Józef Cyrankiewicz
Józef Cyrankiewicz | |
---|---|
Prime Minister of Poland | |
In office 18 March 1954 – 23 December 1970 | |
Deputy | See list
|
Chairman | Chairman of the Council of State of the People's Republic of Poland |
In office 23 December 1970 – 28 March 1972 | |
Prime Minister | Piotr Jaroszewicz |
First Secretary | Edward Gierek |
Preceded by | Marian Spychalski |
Succeeded by | Henryk Jabłoński |
Personal details | |
Born | 23 April 1911 PZPR (1948-1989) |
Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz (pronounced
Early life
Cyrankiewicz was born in
World War II
Active in the
He, along with other Auschwitz prisoners, was eventually transferred to
The Auschwitz controversy
According to post-war communist era-propaganda, while in Auschwitz, Cyrankiewicz attempted to organize a resistance movement among the other imprisoned socialists and also worked on bringing the various international prisoners' groups together; those claims, used to build up his reputation in post-war Poland, are considered exaggerated by modern historians.[10][11] Instead, modern historians note that Cyrankiewicz controversially not only refused an appeal of a death sentence by Witold Pilecki, a Home Army resistance fighter who infiltrated Auschwitz and is considered to be the main creator of the resistance there, but suggested that he be treated "harshly, as an enemy of the state".[12][13][11]
Rise to power
First period in office
Following the end of the war, he became secretary-general of the Polish Socialist Party's central executive committee in 1946. However, factional infighting split the Party into two camps: one led by Cyrankiewicz, the other by Edward Osóbka-Morawski, who was also prime minister.
Osóbka-Morawski thought the PPS should join with the other non-communist party in Poland, the
The PPS merged with the PPR in 1948 to form the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). Although the PZPR was the PPR under a new name, Cyrankiewicz remained as prime minister. He was also named a secretary of the PZPR Central Committee.[14]
Cyrankiewicz gave up the prime minister's post in 1952 because party boss Bolesław Bierut wanted the post for himself. He did, however, become a deputy premier under Bierut.
Second period in office
However, in 1954, after Poland returned to "collective leadership," Cyrankiewicz returned to the premiership, a post he would hold until 1970. By this time, there was little left of Cyrankiewicz the socialist, as evidenced during the 1956 upheaval following Nikita Khrushchev's "secret speech." He tried to repress the rioting that erupted across the country at first, threatening that "any provocateur or lunatic who raises his hand against the people's government may be sure that this hand will be chopped off."[15]
Cyrankiewicz was also responsible for the order to fire on the protesters during the 1970
Cyrankiewicz died in 1989, a few months before the collapse of the communist regime. However, Cyrankiewicz (with others involved in the 1948 show trial) was posthumously charged in 2003 with complicity in Witold Pilecki's judicial murder.[citation needed]
Honors
- Polish People's Republic:
- Order of the Builders of People's Poland
- Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
- Order of the Banner of Work(1st class)
- Order of the Cross of Grunwald (2nd class)
- Partisan Cross
- Other countries:
- Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour (France)
- Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italy)
- Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (Soviet Union)
See also
- History of Poland (1945-1989)
- List of honorary citizens of Skopje
References
- ^ Andrzej Krajewski (28 kwietnia 2011), Józef Cyrankiewicz, czyli jak kończą idealiści. Newsweek.pl. Archived December 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Jerzy Reuter (24 sierpnia 2009), Józef Cyrankiewicz. Tarnowski Kurier Kulturalny. Archived November 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Rocznik Oficerski Rezerw". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
- ^ "Regina Szpak". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
- ^ Kienzler, Iwona (2015). Kronika PRL 1944–1989. Czerwona arystokracja. Warsaw. p. 67.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Rocznik oficerski 1923". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
- ^ "Tak kończą idealiści". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
- ^ "Dane osoby z katalogu kierowniczych stanowisk partyjnych i państwowych PRL". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
- ^ "30 lat temu zmarł Józef Cyrankiewicz, najdłużej sprawujący swą funkcję premier PRL". Retrieved August 10, 2020.
- )
- ^ ISBN 978-93-85932-33-5.
- S2CID 210468082.
- ^ Świerczek, Lidia (1997). "Sprawa Witolda Pileckiego" (PDF). Niepodległość i Pamięć. 4/1 (7) [1]: 141–152.
- ^ Davies, Norman (1991). Boże igrzysko. Historia Polski. T. 2: Od roku 1795. Warsaw: Znak. p. 704.
- ^ "29 czerwca 1956 r. Cyrankiewicz: Każdemu, kto podniesie rękę na władzę, władza tę rękę odrąbie". Retrieved August 10, 2020.