James White (author)

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James White
Born(1928-04-07)7 April 1928
Belfast, Northern Ireland
Died23 August 1999(1999-08-23) (aged 71)
Portstewart, Northern Ireland
OccupationAuthor
GenreScience fiction
Notable works
Spouse
Margaret "Peggy" Sarah Martin
​
​
(m. 1955)​
Children3
Website
sectorgeneral.com

James White (7 April 1928 – 23 August 1999) was a Northern Irish author of science fiction novellas, short stories and novels. He was born in Belfast and returned there after spending some early years in Canada. After a few years working in the clothing industry, he worked at Short Brothers Ltd., an aircraft company based in Belfast, from 1965 until taking early retirement in 1984 as a result of diabetes. White married Margaret Sarah Martin, another science fiction fan, in 1955 and the couple had three children. He died of a stroke.

He became a fan of science fiction in 1941 and co-wrote two

first novel was published in 1957. His best-known novels were the twelve of the Sector General
series, the first published in 1962 and the last after his death. White also published nine other novels, two of which were nominated for major awards, unsuccessfully.

White abhorred violence, and medical and other emergencies were the sources of

dramatic tension
in his stories. The "Sector General" series is regarded as defining the genre of medical science fiction, and as introducing a memorable crew of aliens. Although missing winning the most prestigious honours four times, White gained other awards for specific works and for contributions to science fiction. He was also Guest-of-Honour of several conventions.

Biography

James White was born to a Catholic family in Belfast, Northern Ireland, on 7 April 1928, and spent part of his early life in Canada.[1] He was educated in Belfast at St. John's Primary School (1935–1941) and St. Joseph's Technical Secondary School (1942–1943).[2] As a teenager he lived with foster parents.[3] He wanted to study medicine but financial circumstances prevented this. Between 1943 and 1965 he worked for several Belfast tailoring firms and then as assistant manager of a Co-op department store. He married Margaret ("Peggy") Sarah Martin, another science fiction fan,[4] in 1955 and the couple had three children: daughter Patricia, and sons Martin and Peter. White later worked for the aeroplane builders Short Brothers Ltd. as a technical clerk (1965–1966), publicity assistant (1966–1968), and publicity officer (1968–1984).[2][5]

He became a science fiction fan in 1941, attracted particularly by the works of

xenophobic editor, John W. Campbell.[2][5] As a result, White's work was little-known outside the UK until the 1960s.[11]

In 1957, Ace Books published White's first novel, The Secret Visitors, which included locations in Northern Ireland.[1] The book had previously been serialised in New Worlds with the title Tourist Planet. Ace Books' science fiction editor, Donald A. Wollheim, thought the original ending was too tame and suggested that White should insert an all-out space battle just after the climactic courtroom scene.[2] In November the same year New Worlds published White's novelette Sector General, and editor John ("Ted") Carnell requested more stories set in the same universe, founding the series for which White is known best.[2] White gained "a steady following" for his "scientifically accurate" stories, which were examples of hard science fiction in New Worlds, despite the magazine's promotion of literary "New Wave" science fiction during the 1960s.[11]

White kept his job with Short Brothers and wrote in the evenings, as his stories did not make enough money for him to become a full-time author.

Workers Educational Association
. When diabetes had severely impaired his eyesight, he took early retirement in 1984 and relocated to the north Antrim resort town of Portstewart, where he continued to write.[2][4] For many years he was a Council Member of the British Science Fiction Association and, with Harry Harrison and Anne McCaffrey, a Patron of the Irish Science Fiction Association.[2] White was also a strong
pacifist.[12] He died of a stroke on 23 August 1999,[1][13] while his novels Double Contact and The First Protector were being prepared for publication.[2][7][14] His wife Peggy, son Martin, and daughter Patricia survived him.[1]

Published works

Sector General

The Sector General series consists of 12 books published originally between 1962 (Hospital Station) and 1999 (Double Contact).[15][16] Additional short stories set in the Sector General Universe ('"Countercharm", "Tableau", "Occupation: Warrior", and "Custom Fitting") appear in other collections by White.[2]

