James T. Kirk
James T. Kirk | |
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Star Trek character | |
First appearance | "The Man Trap" (1966) (The Original Series) |
Created by | Gene Roddenberry |
Portrayed by |
Other:
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In-universe information | |
Full name | James Tiberius Kirk |
Title |
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Position |
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James Tiberius Kirk, commonly known as James T. Kirk or Captain Kirk, is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise. Originally played by Canadian actor William Shatner, Kirk first appeared in Star Trek serving aboard the starship USS Enterprise as captain. Kirk leads his crew as they explore new worlds, new civilizations, and "boldly go where no man has gone before". Often, the characters of Spock and Leonard "Bones" McCoy act as his logical and emotional sounding boards, respectively. Kirk has also been portrayed in numerous films, books, comics, webisodes, and video games.
Kirk first appears in the Star Trek episode "The Man Trap", broadcast on September 8, 1966, although the first episode recorded featuring Shatner was "Where No Man Has Gone Before". Shatner continued in the role for the show's three seasons, and later provided the voice of the animated version of Kirk in Star Trek: The Animated Series (1973–1974). Shatner returned to the role for Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979) and in six subsequent films.
American actor Chris Pine portrays an alternative young version of the character in the 2009 Star Trek film. Pine reprised his role in Star Trek Into Darkness (2013) and in Star Trek Beyond (2016). Paul Wesley portrays Kirk on the Paramount+ series Star Trek: Strange New Worlds, set prior to Kirk's captaincy of the Enterprise.[1] Other actors have played the character in fan-created media, and the character has been the subject of multiple spoofs and satires.
Biography
James Tiberius Kirk was born in
Kirk became the first and only student at
Kirk became
Roddenberry wrote in a production memo that Kirk is not afraid of being fallible, but rather is afraid of the consequences to his ship and crew should he make an error in judgment.[13] Roddenberry wrote:
[Kirk] has any normal man's insecurities and doubts, but he knows he cannot ever show them—except occasionally in private with ship's surgeon McCoy or in subsequent moments with Mr. Spock whose opinions Kirk has learned to value so highly.[13]
In Star Trek: The Motion Picture, Admiral Kirk is Chief of Starfleet Operations, and he takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Willard Decker.[4] Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry's novelization of The Motion Picture depicts Kirk married to a Starfleet officer killed during a transporter accident.[14][15] At the beginning of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, Kirk takes command of the Enterprise from Captain Spock to pursue his enemy from "Space Seed", Khan Noonien Singh. The movie introduces Kirk's former lover Carol and his son, David Marcus. Spock, who notes that "commanding a starship is [Kirk's] first, best destiny", dies at the end of Star Trek II. In Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, Admiral Kirk leads his surviving officers in a successful mission to rescue Spock from a planet on which he is reborn. Although Kirk is demoted to Captain in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home for disobeying Starfleet orders, he also receives command of a new Enterprise, the USS Enterprise-A (NCC 1701-A).[4] The ship is ordered decommissioned at the end of Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country.
In
Shatnerverse
Shatner has since written a series of novels featuring Kirk being brought back to life by a Borg-Romulan alliance to serve as an assassin against Picard, but he is restored to normal and returns to provisional active service in Starfleet, including opposing his Mirror Universe counterpart.
Kelvin Timeline
In this series,
.The series takes place in an alternate course of events known as the "Kelvin Timeline"[17] that reveal different origins for Kirk, the formation of his association with Spock, and how they came to serve together on the Enterprise.[18][19] Whereas The Original Series portrayed Kirk as having been born in Iowa, the Star Trek film portrays him being born on a shuttle escaping the starship USS Kelvin in an alternate timeline in which his father is killed when the Kelvin is attacked by a Romulan ship from the future.[18] In the film, George and Winona Kirk name their son James Tiberius after his maternal and paternal grandfathers, respectively.[20]
Although the film treats specific details from Star Trek as mutable, characterizations are meant to "remain the same"[21] though with Kirk being initially portrayed as "a reckless, bar-fighting rebel"[22] but who eventually matures.[23] According to Pine, the character is "a 25-year-old [who acts like a] 15-year-old" and who is "angry at the world",[24] until he enrolls in Starfleet Academy basically after being 'dared' by Captain Christopher Pike.
Kirk and Spock clash at Starfleet Academy, but, over the course of the film, Kirk focuses his "passion and obstinance and the spectrum of emotions" and becomes captain of the Enterprise.[18][24] He is also aided by a meeting with the time-displaced Spock of the original timeline, who inspires Kirk to live up to his full potential after learning about the parallel version of himself and his accomplishments as Captain in the elder Spock's timeline.
Development
Conception and television
Jeffrey Hunter played the commanding officer of the USS Enterprise, Captain Christopher Pike, in the rejected Star Trek television pilot "The Cage".[4] In developing a new pilot episode, called "Where No Man Has Gone Before", series creator Gene Roddenberry changed the captain's name to "James Kirk" after rejecting other options like Hannibal, Timber, Flagg and Raintree.[25] The episode title may have been inspired by Captain James Cook, whose journal entry "ambition leads me ... farther than any other man has been before me" inspired the episode title,[26] and became the series catch-phrase in the opening voice-over. The character is in part based on C. S. Forester's Horatio Hornblower hero,[27] and NBC wanted the show to emphasize the captain's "rugged individualism".[28] Roddenberry had previously used the middle name of Tiberius for the leading character in his earlier television series, The Lieutenant, which was to feature several actors who would later go on to be part of the production of Star Trek.
