Jörmungandr
In
Jörmungandr is said to be the middle child of the trickster god
Etymology
The name Jǫrmungandr is a poetic title and consists of the prefix jǫrmun- and the word gandr. The prefix "jǫrmun-" denotes something huge, vast, or superhuman.[2] The word "gandr" can mean a variety of things in Old Norse, but mainly refers to elongated entities and or supernatural beings. Gandr can refer to, among other things: snake, fjord, river, staff, cane, mast, penis, bind, and the like (mainly in "supernatural" or "living" senses).[3][4] The term "Jörmungandr" therefore has several possible meanings in connection with its mythology, such as: "the vast serpent", "the vast river" (a synonym for the sea where he dwells), "the vast staff or stick" (a connection to the world tree Yggdrasil), as well as "the vast bind" (the serpent's coiling around the world, biting its own tail, symbolising the world's circle of life).[3][4]
Sources
The major sources for myths about Jörmungandr are the Prose Edda, the
Stories
There are three preserved myths detailing Thor's encounters with Jörmungandr:
Lifting the cat
In one story, Thor encounters the giant king Útgarða-Loki and has to perform deeds for him, one of which is a challenge of Thor's strength. Útgarða-Loki goads Thor into attempting to lift the World Serpent, disguised by magic as a huge cat. Thor grabs the cat around its midsection but manages to raise the cat only high enough for one of its paws to leave the floor. Útgarða-Loki later explains his deception and that Thor's lifting the cat was an impressive deed, as he had stretched the serpent so that it had almost reached the sky. Many watching became fearful when they saw one paw lift off the ground.[5] If Thor had managed to lift the cat completely from the ground, he would have altered the boundaries of the universe.[6]
Thor's fishing trip
Jörmungandr and Thor meet again when Thor goes fishing with the giant
Thor's fishing for Jörmungandr was one of the most popular
Ragnarök
As recounted in Snorri's Gylfaginning based on the Eddic poem
Analysis
Thor's fishing for Jörmungandr has been taken as one of the similarities between him and the Hindu god
Eponym
Asteroid
Popular culture media appearances
Jörmungandr has made a variety of appearances in popculture media. Some notable examples include:
- History Channel television show Vikings.[23]
- God of War (franchise) – Jörmungandr is a mainstay character in the video games God of War from 2018 and God of War Ragnarök from 2022.[24]
Gallery
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Thor fishing for the Midgard Serpent in an illustration from an 18th-century Icelandic manuscript
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Thor and the Midgard Serpent (1905) by Emil Doepler
-
The children of Loki (1920) by Willy Pogany
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Jörmungandr rising to the ox head bait, from the 17th-century Icelandic manuscript AM 738 4to
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Thor and Jörmungandr by Lorenz Frølich
See also
- Apep
- Bakunawa
- European dragon
- Germanic dragon
- Horned Serpent
- Lernaean Hydra
- Leviathan
- Makara (Hindu mythology)
- Níðhöggr
- Ophiotaurus
- Ouroboros
- Python (mythology)
- Sea monster
- Shesha
- Typhon
References
- ^ a b c Snorri Sturluson; Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist (trans.) (1916). The Prose Edda. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation. Gylfaginning ch.LI , p. 109.
- ^ "Jörmun-". old-icelandic.vercel.app. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- ^ a b "Fornvännen 94" (PDF). Fornvännen. Journal of Swedish Antiquarian Research (in Swedish): 61. 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- ^ a b "Gand, seid og åndevind" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- ^ Snorri Sturluson (1916) Gylfaginning ch. xlvi, xlvii, pp. 65, 67.
- ISBN 978-0-19-026298-3.
- ^ a b Snorri Sturluson (1916) Gylfaginning ch. xlviii, pp. 68–70.
- ^ ISBN 0-8153-1660-7.
- ^ a b Clunies Ross, Margaret (1989). "Two of Þórr's Great Fights according to Hymiskviða" (PDF). Leeds Studies in English. 20: 8–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2019.
- ^ a b Meulengracht Sørensen (1986) p. 260, (2002) p. 123.
- ISBN 978-1-316-50129-0.
- ^ ISBN 0-19-513479-6. Archivedfrom the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
- ^ a b Meulengracht Sørensen (1986) p. 269, (2002) p. 130.
- ^ Kopár, p. 208.
- ^ Snorri Sturluson (2016) Gylfaginning ch. li, pp. 78–80.
- OCLC 460550410.
- OCLC 459390464.
- OCLC 849278587.
- ^ Meulengracht Sørensen (1986) p. 272, (2002) p. 132.
- ISBN 0-19-515382-0.
- ^ "471926 Jormungandr (2013 KN6)". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ Tyler, Adrienne (5 December 2020). "Vikings Season 6: What The Giant Serpent Creature Is". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ^ "God of War: Ragnarok: Who is Jormungandr?". spieltimes.com. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
Bibliography
- ISBN 0-85991-513-1.