Jagaddhatri
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Jagaddhatri / Jagadhatri | |
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Color | Red and green |
Mount | Lion |
Consort | Shiva |
Jagatdhatri or Jagaddhatri (transl. Bearer of the World) is an aspect of the
According to the Purans, Jagadhatri is the incarnation of
Legends
The legend of Jagaddhatri is inspired from a tale in the Kena Upanishad. In the Katyayani Tantra, the following legend is told. After the goddess Durga killed Mahishasura, the gods of Svarga forgot about her powers. So, in order to test them, Parvati appeared before the gods Agni, Vayu, Varuna, and Chandra, who considered themselves invincible and were engulfed by ahamkara (ego). She asked them to move a tiny blade of grass. Vayu failed to pluck it; Agni failed to burn it. Every god failed at the task. In the end, they understood that the Goddess is the source of all power in the universe; even theirs. The goddess appeared before them as Uma, riding on a lion. The goddess is equated with Brahman in the narrative. The goddess gave the ego of the gods the form of an elephant. Jagaddhatri is depicted sitting on a lion with an elephant under them. The elephant, symbolizing ahamkara, lies under the paws of her vahana the lion, who symbolises courage, valour and the strength to overcome any challenges, including one's internal struggles with the Shada Ripus ("the six enemies").
"You must believe in the Ishwara rupa. Do you know the meaning of Jagadhatri rupa? She is carrying the world. If she stops then the world will get destroyed" is said by Sri Ramakrishna.
Her dhyana mantra describes her weapons, vahana and her Iconography. She is sitting atop a
She sustains the universe through her Yoga shakti. Naga/Sarpa is the symbol of Yoga & Upavitam is the symbol of Bramhin. Devi is yogini. She is using the world through her maha yoga shakti. The act of rescuing the world is her Lila.
In her stotram (Jagadhatri Strotram), she has been invoked as Adhara bhutah, Dhritirupah, Dhurandharah, Dhruvapadah, Shaktistah, Shaktirupah, Shaktacharpriyah, Shaktivigrahe.
It is said that she had killed the elephant demon, Kurandrasura. Its mention is not found in her dhyana mantra but in her idol an elephant is seen below her mount lion, who is none other than Kurandrasura.
History of worship
There are variations regarding the history of worship of the goddess in Bengal. The popular narrative states that the worship was begun by
At Krishnanagar, Raj Rajeshwary Jagatdhatri Puja is one of the oldest in Bengal. As per local history,
The Jagatdhatri puja of Bose family and Chatterjee family, Palpara and Bhavanipur, deserves a special mention in this regard. The puja of Bose family initially used to be held in their ancestral home in Murshidabad. Folklore has it that this puja was started in 1788. The puja was later shifted to its present location in Chandannagar, where many of the family members now live. The exact history of the deity is unknown, but family records date it back to 1640.In Chatterjee family this puja originates from 1700 in Srirampur which later was shifted to Chatterjee's official ancestral home in 1936 by Hari Mohan Chatterjee. For over 40 years it remained the centre of attraction during the festivities.After the demise of Hari Mohan Chatterjee the puja was continued by 3 generations by Shashanka Chatterjee, Nilanka Chatterjee (Son of Late Shashanka Chatterjee) and at present by Tirthanka Chatterjee and Ankita Chatterjee (children of Nilanka and Jayeeta Chatterjee).In 2023 the puja got shifted again for the 2nd time in 200 years to Bangalore, marking a historic shift to South of India.The Puja is continued by Chatterjees with all grandeur and tradition dating back centuries.[7]
Researcher Mohit Roy has noted that Jagadhatri vigraha from Barisal(BD) is from the 8th Century. Currently, the vigraha is in the Ashutosh Museum(Kolkata). One must note that such Simha-Vahini vigrahas have been discovered plenty, particularly from western Bengal.
The first textual mention of Jagadhatri puja comes from Kalviveka of Smarta Shulapani, dated approximately from 1375 to 1460.[4]Later Smartas Brihaspati Raymukut and Srinatha Acharya Churamani have mentioned the goddess in their work.
The time in which she is worshipped,
The oldest temple of the goddess is in Somra (Hooghly), also known as Mahavidya temple. It was established in 1621 CE. The worship of the goddess takes place in the Dekhuria village as well in Birbhum. Still older is the Jagadhatri puja of Baligram village(Jiaganj, Murshidabad), dated back to five hundred years ago. Bandyopadhyay family of Mirhat of Kalna are observing Jagadhatri puja for more than four hundred years. Jagadhatri puja is the main Puja of Dhatrigram, Baidyapur & Mirhat of Kalna. The 350-year-old Chandrapati family's kuladevi is Jagrata, to say the least.[citation needed]
Festivities
Jagatdhatri Puja is very popular in Krishnanagar, (Sutragarh-Santipur), Tehatta, Rishra, Chandannagar, Bhadreswar, Hooghly, Boinchi, Ashoknagar-Kalyangarh, Howrah.
