Slumdog Millionaire
Slumdog Millionaire | |
---|---|
Directed by | |
Screenplay by | Simon Beaufoy |
Based on | Q & A by Vikas Swarup |
Produced by | Christian Colson |
Starring | |
Cinematography | Anthony Dod Mantle |
Edited by | Chris Dickens |
Music by | A. R. Rahman |
Production companies |
|
Distributed by | Pathé Distribution[iii] |
Release dates |
|
Running time | 120 minutes[1] |
Country | United Kingdom[2][3][4] |
Language | English |
Budget | $15 million[5] |
Box office | $378.4 million[5] |
Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 British drama film that is a loose adaptation of the novel Q & A (2005) by Indian author Vikas Swarup. It narrates the story of 18-year-old Jamal Malik from the Juhu slums of Mumbai.[6] Starring Dev Patel in his film debut as Jamal, and filmed in India, it was directed by Danny Boyle,[7] written by Simon Beaufoy, and produced by Christian Colson, with Loveleen Tandan credited as co-director.[8] As a contestant on Kaun Banega Crorepati, an Indian-Hindi version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Jamal surprises everyone by answering every question correctly so far, winning ₹1 crore (US$120,000), and he is one question away from winning the grand prize of ₹2 crore (US$240,000). Accused of cheating, he recounts his life story to the police, illustrating how he was able to answer each question.
After its world premiere at the
Plot
In 2006, 18-year-old Jamal Malik, an Indian Muslim from the Juhu slum of Mumbai, is a contestant on Kaun Banega Crorepati. Before answering the final ₹20 million question, he is detained and tortured by the police, who suspect him of cheating. Through a series of flashbacks, he recounts the incidents in his life that provided him with each answer.
At five years old, Jamal obtains the autograph of
The three children are found by Maman—a gangster who trains street children to become beggars. After learning that Maman is blinding the children to make them more effective beggars, Salim escapes with Jamal and Latika. The brothers successfully board a moving train, but Latika is unable to keep up. Salim grabs her hand but purposefully lets go as revenge for pulling a prank on him, leaving her to be recaptured by Maman. For the next few years, Salim and Jamal travel on top of trains, making a living by selling goods, pickpocketing, washing dishes, and pretending to be tour guides at the Taj Mahal. At Jamal's insistence, they return to Mumbai to find Latika and discover that Maman is raising her to be a prostitute. The brothers rescue her, Salim shooting Maman dead. Salim gets a job with Javed—a rival crime lord. In their room, Salim orders Jamal to leave him alone with Latika, presumably to sexually assault her. When Jamal refuses, Salim draws a gun on him, and Latika persuades Jamal to leave.
Years later, Jamal, now working as a
Jamal plays extremely well and becomes popular across India, much to the dismay of the show's host, Prem Kumar. Kumar attempts to trick Jamal by feeding him the wrong answer to the penultimate question. However, Jamal answers correctly, raising suspicion of him cheating.
When the episode ends, Jamal is arrested. After an initial beating, the police inspector listens to his explanation of how he knew each answer. The officer believes Jamal and allows him to return to the show. Latika sees that Jamal was arrested on the news. Feeling guilty about his past behaviour, Salim gives Latika his phone and car keys, asking her to forgive him. After Latika leaves, Salim fills a bathtub with money and sits in it, waiting for Javed to realise what happened.
For the final question, Jamal is asked the name of the third musketeer. Jamal admits to not knowing the answer and uses his "Phone-A-Friend" lifeline to call Salim because it is the only phone number he knows. Latika answers and tells Jamal that she is safe, but does not know the answer. Javed hears Latika on the show and realises that Salim betrayed him. He and his men break down the bathroom door. Salim kills Javed before being shot and killed by the gang. Relieved about Latika, Jamal guesses and picks the first answer, Aramis. He is correct and wins the grand prize. Jamal and Latika meet on the platform at the train station, kiss, and dance to the song "Jai Ho" along with all the other characters.
Cast
-
- Ayush Mahesh Khedekar as youngest Jamal
- Tanay Chheda as middle Jamal
- Freida Pinto as Latika, a girl from the streets who joins Jamal and Salim, then disappears; Jamal spends years hunting for her. Pinto was an Indian model who had not starred in a feature film.[13] Regarding the "one of a kind" scarf she wears, designer Suttirat Anne Larlarb says, "I wanted to bookend the journey—to tie her childhood yellow dress to her final look."[15]
- Rubina Ali as youngest Latika
- Tanvi Ganesh Lonkar as middle Latika
- Madhur Mittal as Salim Malik, Jamal's elder brother
- Azharuddin Mohammed Ismail as youngest Salim
- Ashutosh Lobo Gajiwala as middle Salim
- Anil Kapoor as Prem Kumar, the game show host. Boyle initially wanted Indian actor Shah Rukh Khan to play the role.[16] Khan had hosted the 2007 series of Kaun Banega Crorepati. Kapoor has also starred as a guest on the show with Amitabh Bachchan and won Rs 5,000,000.
