January 1963

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January 29, 1963: American poet Robert Frost dies at 88
January 13, 1963: Togo's President Sylvanus Olympio killed while trying to flee to U.S. Embassy
January 23, 1963: British MI5 agent Kim Philby flees to USSR

The following events occurred in January 1963:

January 1, 1963 (Tuesday)

January 2, 1963 (Wednesday)

Powell
  • Died:
    • Dick Powell, 58, American actor and singer; of lymphatic cancer one day after his pre-recorded introduction to the stories of his anthology series, The Dick Powell Show, had been telecast. The show would continue for the rest of the season under the same name with various celebrities hosting, but without Powell's introductions.[16]
    • Jack Carson, 52, Canadian-American comedian and character actor; of stomach cancer[17]

January 3, 1963 (Thursday)

  • At a press conference in Ottawa, U.S. Army General Lauris Norstad's answer to a reporter's question set in motion a series of events that would bring the downfall of Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker. General Norstad had recently retired as NATO's Supreme Allied Commander in Europe. Asked by Charles Lynch[18] of the Ottawa Citizen whether he was saying that Canada's refusal to accept nuclear weapons for its airplanes meant "that she is not actually fulfilling her NATO commitments", General Norstad said, "I believe that is right."[19][20]
  • Thirty-two Soviet civilians from Siberia forced their way into the United States Embassy in Moscow, describing themselves as "persecuted Christians" and seeking political asylum. After embassy officials told the group that they could not stay, the people were placed on a bus and taken away by Moscow police.[21] The 6 men, 12 women and 14 children were sent back to Chernogorsk that evening, after the U.S. Embassy received assurances that the group would get "good treatment".[22]
  • Contact with the American Mariner 2 space probe was lost after 128 days of data transmitted from the planet Venus and from the Sun. Attempts from Earth on January 8 to restart transmission, failed, and the craft was not found during searches made on May 28 and August 16.[23]
  • The "
    Big Freeze of 1963" in the United Kingdom caused the cancellation of all but three of the scheduled third round matches of the 1962–63 FA Cup.[24][25] The blizzard was "the worst snow in Britain's 100 years of recorded weather history".[26]
  • NASA made tentative plans to extend the Mercury 9 flight from 18 to 22 orbits.[27]

January 4, 1963 (Friday)

January 5, 1963 (Saturday)

  • The military government of Peru began a nationwide roundup of suspected Communists, arresting more than 300 people accused of plotting subversion.[33]
  • In New York City, the musical Camelot closed after 873 performances and a Broadway run of more than two years.[34]
  • Died:

January 6, 1963 (Sunday)

January 7, 1963 (Monday)

A 5¢ stamp

January 8, 1963 (Tuesday)

Mona Lisa taken to Washington, D.C.
  • Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa was exhibited in the United States for the first time, at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., in an event attended by President Kennedy and 2,000 other guests of honor. The masterpiece was on view for 27 days in Washington, during which 674,000 visitors came to see it, then moved on to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York from February 6 to March 4.[43]
  • MSC outlined requirements for McDonnell to use for Gemini aborts in orbit. These included onboard controlled reentry for all aborts, except for guidance and control system failure; onboard selection emergency abort target areas; navigational accuracy to a 2-mile (3.2 km) radius error at the point of impact; and crew capability to eject from the
    paraglider deployed.[30]

January 9, 1963 (Wednesday)

  • A relatively rare total penumbral lunar eclipse took place, with the Moon passing entirely within the penumbral shadow without entering the darker umbral shadow.[44]
  • Flight Operations Division set requirements for the remote stations of the Gemini worldwide tracking network.[30]

January 10, 1963 (Thursday)

January 11, 1963 (Friday)

January 12, 1963 (Saturday)

  • At the Australian National Athletics Championships in her home town of Perth, Western Australia, Margaret Burvill set a new world record of 23.2 seconds in the women's 220 yard dash.[51]
  • Born: Nando Reis, Brazilian musician and producer; in São Paulo

January 13, 1963 (Sunday)

  • Sylvanus Olympio, the 60-year-old President of Togo, was assassinated. Olympio apparently was seeking refuge at the United States Embassy in Lomé, next to the presidential palace.[52] U.S. Ambassador Leon B. Poullada said that "the body, riddled by several bullets, was found crumpled only three feet from the embassy's gate".[53] The President's killer, Colonel Étienne Eyadéma, would assume the presidency in 1967 and hold the office until his death in 2005.[54]

January 14, 1963 (Monday)

January 15, 1963 (Tuesday)

January 16, 1963 (Wednesday)

  • Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev visited the Berlin Wall from the East Berlin side, then delivered an address to the Communist leadership of East Germany at the SED Party Congress. Khrushchev stated bluntly that the Wall had accomplished its purpose of stemming the exodus of citizens from the nation and stabilized the East German economy, and added that further Soviet economic assistance would not be forthcoming. "Neither God nor the devil will give you bread or butter if you do not manage it with your own hands," Khrushchev said, adding that East Germany "must not expect alms from some rich uncle".[68]
  • Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom resumed diplomatic relations, more than six years after the two nations had closed their embassies during the 1956 Suez Crisis.[69]
  • The 1963 NBA All-Star Game was played at Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena. The Eastern Conference team beat the Western Conference, 115–108.[70]
  • Born: James May, British television presenter; in Bristol
  • Died:

January 17, 1963 (Thursday)

January 18, 1963 (Friday)

January 19, 1963 (Saturday)

January 20, 1963 (Sunday)

  • The "
    Konfrontasi", literally a confrontation between Indonesia and the proposed union of the former British colonies of Malaya, Sarawak, Sabah and Singapore as the Federation of Malaysia, was declared in a speech by the Indonesian Foreign Minister, Subandrio. Indonesia shared a border with Sarawak and Sabah on the island of Borneo, and opposed their incorporation into a larger nation. Although avoiding a direct war with the United Kingdom, which maintained bases on Borneo, Indonesia engaged in skirmishes along the Sarawak border, and 37 bombings at various locations in Singapore. The war would come to an end with the signing of a treaty on August 11, 1966, after the overthrow of Indonesia's President Sukarno by General Suharto.[78]
  • Father Vincent Pallotti (1796–1850), founder in 1835 of the Roman Catholic organization called the Pallottines, was elevated to sainthood by Pope John XXIII.[79]
  • Born:

January 21, 1963 (Monday)

January 22, 1963 (Tuesday)

January 23, 1963 (Wednesday)

  • The Pascagoula (MS) Chronicle, whose publisher, Ira B. Harkey Jr., was alone among white newspaper owners in Mississippi in taking a stand against racial segregation, was saved from financial ruin when a newsman for the New York City radio station WNEW urged his listeners to subscribe to the paper. Dee Finch called attention to Harkey's courageous stand and loss of revenue, said that he was going to buy a subscription to the Chronicle, and invited others to do likewise. In the first day, 750 New Yorkers pledged to subscribe, and advertising agencies announced plans to encourage their clients to buy ad space in the newspaper.[85]
  • Three months after the U.S. and the USSR almost went to war during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Turkish government announced the deactivation and removal of its arsenal of American-supplied Jupiter missiles from Turkey, six days after Italy had announced their phaseout of the Jupiters. The missiles in Turkey, armed with nuclear warheads and within striking distance of cities in the Soviet Union, had been one of the reasons for the Soviet placement of missiles in Cuba.[86]
  • British MI5 agent Kim Philby, who was secretly working for the Soviet Union as a double agent for the NKVD, disappeared after having a drink with a colleague at a hotel in Beirut. Five months later, on July 30, the Soviet Union would announce that he had been given asylum there and would confirm his identity as a Soviet spy.[87][88]
  • The Sino-Indian War formally came to an end after India's Parliament, the Lok Sabha, voted to approve the terms for peace with China, concluding the war between the world's two most populous nations. China had withdrawn its troops the previous month.[89]
  • A strike began at the Florida East Coast Railway and would become the longest in railroad history, not ending until nine years later on February 1, 1972. Strike activity would not completely end until April 9, 1976.[90]
  • The first democratic elections in the history of Kuwait took place, although limited to men only. There were 205 candidates for the 50 available seats in the National Assembly.[91]
  • Born: Su Tong (pseudonym for Tong Zhonggui), Chinese author; in Suzhou
  • Died:

January 24, 1963 (Thursday)

  • A B-52C bomber, carrying two nuclear weapons and on airborne alert for the U.S. Air Force, lost its vertical stabilizer in turbulence, broke up in midair and crashed into Elephant Mountain in Piscataquis County, Maine. Seven of the nine-man crew were killed, and one of the unarmed nuclear bombs fell from the plane and broke apart on impact on a farm. A part of that bomb, containing enriched uranium, was never located, "even though the waterlogged farmland in the vicinity was excavated to a depth of 50 feet".[92]
  • Died: Otto Harbach, 89, American lyricist and librettist

January 25, 1963 (Friday)