The beauty of the festival in Chandannagar is mainly due to the collaborative conception between the French and Bengalis. Remarkable feature remaining its procession, second largest in the world after Rio de Janeiro's, with its magnificent lightings[8]
The Jagadhatri puja of Krishnanagar is a thing to see. During this time the city adorns itself with lots of lights, flowers, pandals and the likes. Each year more than 5 lakh devotees come to Krishnanagar to be a part of this grandiose festival. There are about 150-175 clubs and barowaris which organise Jagadhatri puja in the city. The Jagadhatri puja of Krishnagar is a perfect blending of devotion, emotion and celebration. The most popular Jagadhatri goddess is the Burima of Chasa Para(In Bengali Chasa means farmer). This deity is called the Tirupathi of Krishnanagar. Each year the idol is embellished with 150 kg gold and 150 kg silver ornaments with more than 10 benarasis and jamdanis. Besides Burima, Choto Ma (the deity of Kathalpota Barowari),Mejoma (the deity of College Street Barowari), Jaleswari (the idol of Malo para Barowari) are also very famous.
The Trinayani Jagadhatri Puja Committee started the first sarbojanin ( for all )Jagadhatri Puja in the Bankura district. Although they started the first pujo in 2017, the first committee was formed in 2019. Here, the goddess Jagadhatri is known as Boroma. On the Shukla Navami tithi in the month of Kartika (sometimes in Agrahayana), Trikalin Puja is performed . On the eleventh day, the mother idol is immersed in Padmapukur with Dhunuchi dance, with ancient Bengali dhaak and procession. The main attraction of this pujo committee is that pujo is performed in a specific area but people from different locations of Bankura are associated with this pujo. In their words, "Para jar jar Boroma Sobar". Along with Pujo, this committee also does various social work. West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee was present in the mandapa as the chief guest of the Trinayani Jagadhatri Puja in 2020. The Trinayani Jagadhatri Puja Committee is becoming popular among the people of Bankura.
Jagadhatri Mela
After
In 2012, the sarbajanina Maa Jagadhatri puja
In 2013, the sarbajanina Maa Jagadhatri puja has been started on 11 November. But to commemorate the loss of Odisha, specifically
Every year its main attraction is the Puja Torana(Pendal) and the Mela. The Pendal is decorated as a famous monument in 2011 it was a miniature of
In literature
Goddess Jagatdhatri figures in the historical fiction Anandamath written by Bengali novelist Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. It is the same literary work from which the national song of India Vande Mataram originates. In the novel, Kali, Durga, and Jagatdhatri are depicted as three aspects of 'Bharat Mata' (Mother India) – Jagatdhatri as the mother used to be, Kali as the mother now is, and Durga as the mother will be in future. The trio of goddesses are shown as the object of worship of a group of ascetics who form the protagonists of the story.[10]
References
- ^ Fell McDermott, Rachel. Revelry, Rivalry, and Longing for the Goddesses of Bengal: The Fortunes of Hindu Festivals. Columbia University Press.
- ^ "Chandannagar, 'City of Lights' Shines for Jagadhatri Puja as Bengal Soaks in Festive Spirit". News18. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
- ^ "Jagadhatri Puja 2022: There are different opinions about the history of Jagadhatri Puja. History says that the first puja started in a tree". Hindustan Times. Retrieved Nov 2, 2022.
- ^ a b "Jagaddhatri Puja: Who started Jagaddhatri Puja in Bengal and where?". Zee News. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
- ^ Chowdhuri, Soumita (9 November 2021). "Jagadhatri Puja 2021: স্বপ্নাদেশে, কৃষ্ণনগরেই প্রথম জগদ্ধাত্রী পুজো শুরু করেন রাজা কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র! জানুন অজানা ইতিহাস". Aaj Tak (in Bengali). Kolkata. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ^ "The legends of Jagadhatri Puja". The Statesman.
- ^ "Overflowing with Ecstasy". The Statesman. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "French connection: Jagatdhatri's homecoming to Chandernagore - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
- ^ "Jagadhatri Puja and Mela, Bhanjpur on e-News Sites". Archived from the original on 2019-10-30. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
- ^ Gulati, Poorva (January 2021). "From Nation to Post Nation: The Making and Unmaking of National Consciousness in Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's Anandamath". Bodhi International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Science. Issn: 2456-5571, Center for Resource, Research and Publication Services, CRPS, India, Impact Factor-2.135.
Further reading
- McDermott, Rachel Fell (2011). Revelry, Rivalry, and Longing for the Goddesses of Bengal: The Fortunes of Hindu Festivals