James E. Bowman
James E. Bowman | |
---|---|
Born | James Edward Bowman Jr. February 5, 1923 MD) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Pathology and Genetics |
Institutions | University of Chicago Medical School MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics |
James Edward Bowman Jr. (February 5, 1923 – September 28, 2011) was an American physician and specialist in pathology, hematology, and genetics.[1][2] He was a professor of pathology and genetics at the Pritzker School of Medicine at the University of Chicago. He published more than ninety works across the fields of human genetics; population genetics; and ethical, legal and public policy issues in human genetics.[3] He received many awards, including the Chicago African American History Makers Award and recognition from the Hastings Center and Stanford’s Kaiser Family Foundation, and Howard University.[4][5][6]
Early life and education
James Edward Bowman was born on February 5, 1923, in Washington, D.C., the eldest of five children
Career
Following residency, Bowman served as chair of pathology at Provident Hospital in Chicago.
In Iran, Bowman saw many diseases for the first time. "I saw smallpox, brucellosis, rabies, all sorts of things," he said. One of the most common diseases among certain ethnic groups in Iran was glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency favism, an Inborn error of metabolism metabolic disease caused by an enzyme deficiency in red blood cells. The mutation, which is the most common human enzyme defect, renders those who have it unable to break down a toxin found in fava beans. This led to a series of important discoveries about the genetics of inherited blood diseases and the populations they affect, especially in the Middle East, Africa and America. It enabled him to travel all over the world collecting blood samples for DNA testing. It also led to frequent contacts and collaborations with University of Chicago researchers, who had first described the enzyme deficiency (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, or G6PD) and its connection with antimalarial medications.[11]
Bowman joined the faculty of the University of Chicago in 1962 as assistant professor of medicine and pathology and director of the hospital's blood bank. He was promoted to full professor and director of laboratories in 1971. From 1973 to 1984, he directed the university's Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, funded by the National Institutes of Health. He was a member of the national advisory group that urged the Nixon administration to initiate the inception of the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, which served as a model of patient-centered disease management and research. He also served as assistant dean of students for minority affairs for the Pritzker School of Medicine from 1986 to 1990.[8]
In 1972, Bowman stated that mandatory sickle cell screening laws were "more harmful than beneficial." These laws could "revive many of the past misadventures and racism of eugenics movements," he argued at the time, adding that adult screening programs create "inaccurate, misleading, politically motivated propaganda which has left mothers frantic." In 1973, he was named to two federal review committees designed to oversee sickle cell screening and education and to evaluate laboratory diagnostic techniques.[8]
He was the first tenured
Personal life
Bowman was married to educator Barbara Bowman and they had one daughter, Valerie Bowman Jarrett,[8] who was a Senior Advisor to President Barack Obama.
Bowman died of cancer on September 28, 2011, at the University of Chicago Medical Center, at the age of 88.[7]
Selected publications
Bowman published numerous articles and books, including:
Books
- James E. Bowman; ISBN 978-0-8018-5884-0.
- James E. Bowman (1983). Distribution and Evolution of Hemoglobin and Globin Loci. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center Symposium on the Distribution and Evolution of Hemoglobin and Globin Loci at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., October 10–12, 1982. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-00793-3.
Journal articles
- James E. Bowman; Robert R. Brubaker; Henri Frischer; Paul E. Carson (September 1967). "Characterization of Enterobacteria by Starch-Gel Electrophoresis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase". PMID 5340676.
- Shaw, Richard F.; Ruth Winter Bloom; James E. Bowman (September 1977). "Hemoglobin and the genetic code: Evolution of Protection against Somatic Mutation". S2CID 22791671.
- James E. Bowman (May 1989). "Legal and Ethical Issues in Newborn Screening". S2CID 5438059.
- James E. Bowman (March 1991). "Prenatal screening for hemoglobinopathies". American Journal of Human Genetics. 48 (3): 433–438. PMID 1998329.
- James E. Bowman (1998). "Minority Health Issues and Genetics". Community Genetics — Public Health Genomics. 1 (3): 142–144. S2CID 20895819.
- James E. Bowman; S2CID 13474385.
- James E. Bowman (June 2000). "Technical, Genetic, and Ethical Issues in Screening and Testing of African-Americans for Hemochromatosis". Genetic Testing. 4 (2): 207–212. PMID 10953961.
- James E. Bowman (Autumn 2001). "Genetic Medicine: A Logic of Disease (review)". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 44 (4). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 617–618. S2CID 72446596.
See also
- List of African American inventors and scientists
Notes
- ^ Terry, Don (July 27, 2008). "Insider has Obama's ear: What's she telling him?". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 11, 2008. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
- ^ a b "The Bowman Society". Pritzker Pulse. Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago. Spring 2005. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
- ^ "Dr. James Bowman's Biography". The HistoryMakers. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
- ^ "African-American History Makers". Jet. 113: 14. March 10, 2008.
- ^ "Howard to Honor 6". The Washington Informer. February 9, 1983.
- ^ "James Bowman, expert on pathology and blood diseases, 1923-2011". University of Chicago News. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
- ^ a b "The Longest Way Round Is the Shortest Way Home". Medicine on the Midway. 65 (1). University of Chicago: 24–30. Summer 2012. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "Dr. James Bowman Biography". MedicalMakers. The HistoryMakers. September 27, 2002. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
- ^ Stated on Finding Your Roots, Season 2: The Official Companion to the PBS Series, by Henry Louis Gates Jr., 2015
- ^ reporter, Dawn Rhodes, Tribune. "Dr. James E. Bowman, 1923-2011". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Easton, John (September 29, 2011). "James Bowman, expert on pathology and blood diseases, 1923-2011". UChicagoNews. University of Chicago.
- ^ "A Legacy of Diversity & Inclusion". Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago. Retrieved December 25, 2016.