Sector General is a gigantic multi-species hospital space station founded as a peace-making project by two heroes from opposite sides of humanity's only full interstellar war.[17] The hospital accommodates patients and staff from dozens of species, with different environmental requirements, behaviours and ailments.[2] Initially most of the stories concern the career of Doctor Conway, who rises from junior surgeon to Diagnostician.[15][18] In the fourth book the Galactic Federation decides that the emergency service which the hospital offers to victims of space accidents and planetary catastrophes is the most effective means of making peaceful contact with new spacefaring species, which allows the series to expand its range of plots, characters and settings.[19] The seventh and later books each have a different and usually alien viewpoint character, which gave them "considerable new pep".[20] They also expand the range of issues beyond purely medical, and in Mike Resnick's opinion treat issues such as guilt and forgiveness better than most science fiction.[21]

The series defined the subgenre of multi-species medical stories,

pacifist space opera" series, when much of contemporary space opera from the United States was notably military.[19][22]

Other novels

Second Ending (1961), which White described as "about the last man on Earth" but with "an upbeat ending",[2] was short-listed for a Hugo Award.[23]

The Escape Orbit (1964; titled Open Prison in the UK), which was short-listed for a Nebula Award,[24] chronicles the efforts of human prisoners of war to survive after being dumped on a hostile planet without tools or weapons.[2]

All Judgement Fled (1968), which won the 1972 Europa Award,[2][25] was described by Mike Resnick as his favourite among White's novels and as "Rendezvous with Rama done right."[21]

White's other novels not part of the Sector General series are:[2]

Collections and short stories

The title story of White's collection

NESFA (New England Science Fiction Association) to commemorate White's being the Guest-of-Honour at the 1996 Worldcon,[21] and includes short stories and fan magazine articles by White, plus sections of Gary Louie's guide to the Sector General series. Among the stories, "Custom Fitting" (1976) was short-listed for a Hugo Award,[27] and "Sanctuary" (1988) won an Analog Analytical Laboratory Award.[28] His short story "Un-Birthday Boy", published in the magazine Analog in 1996 but not in a collection or anthology,[2] was short-listed for a Hugo Award.[29]

Other collections include:[2]

  • The Aliens Among Us (1969)
  • Monsters and Medics (1977; published by Ballantine Books; includes the novel Second Ending)[30]
  • Futures Past (1982) (includes the Sector General story "Spacebird")

Critical appraisal

Golden Age of science fiction in the 1930s, '40s, and '50s.[35]

Algis Budrys concluded his review of The Watch Below with "... this is very nice writing when considered simply as prose and as an attempt to involve the reader's emotions."[36] However, when reviewing All Judgment Fled he wrote, "I suspect that he generates so much tension within himself while writing a book that he literally cannot bear to come to grips with crucial scenes."[37]

White said of his approach to producing stories, "Of course, the plot idea must come first – but the characters soon take over," and compared it to using a compass rather than a map. He explained that he was drawn to medical themes by two factors: they offered opportunities for dramatic tension without war; and he had wanted to become a doctor, but had to go to work instead.[2] His avoidance of violent themes is as strong in his non-medical stories as in the Sector General series.[1][22]

None of White's works won

Hall of Fame.[41] White was Guest-of-Honour at many conventions including: the 1971 and 1985 Novacons in the United Kingdom;[42] three Beneluxcons (Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg); the 1998 Octocon (Ireland);[43] a Nicon (Northern Ireland); and the 1996 Worldcon.[2][44]

