Jacob Kainen

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Jacob Kainen
Abstract Expressionist

Jacob Kainen (December 7, 1909 – March 19, 2001) was an American painter and printmaker. He is also known as an art historian, writing books on

German Expressionist art, and he and his second wife, Ruth, donated a collection of this work to the National Gallery of Art
in 1985.

Biography

Jacob Kainen was born in

etchings. Kainen used this time to further exercise his interests by working in the classics department of Brentano's
bookstore, as well as developing his skills as a boxer. Kainen would go on to become an expert in the classics and quite a skilled amateur prizefighter.

Kainen was finally granted admittance to Pratt in the fall of 1927. Though he had a deep interest and appreciation for the old masters during this period of his life, he quickly found the Pratt curriculum backward, too anti-

Cézanne's palette. In Kainen's final year of school, Pratt instituted a curriculum that focused more on commercial art and commercialized drawing styles. This catalyzed
Kainen into a rebellion that resulted in his expulsion from the institute three weeks before graduation, and subjected him to further scorn from many of those associated with Pratt.

This event proved monumental in Kainen's conceptual and artistic development. After his expulsion, Kainen sought out other

German Expressionism and the social awareness and ferocity of social realism during the 1930s. He became a part of the New York Group, "interested in those aspects of contemporary life which reflect the deepest feelings of the people; their poverty, their surroundings, their desire for peace, their fight for life."[This quote needs a citation] His expressionist and social leanings began to definitively merge in the mid-1930s in works such as Tenement Fire (1934) and The Flood (1936). Kainen found interest in stylistic experimentation meant to convey expressive meaning. He was a member of "The Ten", which was a group of artists who promoted Expressionist art, exhibiting together from 1935 to 1939. The group had "three goals: they sought to represent the rawest human emotions, to use paint expressively rather than descriptively, and to focus on internal experience rather than external facts".[2]

Kainen's wrote a highly regarded and informative essay on the WPA Graphic Arts Division in a collection of essays called The New Deal Art Projects: An Anthology of Memoirs.[3][2]

Career

Kainen also frequented cafeterias that had become the places where urban artists met to debate and develop ideas, both social and aesthetic. Kainen and Arshile Gorky became acquainted during a particular exchange in which they both defended the importance of copying master works and admitted to lurking in museums. The friendship with Gorky and his influence that resulted from their meeting would prove to be a lifelong one. Kainen was an active participant in the WPA's graphic arts program during the second half of the decade, but he eventually parted with the aesthetics of social realism in favor of abstraction. Yet his work would never lose its humanism or its concern for history: "However abstract the forms and colors seem, they should somehow give off an aura of human experience."[4] When opportunities in New York for work with the WPA ran low, Kainen moved to Washington, DC in 1942.[5]

Curator

From 1942 to 1970 Kainen was curator of the Division of Graphic Arts at the Smithsonian's U. S. National Museum. Though jarred by the elementary state of Washington's then slow-paced art scene, Kainen found inspiration in the Victorian skyline and architecture that defined the buildings surrounding his studio in Dupont Circle. In the 1940s he was one of the first abstract artists working in the city, and produced abstract compositions of symbols and forms that resounded with both his physical surroundings and personal experiences.

In 1949 Kainen's national loyalty was questioned and he was placed under investigation by the Civil Services loyalty board. During the 1930s, and the time spent in New York after his expulsion from Pratt, Kainen had written art reviews for the Daily Worker and signed legal petitions that attempted to institute social change. Such activities later put his job in jeopardy when he was being considered an "enemy of the state".[This quote needs a citation] Kainen was not cleared of formal charges until 1954. The psychological strain and anxiety of this period became evident in his vivid abstractions with titles like Exorcist (1952), Unmoored #2 (1952) and The Listener (1952). Kainen later remembered this time as a period when: "I begin with the aesthetic balancing of forms but these psychological ghosts take over."

Soon after his clearance by the Civil Services board, Kainen shifted from abstraction to elegant figurative work. As evidence of fervent independence, Kainen rejected the popularity of

Abstract Expressionism
for a return to the figure. Kainen began to participate in substantially more exhibitions in Washington after he met his wife, Ruth Cole, in 1968. Prior to their marriage Kainen painted nightly after his workday, at his unheated studio, until ten or eleven o'clock at night, then returned home to do writing or museum research until 2 a.m. because he was not allowed to do scholarly writing on government time. He retired from the Smithsonian in 1970 in order to paint full-time.

Kainen taught evening classes in painting and printmaking at the Washington Workshop Center for the Arts,[6] and was instrumental in introducing Morris Louis to Kenneth Noland and hiring Louis to teach painting at the Workshop. Shortly thereafter, Louis and Noland began collaborating on "staining", the fundamental notion of Washington Color Field Painting, and a groundbreaking technique with many influential practitioners, although Kainen did not consider himself to be a member of the Washington Color School.[7] After his departure from the Smithsonian Institution in 1970, Kainen's work shifted back to pure abstraction.

Exhibitions

  • Jacob Kainen (Retrospective). Catholic University, Washington, D.C., December, 1952; organized by Kenneth Noland.[7]
  • Jacob Kainen: Recent Paintings. Middendorf Gallery, Washington, D.C., April 9-May 7, 1988[8]
  • Jacob Kainen: Recent Drawings. Nancy Drysdale Gallery, Washington, D.C. March 23-April 29, 1995.[9]

Death

Jacob Kainen died in his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland, at the age of 91 as he was preparing to go to his studio to paint. He was the father of mathematician Paul Kainen and inventor Daniel Kainen.

See also

Dance Hall Bellevue (Houses in Dresden) by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Ruth and Jacob Kainen Collection, gift in honor of the 50th Anniversary of the National Gallery of Art
  • Color Field

References

  1. ^ "John Baptist Jackson". ManyBooks.net. Archived from the original on 2012-04-01. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
  2. ^ .
  3. .
  4. .
  5. from the original on 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
  6. from the original on 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
  7. ^ .
  8. from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
  9. from the original on 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2017-09-29.

External links