- Irrfan Khan as Police Inspector
- Saurabh Shukla as Police Constable Srinivas
- Mahesh Manjrekar as Javed Khan, the crime boss
- Ankur Vikal as Maman, the rival crime boss and child kidnapper
- Rajendranath Zutshi as Millionaireshow producer
- Sanchita Choudhary as Jamal's and Salim's mother
- Mia Drake Inderbitzin as Adele, an American tourist
- Siddhesh Patil as Arvind, blind beggar
- Shruti Seth as Call Center Instructor
- Arfi Lamba as Bardi
- Anjum Sharma as one of the call center operators
Production
Screenwriter
By the summer of 2006, British production companies
Gail Stevens came on board to oversee casting globally. Stevens had worked with Boyle throughout his career and was well known for discovering new talent. Meredith Tucker was appointed to cast out of the US. The filmmakers then travelled to
In addition to Swarup's original novel Q & A, the film was also inspired by
Boyle has cited other Indian films as influences in later interviews.
The producer's first choice for the role of Prem Kumar was Shahrukh Khan,[31] an established Bollywood star and host of the 2007 series of Kaun Banega Crorepati (the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?). However, Khan turned down the role, concerned that he did not want to give his audience the impression that the real show was a fraud by playing a fraudulent host in the movie.[32] Despite the film's success, Khan said that he does not regret turning down the role,[31] and has been a vociferous supporter of the film to its critics.[33] Paul Smith, the executive producer of Slumdog Millionaire and the chairman of Celador Films, previously owned the international rights to Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?[34]
The
Soundtrack
The Slumdog Millionaire soundtrack was composed by
Release
Theatrical
In August 2007,
Home media
The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United States on 31 March 2009. It opened at No. 2 in the DVD sales chart, making $14.16m from 842,000 DVD units.[40] As of 12 November 2009, an estimated 1,964,962 DVD units have been sold, for $31.32m in revenue. This figure does not include Blu-ray sales/DVD rentals.[40] It had previously been announced that 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment would be starting a new marketing program with two versions of each release: a stripped-down minimal version for the rental market, and a traditional full version with "bonus extra" features, such as commentary and "making of" material, for the retail market. The release production was mixed up; some full versions were shipped in rental cases, and some retail versions were missing the extras despite their being listed on the box. Public apologies were issued by Fox and Amazon.[41]
In the United Kingdom, the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 1 June 2009. It was 2009's fifth best-selling film on
Reception
Box office
Following its success at the
North America
Slumdog Millionaire was first shown at the Telluride Film Festival on 30 August 2008, where it was positively received, generating "strong buzz".[45] It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2008, where it was the festival's "first widely acknowledged popular success",[46] winning the People's Choice Award.[47] It debuted with a limited North American release on 12 November 2008, followed by a nationwide US release on 23 January 2009.[5]
After debuting on a Wednesday, the film grossed $360,018 in 10 theatres in its first weekend, a strong average of $36,002 per theatre.[48][40] In its second weekend, it expanded to 32 theatres and made $947,795, or an average of $29,619 per theatre, representing a drop of only 18%.[48] In the 10 original theatres of its release, viewership went up 16%, and this is attributed to strong word-of-mouth.[49] The film expanded into wide release on 25 December 2008 at 614 theatres and earned $5,647,007 over the extended Christmas weekend.[5] Following its success at the 81st Academy Awards, the film's earnings increased by 43%,[50] the most for any film since Titanic.[51] In the weekend of 27 February to 1 March, it reached its widest release at 2,943 theatres.[5] It has grossed over $140 million at the North American box office.[5]
Europe
The film was released in the United Kingdom on 9 January 2009, and opened at #2 at the UK box office.[52] It reached #1 in its second weekend and set a UK box office record, as the film's earnings increased by 47%, the "biggest ever increase for a UK saturation release," breaking "the record previously held by Billy Elliot's 13%". This record-breaking "ticket surge" in the second weekend came after Slumdog Millionaire won four Golden Globes and received eleven BAFTA nominations. It grossed £6.1 million in its first eleven days in the UK.[53] Its earnings increased by another 7% the following weekend, bringing its total gross up to £10.24 million for its first 17 days in the UK,[54][55] and up to £14.2 million in its third week.[56]
