James Melville Babington

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Sir James Melville Babington
War Cross for Military Valor
(Italy)

First World War,[3] in command of the 23rd Division
. After the war he was Commander of the British Forces in Italy.

General Babington's image was chosen by Paul McCartney and used by the Beatles to depict the fictional "Sgt. Pepper" for the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in 1967.[4]

Biography

Babington was born in

Sir Anthony Babington.[5]

In 1873, Babington was commissioned as a lieutenant in the

Sir Charles Warren on the Bechuanaland Expedition, where he was "honourably mentioned". From January 1889 to July 1890, Captain Babington was Aide-de-camp to Sir Evelyn Wood when the latter was commanding at Aldershot. This post was both a liberal military education and a marked compliment to the Lancer's ability: Sir Evelyn was known to surround himself with only the most capable of officers. Returning as a major to regimental duty, Babington succeeded to the command of the 16th Lancers in 1892. From 1896 to 1899 he was Assistant Adjutant-General in India. Returning to England he was Staff Commander of the Cavalry Brigade at Aldershot
.

During the Second Boer War, Babington commanded the 1st Cavalry Brigade. He took part in the Battle of Magersfontein on 10–11 December 1899, in which the defending Boer force defeated the advancing British forces amongst heavy casualties for the latter. Babington was mentioned in the despatch from Lord Methuen describing the battle.[8] In February 1900 he was severely criticised for his part in the battle of Koodoosberg. Richard Danes reports:

"So Macdonald’s plan failed. Not by any fault of his own, but purely owing to the fact that Brigadier-General Babington declined to hurry his cattle. FieldMarshal Lord Roberts liked men who could move when movement was necessary, and the first thing he did on hearing of Babington’s failure was to supersede him in his command."[9]

He was regarded as an expert in the management and deployment of every sort of mounted troop,[10] and he later gained many a decisive victory in South Africa, earning himself a name to be feared among the Boers.[10] He left South Africa in September 1901, returning to England in early October.[11]

From 1902 to 1907, he was in New Zealand as Commander of the

16th/5th Lancers
(1922 to death).

On the outbreak of the

First World War he was given the command of the 23rd Division, part of Kitchener's Army. He was then described[13] as "an elderly but fearless man who was universally popular". Under him, the 23rd became known as "a remarkably hard-fighting and efficient division".[14][13] He was one of only a few commanding officers who saw to it that his men were properly kitted out, obtaining approval to spend £17,000 on clothing, and sending two officers to the north of England before the Division went overseas to buy 20,000 sets of underclothes and boots.[13] Following the war he was Commander of the British Forces in Italy. He retired with the rank of lieutenant general
.

He held the French

Croce di Guerra. He was a Commander of the Legion of Honour and an Officer of the Military Order of Savoy.[15]

Babington lived at Pinnacle Hill, near Kelso, Roxburghshire, which his family came to through the Maitlands of Penpont. He married Eleanor Lawson (1868–1943), daughter of Thomas James Lawson of Veteran Hall, Prospect, New South Wales. Their son, Geoffrey Babington (1902–1956), married Lady Anne Katherine Granville Scrope Egerton (1908–1964), daughter of John Egerton, 4th Earl of Ellesmere, and sister of the 6th Duke of Sutherland.[16]

References

  1. ^ Genealogy page Archived 28 July 2012 at archive.today, retrieved 25 August 2011.
  2. ^ "Babington Chasing the Boers". The Examiner. 6 May 1901. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  3. ^ Kitchener's Army: The Raising of the New Armies 1914 1916 by Peter Simkins
  4. ^ Marinucci, Steve (13 May 2017). "Who's the Real Sgt. Pepper? New Beatles Book Unveils Identity of Soldier Seen on Album Cover".
  5. ^ Burke's Landed Gentry by John Burke & family, et al.
  6. ^ "Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives". King's College London.
  7. ^ Robertson 1921, p2
  8. ^ "No. 27174". The London Gazette. 16 March 1900. pp. 1785–1787.
  9. ^ Danes, Richard (1903). Cassell's History of the Boer War 1899-1902. London. pp. 563–6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ a b A History of British Cavalry: Volume 4: 1899-1913 by Lord Anglesey
  11. ^ "The War – return of troops". The Times. No. 36578. London. 5 October 1901. p. 10.
  12. ^ "No. 27390". The London Gazette. 24 December 1901. p. 9066.
  13. ^ a b c Kitchener s Army: The Raising of the New Armies 1914 1916 by Peter Simkins
  14. ^ "First World War.com - Primary Documents - Sir Douglas Haig's 2nd Despatch (Somme), 23 December 1916". www.firstworldwar.com.
  15. ^ Quarterly Army List for the Quarter Ending 31 December 1919 by Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
  16. ^ "Person Page". www.thepeerage.com.

Books

External links
Honorary titles
New regiment Colonel of the
16th/5th Lancers

1922–1936 		Succeeded by
Sir
Hubert de la Poer Gough
Preceded by
William Thomas Dickson
 Colonel of the 16th The Queen's Lancers
1909–1922 		amalgamated to form
16th/5th Lancers
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