Since 2000 the James White Award has been presented for the best short story by a non-professional writer.[45] The judges are professional authors and editors, and have included Mike Resnick, Orson Scott Card, Lois McMaster Bujold, Peter F. Hamilton, Christopher Priest and Robert Sheckley.[46]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Andrews, G. (29 September 1999). "James White (obituary)". The Guardian. England: Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Andrews, G. "Dr. Kilcasey in Space: A Bio-bibliography of James White". Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  3. ^ a b "Focus On: Author James White". SFRevue. Vol. 2, no. 11. November 1998. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
  4. ^ a b c d Ryder, B. (1991). "Octocon Special – James White Interview". FTL. 11. Irish Science Fiction Association. Archived from the original on 3 April 2004. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
  5. ^ a b c "James White". Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 261, British Fantasy and Science-Fiction Writers Since 1960. Gale Research Publications. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  6. Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. Archived from the original
    on 4 February 2000. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-0-312-84890-3
    .
  8. ^ "2004 Hugo Awards and Retro Hugo Awards". Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  9. ^ White, James (January 1953). "Assisted Passage". New Worlds. No. 19. Archived from the original on 9 August 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  10. ^ White, James (October 1953). "The Scavengers". Astounding Science Fiction. Archived from the original on 9 August 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-0-85323-769-3
    . Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  12. ^ Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia by Brian Stableford. CRC Press, 2006 (pg. 392).
  13. Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. Archived from the original
    on 19 January 2000. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  14. ^ "James White Dies". Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  15. ^ a b James White (1962). Hospital Station. Ballantine.
  16. ISBN 9780312870416
    .
  17. ^ James White (1983). "Accident". Sector General. Ballantine.
  18. ISBN 9780345320896
    .
  19. ^ a b James White (1979). Ambulance Ship. Ballantine.
  20. ^ a b Dave Langford (1983). "James White and Sector General". White Dwarf. Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2008. Also at Dave Langford. "Critical Mass". Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  21. ^
    ISBN 978-0-915368-71-6. Archived from the original
    on 14 January 2002. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  22. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8108-4938-9
    . Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  23. ^ "The Locus Index to SF Awards: 1962 Hugo Awards". Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  24. ^ "The Locus Index to SF Awards: 1962 Hugo Awards1966 Nebula Awards". Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  25. ^ "Luna Monthly issue 19" (PDF). Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  26. S2CID 145192839. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  27. ^ "The Locus Index to SF Awards: 1977 Hugo Awards". Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  28. ^ "1989 Analog Analytical Laboratory". Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  29. ^ "The Locus Index to SF Awards: 1997 Hugo Awards". Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
  30. ^ Calderwood, J. (December 2003). "Reviewers Choice Reviews: Monsters And Medics". Reviewer's Choice Reviews. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
  31. Dave Langford
    's books The Complete Critical Assembly: The Collected White Dwarf and (GM, and GMI) Columns and Up Through an Empty House of Stars: Reviews and Essays, 1980–2002)
  32. ISBN 978-0-7653-0663-0
    .
  33. ISBN 978-0-85323-769-3
    . Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  34. ^ Leeper, M.R. (4 March 1993). "Good Morning Babylon Review". KillerMovies.com. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  35. ^ Aylott, C. (3 November 1999). "'Double Contact' Gives Dose of Old Medicine". Space.com. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
  36. ^ Algis Budrys (August 1966). "Review:The Watch Below". Galaxy Science Fiction. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
  37. ^ Algis Budrys (March 1971). "Review:All Judgment Fled". Galaxy Science Fiction. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
  38. ^ "The Locus Index to SF Awards: Index of Literary Nominees". Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
  39. ^ "The Skylark: The E. E. Smith Memorial Award". Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
  40. ^ "1998 Skylark Award". Archived from the original on 19 December 2005. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
  41. ^ "ESFS Awards 1996–1999". 1999. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
  42. ^ "The History of Novacon". Retrieved 18 November 2008.[dead link]
  43. ^ "Previous Guests at Octocon". Archived from the original on 27 June 2006. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
  44. ^ "The Long List of World Science Fiction Conventions (Worldcons)". Archived from the original on 10 January 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
  45. ^ "Locus Online: Books and Publishing News, Announcements April 2000". Locus Publications. 22 April 2000. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
  46. ^ "The James White Award". Retrieved 18 November 2008.

External links

Preceded by
Rafal A. Ziemkiewicz
 ESFS award for Best Author
1999 		Succeeded by
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