As of 20 February 2009, the film's UK box office gross was £22,973,110, making it "the eighth biggest hit at UK cinemas of the past 12 months."[57] In the week ending 1 March 2009, following its success at the 81st Academy Awards where it won eight Oscars, the film returned to No. 1 at the UK box office,[58] grossing £26 million as of 2 March 2009.[59] As of 17 May 2009, the total UK gross was over £31.6 million.[60] It topped the UK box office for four weeks, more than any other film in 2009 (longer than Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which spent three weeks at the top). It was the year's highest-grossing drama film in the UK, and the year's highest-grossing film rated 15 by the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC). The film's UK audience demographic breakdown was 50% male and 50% female, with 80% under 55 and 20% over 55, and 32% in London.[42] It became the highest-grossing British independent film ever at the UK box office, surpassing Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994),[42][43] as well as the 20th highest-grossing British film ever at the UK box office and the highest-grossing domestic British film ever without US studio investment.[43]
The film's success at the Academy Awards led to large increases in earnings elsewhere in Europe the following week. Its biggest single-country increase was in Italy, where it was up 556% from the previous week. Its earnings in France and Spain also increased by 61% and 73% respectively. During the same week, the film debuted in other European countries with successful openings: in Croatia it grossed $170,419 from ten screens, making it the biggest opening there in the previous four months; and in Poland it opened in second place with a gross of $715,677. It was released in Sweden on 6 March 2009 and in Germany on 19 March 2009.[44] It has sold 17,807,302 box office tickets in Europe as of 2020[update].[61]
India
In India, the
Fox Searchlight, with
A few analysts have offered their opinions about the film's performance at the Indian box office. Trade analyst Komal Nahta commented, "There was a problem with the title itself. Slumdog is not a familiar word for [the] majority [of] Indians." In addition, trade analyst Amod Mehr has stated that with the exception of Anil Kapoor, the film lacks recognisable stars and that "the film... is not ideally suited for Indian sentiment." A cinema owner commented that "to hear slum boys speaking perfect English doesn't seem right but when they are speaking in Hindi, the film seems much more believable." The dubbed Hindi version, Slumdog Crorepati, did better at the box office, and additional copies of that version were released.[71] Following the film's success at the 81st Academy Awards, the film's takings in India increased by 470% the following week, bringing its total up to $6.3 million that week.[44] As of 15 March 2009, Slumdog Crorepati had grossed ₹158,613,802 (equivalent to ₹400 million or US$5.0 million in 2023) at the Indian box office.[citation needed]
Asia-Pacific
The film's success at the Academy Awards led to it seeing large increases in takings in the Asia-Pacific region. In Australia, the takings increased by 53%, bringing the film up to second place there.[44] In Hong Kong, the film debuted taking $1 million in its opening weekend, making it the second biggest opening of the year there.[44] The film was released in Japan on 18 April 2009, South Korea on 19 March 2009, China on 26 March 2009, Vietnam on 10 April 2009,[44] and 11 April 2009 in the Philippines.
In particular, the film was a major success in East Asia. In the People's Republic of China, the film grossed $2.2 million in its opening weekend (27–29 March). In Japan, the film grossed $12 million, the most the film has grossed in any Asian country.[72]
Accolades
Academy Awards record
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Best Picture, Christian Colson | |||||||
2. Best Director, Danny Boyle | |||||||
3. Best Adapted Screenplay, Simon Beaufoy | |||||||
4. Best Cinematography, Anthony Dod Mantle | |||||||
5. Best Film Editing, Chris Dickens | |||||||
6. Best Original Score, A. R. Rahman | |||||||
7. Best Original Song – "Jai Ho", music by A. R. Rahman, lyric by Gulzar (lyricist) | |||||||
8. | |||||||
BAFTA Awards record | |||||||
1. Best Film, Christian Colson | |||||||
2. Best Director, Danny Boyle | |||||||
3. Best Adapted Screenplay, Simon Beaufoy | |||||||
4. Best Cinematography, Anthony Dod Mantle | |||||||
5. Best Film Music , A. R. Rahman
| |||||||
6. Best Editing, Chris Dickens | |||||||
7. Best Sound, Glenn Freemantle, Resul Pookutty, Richard Pyke, Tom Sayers, Ian Tapp | |||||||
Golden Globe Awards record | |||||||
1. Best Picture – Drama | |||||||
2. Best Director , Danny Boyle
| |||||||
3. Best Screenplay, Simon Beaufoy | |||||||
4. Best Original Score, A. R. Rahman | |||||||
Goya Awards (Spain) | |||||||
1. Best European Film |
Slumdog Millionaire was critically acclaimed and named in the top ten lists of various newspapers.
