James Leonard Corning

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James Leonard Corning
James Leonard Corning, American neurologist
Born1855
Stamford, Connecticut, United States
Died1923 (aged 67–68)
NationalityAmerican
CitizenshipUnited States
Known forfirst demonstration of neuraxial blockade
Scientific career
Fieldsneurology

James Leonard Corning (1855 – 1923) was an American neurologist, mainly known for his early experiments on neuraxial blockade in New York City.

Education

Corning was born in Stamford, Connecticut. When the American Civil War began in 1861, Corning's family moved to Stuttgart, Germany. Corning studied chemistry at the Stuttgart Polytechnic Institute under Hermann von Fehling. He later studied physiology at Heidelberg University under Wilhelm Kühne, and pathology at the University of Würzburg. After receiving his medical degree in 1878, he left Germany and visited Vienna, Paris, and London before finally returning to the United States.[1]

Neuraxial blockade

In 1884,

spinous processes of the lower lumbar vertebrae, first in a dog and then in a healthy man.[3][4] His experiments are the first published descriptions of the principle of neuraxial blockade.[1]

Controversy

On August 16, 1898, German surgeon August Bier (1861–1949) performed surgery under spinal anesthesia in Kiel.[5] Following the publication of Bier's experiments in 1899, a controversy developed about whether Bier or Corning performed the first successful spinal anesthetic.[6][7]

There is no doubt that Corning's experiments preceded those of Bier. The controversy centers around whether Corning's injection was a

subarachnoid space.[7] Finally, Corning was incorrect in his theory on the mechanism of action of cocaine on the spinal nerves and spinal cord. He proposed – mistakenly – that the cocaine was absorbed into the venous circulation and subsequently transported to the spinal cord.[7]

Although Bier properly deserves credit for the introduction of spinal anesthesia into the clinical practice of medicine, it was Corning who created the experimental conditions that ultimately led to the development of both spinal and epidural anesthesia.[7]

He published one of the first books on local anesthesia and the first textbook on pain.[8][9]

Other work

During his career, Corning published at least forty articles and five books on topics relating to neurology and psychiatry.

partial seizures,[10] and also as an adjunctive treatment for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder in adults.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 31624731
    .
  2. ^ Koller, K (1884). "Über die verwendung des kokains zur anästhesierung am auge" [On the use of cocaine for anesthesia on the eye]. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (in German). 34: 1276–1309.
  3. ^ Corning, JL (1885). "Spinal anaesthesia and local medication of the cord". New York Medical Journal. 42: 483–5.
  4. ^ Corning, JL (1888). "A further contribution on local medication of the spinal cord, with cases". New York Medical Record: 291–3.
  5. S2CID 41966814
    .
  6. S2CID 31186270
    .
  7. ^
    PMID 7848956
    .
  8. ^ Corning, JL (1886). Local anesthesia in General Medicine and Surgery. New York: Appleton.
  9. ^ Corning, JL (1894). Pain in its neuro-pathological, diagnostic, medicolegal, and neuro-therapeutic relations. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
  10. PMID 11839848
    .
  11. ^ FDA Summary of VNS Data

Further reading

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