Jamaat-e-Islami
| جماعتِ اسلامی | |
 Jamaat-e-Islami in Arabic calligraphy | |
| Successor |
|
|---|---|
| Founded | 1941 |
| Founder | Anti-liberalism[2] |
| Affiliations | Muslim Brotherhood[2] |
| Part of a series on Islamism |
|---|
 Politics portal |
Jamaat-e-Islami (
Along with the Muslim Brotherhood, founded in 1928, Jamaat-e-Islami was one of the original and most influential Islamist organisations,[5] and the first of its kind to develop an ideology based on the modern revolutionary conception of Islam.[6] This movement still has a significant legacy.
The group split into separate independent organisations in
Islam is the ideology of the Jamaat-e-Islami. Its structure is based on its belief on the three-fold concept of the Oneness and sovereignty of God (Monotheism), the Concept of Prophethood and the Concept of Life after Death. From these fundamentals of belief follow the concepts of unity of all mankind, the purposefulness of man's life, and the universality of the way of life taught by the Muhammed.[8]
It was the first organised Islamic reformist movement in the Indian subcontinent formed on 26 August 1941 in Lahore under the leadership of Syed Abul Ala Maududi, the Jamaat Addressed all Indians regardless of caste and creed. It appeals to all sections of humanity to eschew the path of violence and mutual hatred, terrorism and oppression, and to settle down to the task of building a Righteous Society on stable and abiding foundations. From its very inception it advocated the cause of the Righteous Way, the way of peace and abiding well-being. It recalls to the Indian mind the message and teachings of all apostles, prophets and divine messengers.[8]
The Jamaat believes that Islam and Muslims have a special commitment to building a peaceful and prosperous world, a world where there is no material exploitation, no division of human life into separate material and spiritual domains, and where divine values hold good in all walks of life. A world where religion is no tool for hegemonisation, but is a way of life that is holistic and profoundly positive.[9]
Maududi was the creator and leader of Jamaat-e-Islami, which
Maududi believed politics was "an integral, inseparable part of the Islamic faith". Islamic ideology and non-Islamic ideologies (such as capitalism and socialism, liberalism or secularism) were mutually exclusive. The creation of an Islamic state would be not only be an act of piety but would be a cure for all of the many (seemingly non-religious) social and economic problems that Muslims faced.[13][14] Those working for an Islamic state would not stop at India or Pakistan but would effect a sweeping revolution among mankind, and control all aspects of the world's life.[15]
History
Maududi opposed British rule but also opposed both the anti-colonialist
At the time of the
In his view Muslims were not one religious or communal group among many working to advance their social and economic interests, but a group "based upon principles and upon a theory" or ideology. A "righteous" party (or community) that had "a clearly defined ideology, allegiance to a single leader, obedience, and discipline",[17] would be able to transform the whole of India into Dar al-Islam.[17] Unlike fascists and communists, once in power an Islamic state would not be oppressive or tyrannical, but instead just and benevolent to all, because its ideology was based on God's commands.[18][19]
In 1940, the Muslim League met in Lahore and passed the Lahore Resolution, calling for autonomous states in the Muslim majority areas of India. Maududi believed the nationalism in any form was un-Islamic, concerned with mundane interests of people and not Islam.[20] In response he launched his own party, Jamaat-e-Islami, founded on 26 August 1941, at Islamia Park, Lahore.[21] Seventy-five people attended the first meeting and became the first 75 members of the movement.
Maududi saw his group as a vanguard of Islamic revolution following the footsteps of early Muslims who
Maududi sought to educate the elite of the Muslim community in the principles of Islam and correct "their erroneous ways of thinking" both because he believed societies were influenced from the top down.[26]
During the years before the partition of India, Jamaat-e-Islami stood aloof from the intense political fights of the time in India, concentrating on "training and organising" and refining and strengthening the structure of Jamaat-e-Islami.[27]
Groups associated with Jamaat-e-Islami
- Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, based in Pakistan. In 1947, Jamaat-e-Islami moved its operations to West-Pakistan after Independence.[28]
- Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, based in India. Founded by Jamaat-e-Islami Members who remained in India after 1947 independence.
- Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir, in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It was formed in 1953 after the pro-plebiscite prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir was arrested by the Indian government.[29]
- genocide in Bangladesh at 1971.