It was also the first film shot using
In 2010, the Independent Film & Television Alliance selected the film as one of the 30 Most Significant Independent Films of the last 30 years.[81]
Critical response
Outside of India, Slumdog Millionaire was met with critical acclaim. The film holds a 91% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 290 reviews, with an average score of 8.4/10. The consensus reads, "Visually dazzling and emotionally resonant, Slumdog Millionaire is a film that's both entertaining and powerful."[82] On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 86 out of 100, based on 36 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[83] Movie City News shows that the film appeared in 123 different top ten lists, out of 286 different critics lists surveyed, the 4th most mentions on a top ten list of any film released in 2008.[84]
Anthony Lane of the New Yorker stated, "There is a mismatch here. Boyle and his team, headed by the director of photography, Anthony Dod Mantle, clearly believe that a city like Mumbai, with its shifting skyline and a population of more than fifteen million, is as ripe for storytelling as Dickens's London [...] At the same time, the story they chose is sheer fantasy, not in its glancing details but in its emotional momentum. How else could Boyle get away with assembling his cast for a Bollywood dance number, at a railroad station, over the closing credits? You can either chide the film, at this point, for relinquishing any claim to realism or you can go with the flow—surely the wiser choice."[89] Colm Andrew of the Manx Independent was also full of praise, saying the film "successfully mixes hard-hitting drama with uplifting action and the Who Wants To Be a Millionaire show is an ideal device to revolve events around".[90] Several other reviewers have described Slumdog Millionaire as a Bollywood-style "masala" movie,[91] due to the way the film combines "familiar raw ingredients into a feverish masala"[92] and culminates in "the romantic leads finding each other."[93]
Other critics offered more mixed reviews. For example, Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film three out of five stars, stating that "despite the extravagant drama and some demonstrations of the savagery meted out to India's street children, this is a cheerfully undemanding and unreflective film with a vision of India that, if not touristy exactly, is certainly an outsider's view; it depends for its full enjoyment on not being taken too seriously." He also pointed out that the film is co-produced by Celador, who own the rights to the original Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and claimed that "it functions as a feature-length product placement for the programme."[4]
A few critics outright panned it.
Reactions from India and the Indian diaspora
Slumdog Millionaire has been a subject of discussion among a variety of people in India and the
Academic criticism
The film has been subject to serious academic criticism. Mitu Sengupta (2009 and 2010) raises substantial doubts about both the realism of the film's portrayal of urban poverty in India and whether the film will assist those arguing for the poor. Rather, Sengupta argues the film's "reductive view" of such slums is likely to reinforce negative attitudes to those who live there. The film is therefore likely to support policies that have tended to further dispossess the slum dwellers in terms of material goods, power and dignity. The film, it is also suggested, celebrates characters and places that might be seen as symbolic of Western culture and models of development.[98][99] Ana Cristina Mendes (2010) places Boyle's film in the context of the aestheticising and showcasing of poverty in India for artistic (and commercial) purposes, and proceeds to examine "the modes of circulation of these representations in the field of cultural production, as well as their role in enhancing the processes of ever-increasing consumption of India-related images."[100]
However, there are others who point to the changing urban aspirations and prospects for mobility that can be seen in Indian cities such as Mumbai in which the film is set. The film is seen by D. Parthasarathy (2009) as reflecting a larger context of global cultural flows, which implicates issues of labour, status, ascription-achievement, and poverty in urban India. Parthasarathy (2009) argues for a better understanding of issues of dignity of labour and that the film should be interpreted in a more nuanced way as reflecting the role of market forces and India's new service economy in transforming the caste and status determined opportunity structure in urban India.[101]
Academic criticism has also been extended to the underlying philosophy of the film, with its apparent
Notes
- Anurag Kashyap.
- (2007).
- Fox Searchlight Pictures distributed Slumdog Millionaire theatrically in the United States under a shared distribution agreement with Warner Bros. Pictures;[39] Pathé themselves distributed the film in its native United Kingdom, the studio's native France and through their own distribution division in Switzerland named Monopole-Pathé[103]while other independent distributors released the film in other territories.
See also
- List of Indian winners and nominees of the Golden Globe Awards
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Following its success with "Slumdog Millionaire", Fox Star Studios India...
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External links
- Slumdog Millionaire at IMDb
- Slumdog Millionaire at the American Film Institute Catalog
- Slumdog Millionaire at AllMovie
- Slumdog Millionaire at Box Office Mojo
- Slumdog Millionaire at Metacritic
- Slumdog Millionaire at Rotten Tomatoes
- Review Essay in Visual Anthropology: Virtue Ethics of Boot Polish and Dosti, as Compared with Slumdog Millionaire