  • Speaking to the Canadian House of Commons on whether Canada would or would not accept nuclear weapons for its combat aircraft, Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker made a speech that subsequent historians would describe as "most baffling",[93] "next to incomprehensible"[94] and full of "long, evasive, rambling... incoherent statements".[20] "However," the Canadian Press (CP) would write, "at no point in his two-hour speech did Mr. Diefenbaker say definitely whether Canada has rejected or accepted a nuclear role for Canadian forces."[95]
  • A large annular solar eclipse covered over 99% of the Sun, creating a dramatic spectacle for observers in a narrow path at most 19.6 kilometres (12.2 mi) wide; it lasted just 25.24 seconds at the point of maximum eclipse.
  • The lowest ever temperature in Kosovo (at the time part of Yugoslavia) was recorded in the city of Gjilan, −32.5 °C (−26.5 °F).
  • Died: Sir Isaac Shoenberg, 78, Russian-born British inventor who pioneered the development of the all electronic form of television

January 26, 1963 (Saturday)

  • Specialty assignments were announced by the Manned Spacecraft Center for its astronaut team:
    Edward H. White II, flight control systems; and John W. Young, environmental control systems, personal and survival equipment.[27][30]
  • The
    "British Pools Panel" was first used to address instances, in the betting on Britain's soccer football matches, where a scheduled match was postponed. On the first weekend, when 55 games were called off because of freezing temperatures, the panel of former players and referees "predicted" what the results would have been had the match not been postponed, essentially making up results that would be accepted for determining whether a betting line had been picked successfully.[96] Originally, the five-member Panel only intervened if 30 or more matches were called off; later, the panel would convene if any match were postponed.[97]
  • The Rules Committee for American organized baseball voted unanimously (9–0) to increase the size of the strike zone beginning with the 1963 season. The new rule specified that a pitched ball was a strike if it traveled in the "space above home plate which is between the top of the batter's shoulders and his knees when he assumes his natural position". The prior rule in 1950 measured the zone from a player's armpits to the top of the knees.[98] Although the number of walks decreased, so did the number of home runs, particularly in the American League, where attendance declined.[99]
  • The Shah of Iran's White Revolution of six reforms, including the right of women to vote, was overwhelmingly approved in a nationwide referendum by the six million male voters; the election was believed by observers to have been fraudulent.[100]
  • On
    Perth, Australia, two people were shot dead, and others injured, by multiple murderer Eric Edgar Cooke.[101]
  • Born:
  • Died:

January 27, 1963 (Sunday)

  • Lee Harvey Oswald used the alias "A. J. Hidell" for the first time, ordering a .38 caliber Smith & Wesson revolver through the mail from Seaport Traders, Inc., of Los Angeles. He would use the Hidell name in ordering other weapons, including the Mannlicher–Carcano rifle that would be used in November to kill U.S. President Kennedy.[104]
  • The
    Israeli Aircraft Industries (IAI), now Israel Aerospace Industries, which manufactured the jets under the name Westwind.[105]
  • Born: Søren Gade, former Danish Defence Minister; in Holstebro
  • Died: Princess Adisaya Suriyabha, 73, member of the Thai royal family (a daughter of Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam)

January 28, 1963 (Monday)

  • African American student Harvey Gantt entered Clemson University in South Carolina, the last U.S. state to hold out against racial integration. "South Carolina is the only state," the Associated Press reported, "which, to this day, had preserved segregation in public schools at all levels."[106] Gantt's entry into the university was described as peaceful, and it was reported that "On the surface, Gantt was being treated by students and college officials alike as just another newcomer."[107] Most South Carolina public schools did not integrate until the 1970s.[108]
  • The fourth, and final, book by author J. D. Salinger was published. Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction were two novellas put together in one novel, which had both previously appeared in print in the magazine The New Yorker.[109]
  • The city of Vista, California, was incorporated.[110]
  • Died:
    Around the World in Eighty Days
    .

January 29, 1963 (Tuesday)

  • France vetoed the United Kingdom's application for entry into the Western Europe's European Economic Community (EEC), known as the "Common Market".[111] The move had been hinted at earlier by President Charles de Gaulle earlier. Since admission to the Common Market would have required a unanimous vote of the member nations, Foreign Minister Maurice Couve de Murville moved to adjourn negotiations indefinitely. The UK would be admitted to the Common Market on January 1, 1973, almost ten years later.
  • At a launch guidance and control coordination meeting on January 29 and 30,
    Gemini program, Aerospace felt that a tighter quality assurance program was needed: "GE has a poor MOD III (G) quality control program, basically poor workmanship."[30]
  • The first inductees into the Pro Football Hall of Fame at Canton, Ohio, were announced.
  • Born:
    Octavian Teodorescu, Romanian rock musician and composer who performs under the stage name "Octave"; in Bucharest[112]
  • Died:
    • Lee "Specs" Meadows, 68, American MLB baseball pitcher who led the National League in wins in 1926 and who was one of the first players to wear glasses while playing.
    • Robert Frost, 88, popular American poet and four-time Pulitzer Prize winner[113]

January 30, 1963 (Wednesday)

January 31, 1963 (Thursday)

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External links

Media related to January 1963 at Wikimedia Commons

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