William Shatner tried to imbue the character with qualities of "awe and wonder" absent from "The Cage".[25] He also drew upon his experiences as a Shakespearean actor to invigorate the character, whose dialogue at times is laden with jargon.[29] Not only did Shatner take inspiration from Roddenberry's suggestion of Hornblower, but also from Alexander the Great – "the athlete and the intellectual of his time" – whom Shatner had played for an unsold television pilot two years earlier. In addition, the actor based Kirk partly on himself because "the fatigue factor [after weeks of daily filming] is such that you try to be as honest about yourself as possible".[30] A comedy veteran, Shatner suggested making the show's characters as comfortable working in space as they would be at sea, thus having Kirk be a humorous "good-pal-the-captain, who in time of need would snap to and become the warrior".[31] Changing the character to be "a man with very human emotions" also allowed for the development of the Spock character.[25] Shatner wrote that "Kirk was a man who marveled and greatly appreciated the endless surprises presented to him by the universe ... He didn't take things for granted and, more than anything else, respected life in every one of its weird weekly adventure forms".[25]
Films
Shatner did not expect Star Trek to be successful,[32] so when it was cancelled in 1969, he assumed it would be the end of his association with the franchise.[33] Following Star Trek's popularity after its cancelation, Shatner went on to voice Kirk in the animated Star Trek series,[7] star in the first seven Star Trek films,[4] and provide voice acting for several games.[34][35] Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan director and writer Nicholas Meyer, who had never seen an episode of Star Trek before he was assigned to direct,[36] conceived a "Hornblower in outer space" atmosphere, unaware that those books had been an influence on the show.[37][38] Meyer also emphasized parallels to Sherlock Holmes, in that both characters waste away in the absence of stimuli: new cases for Holmes; starship adventures for Kirk.[39]
Meyer's The Wrath of Khan script focuses on Kirk's age, with McCoy giving him a pair of glasses as a birthday present. The script states that Kirk is 49, but Shatner was unsure about being specific about Kirk's age[39] because he was hesitant to portray a middle-aged version of himself.[40] Shatner changed his mind when producer Harve Bennett convinced Shatner that he could age gracefully like Spencer Tracy.[40] Spock's sacrifice at the end of the film allows for Kirk's spiritual rebirth; after commenting earlier that he feels old and worn out, Kirk states in the final scene that he feels "young."[41] Additionally, Spock's self-sacrificing solution to the no-win Kobayashi Maru scenario, which Kirk had cheated his way through, forces Kirk to confront death and to grow as a character.[42]
Both Shatner and test audiences were dissatisfied that Kirk was fatally shot in the back in the original ending of the film
Franchise "reboot"
In Star Trek (2009), screenwriters Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci focused their story on Kirk and Spock in the movie's alternative timeline while attempting to preserve key character traits from the previous depictions.[49] Kurtzman said casting someone whose portrayal of Kirk would show that the character "is being honored and protected" was "tricky", but that the "spirit of Kirk is very much alive and well" in Pine's depiction.[50] Due to his belief that he could not take himself seriously as a leader, Pine recalled having difficulty with his audition, which required him "to bark 'Trek jargon'", but his charisma impressed director J. J. Abrams.[51] Pine's chemistry with Zachary Quinto, playing Spock, led Abrams to offer Pine the role.[51] Jimmy Bennett played Kirk in scenes depicting the character's childhood.[52] The writers turned to material from the novel Best Destiny for inspiration as to Kirk's childhood.[53]
In preparing to play Kirk, Pine decided to embrace the character's key traits – "charming, funny, leader of men" – rather than try to fit the "predigested image" of Shatner's portrayal.[54] Pine specifically did not try to mirror Shatner's cadence, believing that doing so would become "an impersonation".[55] Pine said he wanted his portrayal of Kirk to most resemble Harrison Ford's Indiana Jones or Han Solo characters, highlighting their humor and "accidental hero" traits.[56]
A misunderstanding arose during the film's production about the possibility of Shatner making a cameo appearance.[22] According to Abrams, the production team considered ways to resurrect Shatner's deceased Kirk character, but could not devise a way that was not "lame".[22] However, Abrams believed Shatner misinterpreted language about trying to get "him" into the movie as a reference to Shatner, and not his character. Shatner released a YouTube video expressing disappointment at not being approached for a cameo.[22] Although Shatner questioned the wisdom of not including him in the film, he predicted the movie would be "wonderful"[57] and that he was "kidding" about Abrams not offering him a cameo.[58]
Star Trek: Strange New Worlds
Kirk also appears in Star Trek: Strange New Worlds, which is set six years before the events of the original series. He first appears in the final episode of Season 1, portrayed by Paul Wesley, and appeared as a recurring guest in Season 2. In this series, the Enterprise has another captain, Kirk's predecessor Christopher Pike, who first appeared in "The Cage". Other fellow crew characters from the original series, such as Uhura, Spock and Nurse Chapel are main characters in Strange New Worlds.