- Tajik, the group was a major player in the "Peshawar Seven" during the jihad against Soviet military in the 1980s.[32]
- Jamaat-e-Islami party in Pakistan" and the "Islamic revivalist teachings of Abul A'la Maududi and others."[37]
- Supporters of Jammat-e Islami also have groups in other states.[38] According to The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism, Jamaat-e-Islami branches have followed Pakistani immigration to South Africa and Mauritius as well as the UK.[39]
See also
References
- ^ "Jamaat to launch nation-wide 'anti-imperialism' campaign". Zee News. 10 December 2009.
- ^ S2CID 253068552.
- ISBN 978-0-415-33140-1.
As is well known, Jamaat-e-Islami was formed in undivided India in 1941 by Syed Abul Ala Maududi (1903–1979) to establish Hukumat-e-Ilahiya, God's governance.
- JSTOR 602213.
- ISBN 9780674291409.
- ^ "Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Islamic Assembly Jamaat-e-Islami-e-Pakistan (JIP)". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
- ^ a b Haqqani, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, 2010: p.171
- ^ a b "About Jamaat". Jamaat-e-Islami Hind. 22 June 2012. Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ^ "History". Jamaat-e-Islami Hind. 16 July 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-58901-463-3.
In the debate over whether Muslims should establish their own state, separate from a Hindu India, Maududi initially argued against such a creation and asserted that the establishment of a political Muslim state defined by borders violated the idea of the universal umma. Citizenship and national borders, which would characterize the new Muslim state, contradicted the notion that Muslims should not be separated by one another by these temporal boundaries. In this milieu, Maududi founded the organization Jama'at-i Islamic. The Jama'at for its first few years worked actively to prevent the partition, but once partition became inevitable, it established offices in both Pakistan and India.
- ^ Ruthven, Malise (2000). Islam in the World (2nd ed.). Penguin. pp. 329–1.
- ^ Adams, Charles J (1983). "Mawdudi and the Islamic State". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). Voices of Resurgent Islam. Oxford University Press. pp. 106–7.
- ^ a b Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: on the Trail of Political Islam. Belknap Press. p. 34.
- ^ ISBN 9780520083691.
- ^ Adams, Charles J (1983). "Mawdudi and the Islamic State". In Esposito, John (ed.). Voices of Resurgent Islam. Oxford University Press. pp. 105.
- ^ Malik, Jamal. Islam in South Asia: A Short History. BRILL. p. 370.
- ^ a b Adams, Maududi and the Islamic State, 1983: p.104
- ^ Mortimer, Edward (1982). Faith and Power: The Politics of Islam. Vintage Books. p. 204.
- ^ Charles J. Adams (1966), "The Ideology of Mawlana Maududi" in D.E. Smith (ed.) South Asian Politics and Religion (Princeton) pp.375, 381–90.
- ^ Adams, Charles J (1983). "Mawdudi and the Islamic State". In Esposito, John (ed.). Voices of Resurgent Islam. Oxford University Press. pp. 104–5.
- ^ Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism, 2012:pli
- ^ Nasr, Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism, 1996: p.110
- ISBN 1845112571, 9781845112578.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World, Richard C. Martín, Granite Hill Publishers, 2004, p.371
- ISBN 1908433094, 9781908433091.
- ^ Adams, Charles J. (1983). "Maududi and the Islamic State". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). Voices of Resurgent Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 102.
- ^ Adams, "Maududi and the Islamic State", 1983: p.105-6
- ^ Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism, 2012:p.223
- ^ "Jama'at-e-Islami Jammu & Kashmir". Official website. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- ^
Mir, Raoof (2019), "Communicating Islam in Kashmir: Intersection of Religion and Media", Society and Culture in South Asia, 5 (1): 56–57, S2CID 158946261
- ^
Jamal, Arif (2009), Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir, Melville House, pp. 108–109, ISBN 978-1-933633-59-6
- ^ a b Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: on the trail of Political Islam. Belknap. p. 141.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, 2010: p.173
- ISBN 9781780761220. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ISBN 978-0-521-39700-1.
- ISBN 978-1-84779-958-6.
- ^ "UK Islamic Mission conference". August 1994 Vol. II, No. 8, p. 6/7. British Muslims Monthly Survey. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ^ "Abul A'ala Maududi Forum - Sri Lanka". 26 May 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
- ISBN 9780231146401. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
- Adams, Charles J. (1983). "Maududi and the Islamic State". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). Voices of Resurgent Islam. Oxford University Press.
- Haqqani, Hussain (2010). Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military. Carnegie Endowment. ISBN 9780870032851.
- Guidere, M. (2012). Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810879652.
