Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district | |
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UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
Literacy | 91.4% |
Website | jalandhar |
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.
Before the
History
Classical
Jalandhar was the site of the Katoch Rajput kingdom of Jalandhara, also known as Trigartta. The date of its founding is unclear, but its presence is observed by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang in the seventh century, and Kalhana records the defeat of Prithvi Chandra Raja of Trigartta by Sankara Varmma of Kashmir towards the end of the ninth century.[2]
Medieval
Jalandhar became part of the
The sack and plunder of Delhi by
Early modern
Mughal
When Babur invaded northern India in 1524 he granted the jagir of Jalandhar to Daulat Khan Lodi at whose instigation he had come.[2] The following year Lodi revolted and was defeated by Babur. In 1540, Babur's son Humayun was expelled by Sher Shah Suri and Jalandhar became part of the Sur Empire. On Humayun's return in 1555, Jalandhar was occupied by his general Bairam Khan and later Akbar. Whilst Akbar had moved east to fight Hemu, Sikandar Suri defeated Khizr Khan, governor of Lahore, at Chamiari in the north of the district.[2] On Akbar's return to Jalandhar, Mughal hegemony was re-established.
With the regaining of
During Akbar's reign, the city of Jalandhar became one of his mint cities. In 1594, the town of Kartarpur was founded by Guru Arjan on land granted by Akbar.[3] The reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan saw significant improvements to the region's infrastructure, and many villages were founded.[2] The town of Phillaur dates from this period, when it was selected for one of the serais on the Delhi to Lahore road, whilst the town of Nurmahal was re-established by Jahangir's consort Nur Jahan, who is believed to have been raised there. Mughal administrative authority in Jalandhar lasted into the reign of Muhammad Shah, evidenced by the significant number of land grants in the district issued by the Emperor.[2]
Durrani
Sikh
The death of Adina Beg coincided with the start of increasing Sikh influence in Jalandhar, with many
In 1811, Ranjit Singh despatched Dewan Mokham Chand to annex Faizullapuria dominions in Jalandhar. By August that year, Budh Singh, son of Khushal Singh, had fled and Jalandhar came under the control of Lahore and part of the Sikh Empire.[4] The petty sardars of the district were gradually ousted from their estates, and were replaced by the direct management of the Sikh governors.[4]
Modern
British
During both the
When the Indian Rebellion of 1857 began, Jalandhar was strategically important as a main line of communication between the Punjab and Delhi.[2] Incidents of mutiny originated in Jalandhar and Phillaur cantonments, however they were suppressed by the 8th Foot who in turn were strengthened by troops provided by Randhir Singh of Kapurthala, John Nicholson's moveable column and the Tiwana horse under Sher Muhammad Khan.[5]
In 1858, Jalandhar became part of the British Raj and in 1863 became administratively part of Punjab province.[2]
The first case of the plague in the Punjab was reported in the village of Khatkar Kalan in 1897.[6]
Partition
In early 1947, communal tensions heightened in Jalandhar and across the Punjab.[7] In March riots occurred in the district following speeches made by Congress and Sikh leaders at Lahore.[7] In June 1947, the Indian Independence Act 1947 stipulated the partition of the Punjab, and on 17 August the Radcliffe Line was announced, placing Jalandhar in the new Dominion of India.[8] As Jalandhar had a Muslim plurality at the time (45.23 per cent per the 1941 census)[9] it led to significant demographic change in the district, with the Muslim population becoming refugees in Pakistan, and an influx of Hindus and Sikhs arriving having abandoned their homes in the new Pakistan.[8]
Administration
The district is divided into five tehsils:
In addition there are a further five sub-tehsils:[10]
Constituencies
There are also nine
- Shahkot
MLA
No. | Constituency | Name of MLA | Party | Bench | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 | Phillaur (SC) | Vikramjit Singh Chaudhary | Indian National Congress | Opposition | |
31 | Nakodar | Inderjit Kaur Mann | Aam Aadmi Party | Government | |
32 | Shahkot | Hardev Singh Laddi | Indian National Congress | Opposition | |
33 | Kartarpur (SC) | Balkar Singh | Aam Aadmi Party | Government | |
34 | Jalandhar West (SC) | Sheetal Angural | Aam Aadmi Party | Government | |
35 | Jalandhar Central | Raman Arora | Aam Aadmi Party | Government | |
36 | Jalandhar North | Avtar Singh Junior | Indian National Congress | Opposition | |
37 | Jalandhar Cantonment | Pargat Singh | Indian National Congress | Opposition | |
38 | Adampur (SC) | Sukhwinder Singh Kotli | Indian National Congress | Opposition |
Villages
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1901 | 721,579 | — |
1911 | 630,769 | −1.34% |
1921 | 647,086 | +0.26% |
1931 | 742,659 | +1.39% |
1941 | 887,080 | +1.79% |
1951 | 829,858 | −0.66% |
1961 | 981,801 | +1.70% |
1971 | 1,175,196 | +1.81% |
1981 | 1,406,587 | +1.81% |
1991 | 1,649,937 | +1.61% |
2001 | 1,962,761 | +1.75% |
2011 | 2,193,590 | +1.12% |
source:[21] |
According to the
Gender
The table below shows the sex ratio of Jalandhar district through decades.