Reception
According to Shatner, early Star Trek reviewers described his performance as "wooden", with most of the show's acting praise and media interest going to Nimoy.[33] However, Shatner's mannerisms when portraying Kirk have become "instantly recognizable"[54] and Shatner won a Saturn Award for Best Actor in 1982 for The Wrath of Khan.[59] Star Trek II director Nicholas Meyer said Shatner "gives the best performance of his life" in The Wrath of Khan.[60] The Guardian called Pine's performance of Kirk an "unqualified success",[61] and The Boston Globe said Pine is "a fine, brash boy Kirk".[62] Slate, which called Pine "a jewel", described his performance as "channel[ing]" Shatner without being an impersonation.[63]
Slate described Shatner's depiction of Kirk as an "expansive, randy, faintly ridiculous, and yet supremely capable leader of men,
In 2012,
In 2018, CBR ranked Kirk the best Starfleet character of Star Trek, including later television series.[76]
In July 2019, Screen Rant ranked Kirk the 8th smartest character of Star Trek.[77]
Cultural impact
In 1985, Riverside, Iowa petitioned Roddenberry and Paramount Pictures for permission to "adopt" Kirk as their town's "Future Son".[78] Shatner and Roddenberry approved the proposal.[79] Paramount wanted $40,000 for a license to reproduce a bust of Kirk, but the city instead set a plaque and built a replica of the Enterprise (named the "USS Riverside"), and the Riverside Area Community Club holds an annual "Trek Fest" in anticipation of Kirk's birthday.[80]
Kirk has been the subject of a wide range of television spoofs that aired in many countries, including
Kirk's memorable scream of "Khan!" in the 1982 movie Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan has become a pop culture icon in its own right, spawning internet memes and is widely parodied and paid tribute to.[87]
Kirk has been referenced in the lyrics of many pop songs. Early examples include the 1979 song "Where's Captain Kirk?" by Spizzenergi, the 1982 rap song "Tough" by Kurtis Blow, and 1983's "99 Luftballons" by Nena (both German and English versions).[88][89] More recently, in the 2003 remix of 1998’s "That Don't Impress Me Much", Shania Twain puts forth Captain Kirk as one of the unattainable ideals to whom her unappealingly haughty suitor apparently thinks himself equal.
Kirk has been merchandised in a variety of ways, including collectible busts,[90] action figures,[91] mugs,[92] t-shirts,[92] and Christmas tree ornaments.[93] A Kirk Halloween mask was altered and used as the mask worn by the character Michael Myers in the Halloween film franchise.[94] In 2002, Kirk's captain's chair from the original Star Trek was auctioned for $304,000.[95]
In a 2010 Space Foundation survey, Kirk tied with cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin as the No. 6 most popular space hero.[96]
Captain Kirk has also been portrayed in feline form. First, anthropomorphically, in two episodes of the 1975
The Kirk crater on Pluto's moon, Charon, is named after the character.[99]
Fan productions
In addition to television, feature films, books, and parodies, Kirk has also been portrayed in non-canon fan fiction.
Star Trek: New Voyages
The
James Cawley played Kirk in most of the ten episode Phase II series from its beginning in 2004 before replacing himself with actor Brian Gross. Wired observes that while Cawley's depiction "lacks Shatner's vulnerability", the actor has enough swagger "to be passable in the role".[101] Cawley's portrayal was well-known enough at Paramount that a group of Star Trek: Enterprise writers called for Cawley's attention at a science fiction convention by shouting "Hey, Kirk!" at him while Shatner sat nearby.[101]
Star Trek Continues
First produced in 2013, the 11 episode series Star Trek Continues also looked to chronicle the "lost seasons" of Star Trek: The Original Series. The series developer and producer is anime voice actor Vic Mignogna, who also plays the role of Kirk. Rounding out the core cast is fellow voice actor Todd Haberkorn as Spock, Chris Doohan (son of the original Scotty actor James Doohan) as Scotty, and as McCoy first author-producer Larry Nemecek, followed by voice actor Chuck Huber. It also co-starred Grant Imahara (MythBusters) as Sulu.
The first episode, "Pilgrim of Eternity" (with Michael Forest reprising his role as Apollo from the original series episode "Who Mourns for Adonais?") was released in 2013. The second episode, "Lolani" (featuring guest star Lou Ferrigno), was released in February 2014, and a third episode, "Fairest of Them All" was released in June 2014 and won a Burbank International Film Festival award for "Best New Media – Drama".[102][103][104] Star Trek Continues also won a Geekie Award for "Best Web Series".[105] On June 19, 2015, Episode 4 of the series was posted and titled "White Iris". All eleven full episodes have been released as of December, 2017.
Legacy
In October 2021, Kirk's actor from The Original Series William Shatner flew to space aboard a Blue Origin sub-orbital capsule. At age 90, he became the oldest person to fly to space and one of the first 600 to do so.[106][107]
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