Jane Dieulafoy
Jane Dieulafoy | |
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Persia | |
Notable works | First French excavations at Susa |
Jane Dieulafoy (29 June 1851 – 25 May 1916) was a French
Career
Jane Dieulafoy was born Jeanne Henriette Magre to a wealthy family of
With the end of the war, Marcel was employed by the Midi railways, but during the next ten years the Dieulafoys would travel in Egypt and Morocco for archaeological and exploration work. Jane did not keep a record of these journeys. Marcel became increasingly interested in the relationship between Oriental and Western architecture, and in 1879, decided to devote himself to archaeology.[7]
The Dieulafoys first visited Persia in 1881-82, and would return twice after that (the last time in 1884
At Susa, the couple found numerous artifacts and friezes, several of which were shipped back to France. One such find is the famous Lion Frieze on display at the
Yesterday I watched the large stone bull found in recent days with great regret, weighing about twelve thousand pounds! It is impossible to shake such a huge mass. Eventually I could not overcome my anger, grab a sledgehammer and fall into the rock. I hit it with a savage blow. The head of the column is broken as a result of a sledgehammer struck like a ripe fruit...
After their journeys in Persia, Dieulafoy and her husband spent time traveling in Spain and Morocco between 1888 and 1914. She also wrote two novels: Her first was Parysatis, in 1890, set in ancient Susa. It was later adapted into an opera by
While in Morocco, her health began to decline. She contracted
Cross-dressing
During her travels abroad, Jane Dieulafoy preferred to dress in men's clothing and to wear her hair short,[15][16] because it was otherwise difficult for a woman to travel freely in a Muslim country. She had also dressed as a man when she fought alongside Marcel Dieulafoy during the Franco-Prussian War, and she continued to dress in men's clothing when she returned to France. This was against the law in France at the time, but when she returned from the Middle East she received special "permission de travestissement" (English: "permission to crossdress") from the prefect of police.[6] Of her cross-dressing Dieulafoy wrote "I only do this to save time. I buy ready-made suits and I can use the time saved this way to do more work".[17] She included many characters who cross-dress in her fiction, including her novels Volontaire and Frère Pélage.[citation needed]
Dieulafoy considered herself an equal to her husband, but was also fiercely loyal to him. She was opposed to the idea of divorce, believing it degraded women.
Bibliography
Major published works:[10]
- La Perse, la Chaldée et la Susiane 1881–1882. Paris. 1887.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - L'Orient sous le voile. De Chiraz à Bagdad 1881–1882 (vol 2). Paris. 1889.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - À Suse 1884–1886. Journal des fouilles. Paris. 1888.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Parysatis. Paris. 1890.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Volontaire. Paris. 1892.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Rose d'Hatra et L'Oracle (short stories). Paris. 1893.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Frère Pélage. Paris. 1894.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Déchéance. Paris. 1897.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Aragon et Valence. Paris. 1901.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - L'épouse parfaite (translation from Fray Luis de León). Paris. 1906.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Castille et Andalousie. Paris. 1908.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Isabelle la Grande. Paris. 1920.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
References
- ^ Bonakdarian 2006, p. 207.
- ^ Perrot, Georges; Chipiez, Charles (1892). History of Art in Persia: From the French of Georges Perrot and Charles Chipiez. Chapman and Hall.
- ISBN 978-1-317-32983-1.
- ^ Adams 2010, p. 43.
- ^ Adams 2010, p. 49.
- ^ a b "MME. JANE DIEULAFOY DEAD.; Explorer and Author Fought Through Franco-Prussian War". The New York Times. 28 May 1916. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
- ^ a b Cohen & Joukowsky 2006, p. 39.
- ^ a b Nameghi, Khadijeh Mohammadi; González, Carmen Pérez (2013). From Sitters to Photographers: Women in Photography from the Qajar Era to the 1930s. History of Photography, 37:1, p. 56.
- ^ Cohen & Joukowsky 2006, p. 41.
- ^ a b c d e Calmard 1995.
- ^ Dieulafoy, Jane. Perse, la Chaldee, la Susiane (1887 edition), p.2 and list of Illustrations at the end.
- ^ Adams 2010, p. 42.
- ^ Adams 2010, p. 61.
- ^ Gran-Aymeric 1991, p. 311.
- ^ Bird 2012, p. 122.
- ^ Mesch 2020, pp. 27–120.
- ^ Adams 2010, p. 56.
- ^ Adams 2010, p. 57.
- ^ Irvine 2008, pp. 10–11.
- Adams, Amanda (2010). "Jane Dieulafoy — All Dressed Up In a Man's Suit". Ladies of the Field: Early Women Archaeologists and Their Search for Adventure. Greystone Books. ISBN 978-1-55365-433-9.
- Bird, Dúnlaith (2012). Travelling in Different Skins: Gender Identity in European Women's Oriental Travelogues, 1850-1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-964416-2.
- Bonakdarian, Mansour (2006). Britain and the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906-1911: Foreign Policy, Imperialism, and Dissent. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-3042-5.
- Calmard, Jean (15 December 1995). "Dieulafoy, Jeanne Henriette Magre". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
- Cohen, Getzel M.; Joukowsky, Martha Sharp (2006). "Jane Dieulafoy (1851-1916)". Breaking Ground: Pioneering Women Archaeologists. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-03174-0.
- Gran-Aymeric, Eve and Jean (1991). Jane Dieulafoy, une vie d'homme. Perrin. ISBN 978-2-262-00875-8.
- Irvine, Margot (2008). "Une Académie de femmes?". @nalyses. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
- Irvine, Margot (1999). "Jane Dieulafoy's Gender Transgressive Behaviour and Conformist Writing". Portsmouth Working Papers on Contemporary France.
- Mesch, Rachel (2020). "Part I. Jane Dieulafoy: Masculinity for God and Country.". Before Trans: Three Gender Stories from 19th Century France. Stanford University Press. S2CID 242128755.
Further reading
- ISBN 978-1-55365-433-9
- Rossiter, Heather,ISBN 978-1-74305-378-2