Census year | Ratio |
---|---|
2011 | 915 |
2001 | 887 |
1991 | 897 |
1981 | 890 |
1971 | 883 |
1961 | 867 |
1951 | 857 |
1941 | 859 |
1931 | 841 |
1921 | 807 |
1911 | 783 |
1901 | 848 |
The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Jalandhar district.
Year | Urban | Rural |
---|---|---|
2011 | 865 | 885 |
2001 | 793 | 817 |
Religion
Hinduism is the majority religion. In rural areas, Sikhs and Hindus are roughly equal proportions, but in urban areas, Hindus are predominant.[27]
Religious group |
2011[27] | |
---|---|---|
Pop. | % | |
Hinduism | 1,394,329 | 63.56% |
Sikhism | 718,363 | 32.75% |
Islam | 30,233 | 1.38% |
Christianity | 26,016 | 1.19% |
Others | 24,649 | 1.12% |
Total Population | 2,193,590 | 100% |
Religious group |
1901[28] | 1911[29][30] | 1921[31] | 1931[32] | 1941[9] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 421,011 | 45.88% | 357,051 | 44.52% | 366,586 | 44.57% | 419,556 | 44.46% | 509,804 | 45.23% |
Hinduism [a] | 368,051 | 40.11% | 265,378 | 33.09% | 244,995 | 29.79% | 268,822 | 28.49% | 311,010 | 27.59% |
Sikhism | 125,817 | 13.71% | 176,227 | 21.98% | 206,130 | 25.06% | 249,571 | 26.45% | 298,741 | 26.5% |
Christianity | 1,713 | 0.19% | 2,404 | 0.3% | 4,088 | 0.5% | 4,323 | 0.46% | 6,233 | 0.55% |
Jainism | 969 | 0.11% | 842 | 0.1% | 736 | 0.09% | 1,379 | 0.15% | 1,395 | 0.12% |
Zoroastrianism | 24 | 0% | 18 | 0% | 9 | 0% | 70 | 0.01% | 7 | 0% |
Judaism | 2 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
Buddhism | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
Others | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
Total population | 917587 | 100% | 801,920 | 100% | 822,544 | 100% | 943,721 | 100% | 1,127,190 | 100% |
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
|
The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Jalandhar district.
Religion | Urban (2011) | Rural (2011) | Urban (2001) | Rural (2001) | Urban (1991) | Rural (1991) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hindu | 8,63,936 | 5,30,393 | 6,72,889 | 4,85,979 | 4,60,102 | 5,09,318 |
Sikh | 2,52,274 | 4,66,089 | 2,30,709 | 5,10,132 | 1,42,700 | 6,00,666 |
Muslim | 14,363 | 12,408 | 9,835 | 9,092 | 4,452 | 4,048 |
Christian | 17,825 | 11,653 | 8,216 | 12,271 | 1,381 | 7,231 |
Other religions | 14,363 | 11,876 | 9,835 | 13,243 | 4,452 | 720 |
Language
At the time of the 2011 census, 88.15% of the population spoke Punjabi and 9.83% Hindi as their first language. Hindi is predominantly spoken in urban areas.[34]
Health
The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Jalandhar, as of year 2020.
