./99KB)

^ Sahu 2004, p. 41.

^ Jain, S.A. (1992). Reality_JMT. Jwalamalini Trustp=16.

Sources

Anna Dallapiccola, Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend (
ISBN 0-500-51088-1
)

Loy, David (1997), Nonduality. A Study in Comparative Philosophy, Humanity Books

Sahu, Bhagirathi (2004), The New Educational Philosophy, Sarup & Sons

External links

Jnana definition and other relevant text

What Is Jnana? (Jiva Institute)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jñāna&oldid=1207699345"

[2] Jñāna is also often transliterated into English as jnana, jnan, gyana, gyan, or gyaan.

[1] Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original
on July 8, 2012. Retrieved 2016-08-23.

[brittanica_on_gyana-3] "jnana (Indian religion)". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2012-05-15.

[4] ISBN 81-208-0567-4
.

[5] Gampopa's "Jewel Ornament of Liberation", especially the ten bhumis, where the absorption state or non-dual state, which characterizes all ten bhumis, in this well-respected traditional text, is equated to the state of jnana

[ReferenceA-6] The Progress of Insight: (Visuddhiñana-katha), by The Venerable Mahasi Sayadaw, translated from the Pali with Notes by Nyanaponika Thera (1994; 33pp./99KB)

[FOOTNOTESahu200441-7] Sahu 2004, p. 41.

[8] Jain, S.A. (1992). Reality_JMT. Jwalamalini Trustp=16.

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