Indicators | Number of children (<5 years) | Percent (2020) | Percent (2016) |
---|---|---|---|
Stunted | 38,536 | 25% | 29% |
Wasted | 15,967 | 10% | 17% |
Severely wasted | 6,834 | 4% | 6% |
Underweight | 25,877 | 17% | 25% |
Overweight/obesity | 2,827 | 2% | 1% |
Anemia | 96,595 | 69% | 60% |
Total children | 155,323 |
The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Jalandhar of women between the ages of 15 to 49 years, as of year 2020.
Indicators | Number of women (15–49 years) | Percent (2020) | Percent (2016) |
---|---|---|---|
Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m^2) | 85,534 | 12% | 7% |
Overweight/obesity | 347,827 | 48% | 27% |
Hypertension | 234,262 | 33% | 12% |
Diabetes | 128,120 | 18% | NA |
Anemia (non-preg) | 412,752 | 57% | 54% |
Anemia (preg) | NA | NA | 49% |
Total women (preg) | 35,199 | ||
Total women | 720,586 |
Economy
Jalandhar has a major sports items manufacturing industry. It produces around 90% of all sports items produced in Punjab.[36]
Notable people
- Hoon Balakram, a mathematician, civil servant and Bombay High Court judge
- nuclear physicist and professor and receiver of Padam Shri
- Indian-British medical doctor and prominent researcher in the field of ophthalmology, known for discovery of a previously unknown layer of the human cornea now called Dua's layer
- immunologist, known for his contributions to experimental protozoologyand immunology
- neurosurgeon, academician, public health administrator, secretary general of the Indian Red Cross Society and recipient of Padam Bhushanaward
- Satinder Singh, a 400-meter hurdle athlete
- Fauja Singh, a British marathon runner
- Davinder Singh Kang, a javelin throw athlete
- Diljit Dosanjh, a singer and actor
- IAS officer who served as 21st Chief Election Commissioner of Indiafrom 6 July 2017 to 23 January 2018
- Dilbagh Singh, the head of the Indian Air Force from 1981 to 1984, as Chief of the Air Staff
- Ramesh Chander IFS - Former Ambassador of India to Belarus
- Malkiat Singh (IPS) - Former DGP and Chairman UPPSC
- Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota - Former DGP Punjab Police
References
- ^ "Jalandhar Division". Jalandhar District Portal. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908
- ^ Harish Dhillon, Janamsakhis, Ageless Stories, Timeless Values, Hay House, 2015
- ^ a b c Sir William Wilson Hunter, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Trübner & Company, 1885, p.85
- ^ Cannon, Cannon & Cunningham (1883), pp. 103
- ^ James, C. H., Report on the outbreak of plague in the Jullundur and Hoshiarpur districts of the Punjab, 1897-98, 1898
- ^ a b J. S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab, Volumes 2-3, Cambridge University Press, 1998
- ^ ISBN 978-1-349-20942-2. Archivedfrom the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ "Welcome to Official Website of Jalandhar Divisional Commissioner, Punjab". commissionerjalandhar.gov.in.
- ^ "Constituencies | Jalandhar Web Portal | India".
- Census of India, 2011.
- Census of India, 2011.
- Census of India, 2011.
- ^ "Village Population per Census India". censusindia.gov.in.
- Census of India, 2011.
- ^ "Mianwal Araian Village Population - Shahkot - Jalandhar, Punjab".
- ^ "Sagarpur Village Population - Phillaur - Jalandhar, Punjab". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- ^ "Sarnana Population - Jalandhar, Punjab". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "Sundar Tatar Population per Census 2011". census2011.co.in.
- ^ "Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901".
- ^ a b c d e f "District Census Hand Book – Jalandhar" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Latvia 2,204,708, July 2011 est.
- ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
New Mexico - 2,059,179
- ^ "District-wise Decadal Sex ratio in Punjab". Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "District-wise Rural and Urban Child Population (0-6 years) and their sex ratio in Punjab". Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
- ^ a b c "Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ a b https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-07/Jalandhar-Punjab.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Jalandhar Industries".
- ^ 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis